Hydrothermal analysis on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow of blood through porous vessels

In this paper, the flow of non-Newtonian blood fluid with nanoparticles inside a vessel with a porous wall in presence of a magnetic field have been investigated. This study aimed to investigate various parameters such as magnetic field and porosity on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. In this research, three different models (Vogel, Reynolds and Constant) for viscosity have been used as an innovation. The governing equations are solved by Akbari-Ganji's Method (AGM) analytical method and the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to better represent the phenomena in the vessel. The results show that increasing the Gr number, porosity and negative pressure increase the blood velocity and increasing the magnetic field intensity decrease the blood velocity.

Impact of ohmic heating on energy transport in double diffusive Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow induced by stretchable cylindrical surface

The most important and significant research topic in mechanical and industrial engineering is the fluid flow with heat transport by a stretched surface because of the numerous applications. The impact of heat transport on product quality can be noticed in the field of chemical engineering, polymer processing, glass fiber production, hot rolling, metal extrusion, production of paper, and drawing of plastic films and wires. In light of such foregoing applications, an attempt is made to model the thermal and solutal diffusion phenomena in Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder by using Buongiorno's model and Cattaneo-Cristov theory. To explore the heat flow mechanism in the flow, the effects of heat source/sink with ohmic heating are also considered. Additionally, the influence of chemical reactions is used to investigate the solutal transport process in nanofluid flow. The mathematical formulation section of the manuscript depicts the mathematical modeling of momentum, heat, and mass diffusion equations. The effect of dimensionless physical constraints on the flow, temperature, and concentration distributions of Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow are investigated using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) in Wolfram Mathematica. In the results and discussion section, graphical findings are displayed and physically justified. A section of concluding remarks is added at the end of the text to emphasize the study's major findings.

Multi-objective optimization of alloying elements to enhance the wear resistance and impact strength of HCCI produced by furan sand mold

High Chromium White Cast Iron (HCWCI) plays a major role in manufacturing of wear-resistant components. Due to unique wear resistance property, attribution to the additions of carbide forming elements, they have been used for mill liner applications. By varying the wt% of alloying elements such as Cr, Ti, and Mo, the wear resistance and impact strength of High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) can be increased. To enhance the wear resistance property according to Central Composite Design (CCD), 16 samples were fabricated by varying the wt% of alloying elements. To fabricate the samples, furan sand molds were prepared and used for the further casting process. The properties of Furan sand mold enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the mold rejection rate, production time, etc. To attain the optimum Wear Rate (WR) and Impact Strength (IS) value without dominance, optimization techniques such as Response Surface Methodological (RSM) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) are employed to solve the multi-objective problem. The RSM and PSO predicted optimum solutions are compared by using the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) ranking method. The WASPAS result revealed that when compared to the RSM result, the PSO predicted optimal wt% of chemical composition (22 wt % Cr, 3 wt % Ti, and 2.99 wt % Mo) gives the optimum WR value (53 mm3/min) and IS value (3.77 J). To validate the PSO result, experiments were carried out for the predicted wt% of alloying elements and tested. The difference between the PSO predicted result and experimental result is less than 5% error which clearly shows that PSO is an effective method to solve the multi-objective problem.

Impacts of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on MHD pulsatile flow of third grade nanofluid in a channel

The current exploration deals with the third grade hydromagnetic pulsating flow of blood-gold nanofluid in a channel with the presence of Ohmic heating, viscous dissipation and radiative heat. In the present analysis, blood (base fluid) is considered as third-grade fluid and gold (Au) as nanoparticle. This investigation is useful in the fields of food processing system, pressure surges (pulsatile flow application), biomedical engineering, nano drug delivery, radiotherapy, and cancer therapeutic (nanofluid application). Perturbation method is employed to transform the set of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then solved by employing the fourth order Runge-Kutta method with the aid of the shooting technique. The impacts of emerging dimensionless parameters of velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate of blood-Au nanofluid are analysed via pictorial outcomes in detail. The obtained results depict that the improvement in viscous dissipation and heat source enhanced the temperature of third grade nanofluid. The velocity and temperature of the nanofluid are declining functions with the enhancement of frequency parameter, material parameter, and non-Newtonian parameter respectively. Intensifying the volume fraction of nanoparticle dwindles the velocity and temperature of nanofluid. Enhancing volume fraction and viscous dissipation accelerates the heat transfer rate of nanofluid. The velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rates are decreased by an escalation of the Hartmann number. Further, enhancing the radiation parameter reduces the heat transfer rate and temperature of nanofluid.

Rank-based risk target data analysis using digital twin on oil pipeline network based on manifold learning

Oil and Gas Pipeline (OGP) projects face a wide scope of wellbeing and security Risk Factors (RFs) all around the world, especially in the oil and gas delivering nations having influencing climate and unsampled data. Lacking data about the reasons for pipeline risk predictor and unstructured data about the security of the OGP prevent endeavors of moderating such dangers. This paper, subsequently, means to foster a risk analyzing framework in view of a comprehensive methodology of recognizing, dissecting and positioning the related RFs, and assessing the conceivable pipeline characteristics. Hazard Mitigation Methods (HMMs), which are the initial steps of this approach. A new methodology has been created to direct disappointment investigation of pinhole erosion in pipelines utilizing the typical pipeline risk strategy and erosion climate reenactments during a full life pattern of the pipeline. Hence in the proposed work, manifold learning with rank based clustering algorithm is incorporated with the cloud server for improved data analysis. The probability risk rate is identified from the burst pressure by clustering the normal and leak category to improve the accuracy of the prediction system experimented on the lab-scale oil pipeline system. The numerical results like auto-correlation, periodogram, Laplace transformed P-P Plot are utilized to estimate the datasets restructured by the manifold learning approach. The obtained experimental results shows that the cloud server datasets are clustered with rank prioritization to make proactive decision in faster manner by distinguishing labelled and unlabeled pressure attributes.

Biconvective transport of magnetized couple stress fluid over a radiative paraboloid of revolution

In the present study, the physical features of the bioconvective MHD flow of a couple stress fluid over an upper horizontal surface (i.e. surface shaped like a submarine or any ( uhsp) aerodynamical automobile) is analysed by considering radiation and viscous dissipation effects. In the fluid-saturated domain flow is induced due to the reaction of catalytic surface, double diffusion and stretching fluid layers. In fact, couple stress fluid is electrically conducted because non-uniform magnetic field is imposed. With the assistance of appropriate similarity transformations governing equations of the study are reduced to set of ordinary differential equations. Thereafter, built-in MATLAB solver bvp4c is implemented to solve the system numerically. By means of graphs and tables variations of the velocity, temperature, concentration, friction factor, local heat and mass transfer rates are observed thoroughly by varying the flow controlling parameters. From this analysis, main observations are, for rising values of couple stress and magnetic parameter velocity is decline, whereas temperature rises for the same parameters and increase in the thermal boundary layer is noted for the Brinkman number, whereas reverse trend is noted in the concentration boundary layer. Finally, comparison is done and a good correlation is identified between the present analysis and perversely recorded analysis.

Effects of ECAE process on the fatigue crack growth rate of copper metal

In this study, the effects of the number of passes performed by the Equal Channel Angular Extrusion as a severe plastic deformation process on copper metal's microstructure and mechanical properties, especially its resistance to fatigue crack growth, have been investigated. The experimental results show that as the number of processes passes increases, the copper metal grains become finer and as a result less stress is concentrated at the starting points of the fatigue fracture, which delays the fracture. For example, after performing 8 ECAE process passes, the threshold values of fatigue crack growth increases by 113.2% relative to the base metal. Moreover, as the grains become smaller, the number of grains and consequently the number of grain boundaries will increase and thus more obstacles will be placed in the way of crack growth. Also, the SEM images indicate that many fine and equiaxed dimples in processed copper become smaller as the number of passes increases. This shows that finer and more equiaxed grains will be obtained by repeating the ECAE process and thus repeating the occurrence of recrystallization. It was cleared that this process improves the mechanical properties of the copper other than the failure strain. However, by increasing the number of process passes, this problem can be significantly reduced. Highlights The fine grains considerably delay the fatigue fracture By ECAE process, the threshold value of fatigue crack growth increases by 113.2% All zones resulting from fatigue fracture are recognizable in fractured ECAE sample The SEM images indicate that a ductile failure has occurred in the tensile samples

Part dynamics in the intermediate regime of a linear vibratory feeder

Linear vibratory feeder is one of the most extensively used part feeding systems in a production line. The part motion on the feeder can be sliding or hopping or a combination of these two. Based on the dynamics of part motion this paper identifies three distinct regimes. A mathematical model was developed that can predict the trend in conveying velocity in these regimes. This model can provide the parts position as a function of time and has considered relative displacement between the part and the conveying surface. The simulation was validated by performing experiments for a range of vibration frequencies and amplitudes.

Influence of Fly Ash and Emery based particulate reinforced AA7075 surface composite processed through friction stir processing

The novel friction stir technology is adopted in modern automotive industries to meet the desired properties like hardness, impact toughness and tribological behaviour over the conventional techniques like stir casting, compo casting, squeeze casting, electroplating and infiltration methods. AA7075 surface composites fabricated with different volume fractions of fly ash and emery particles is said to enhance the aforementioned properties. The composites are processed through friction stir process (rotational speed −1200 rpm, transverse speed – 56 mm/min, tool tilt angle – 2 °). During characterization, the Microstructural examination of surface composites depicts fine and homogenous distribution of reinforcements in the friction stir process region owing to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization process. Substantially, good interface is formed between the reinforcement particulates and base substrate. Inclusion of Fe3O4, Al2O3 and SiO2 constituents through fly ash and emery reinforcements associated with the homogenous dispersion strengthening mechanism favours for the superior hardness of surface hybrid composite specimen 50E50FA. Decremented grain size and load bearing capacity of the reinforcements is beneficial for the crack propagation resistance that enhances the impact toughness behaviour (17.4 J/cm2) of the same specimen. Wear rate of the specimens are evaluated through pin on disc tribometer. The decrease in the wear rate of hard specimen 50E50FA is observed due to the reduced contact area between its surface and counter disc. The morphology of worn specimens using SEM analysis shows the combined abrasive and adhesive wear as the worn mechanism.

Design and manufacturing of an innovative rolling ball tool: A step forward towards the development of SPIF process

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is an innovative forming technology which is widely used in various sectors of mechanical production. This is particularly useful for rapid prototyping and limited batch without a specific die. A new class of this method is single-point incremental forming (SPIF). This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation on the SPIF of Aluminum sheets, and, in particular, the influence of the forming tool is taken into account. A new rolling ball tool is designed to follow this, and the formability of the Aluminum sheets under the SPIF procedure is investigated for both new and conventional tools. Moreover, a number of important process parameters such as the feed rate, forming force, and surface roughness are considered in the experiments’ design. Finally, the optimal conditions in achieving a developed SPIF procedure in terms of the mentioned factors are reported and discussed. The findings of this work suggest that the surface quality after the forming process can be enhanced by 55% when using the new designed tool, while the forming force is reduced by 38% at the same time.