Assessing Continued Electrochemical Treatment of Groundwater Impacted by Aqueous Film-Forming Foams

Bench-scale experiments were performed to evaluate the electrochemical oxidation, via direct anodic oxidation and indirect oxidation from salt-derived species, of diluted aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) in brine solutions.

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Electrochemical treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in groundwater impacted by aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs)

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 295 ◽

pp. 170-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Charles E. Schaefer ◽

Christina Andaya ◽

Ana Urtiaga ◽

Erica R. McKenzie ◽

Christopher P. Higgins

Keyword(s):

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Film Forming

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Clean Electron Microscope Substrate Films Used for Micrometeorite Collection and Study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100061847 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 366-367

Author(s):

D. M. Davies ◽

R. Kemner ◽

E. F. Fullam

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

High Altitude ◽

Amyl Acetate ◽

Temperature Variations ◽

Film Forming ◽

Film Specimen ◽

Particulate Contaminants

All serious electron microscopists at one time or another have been concerned with the cleanliness and freedom from artifacts of thin film specimen support substrates. This is particularly important where there are relatively few particles of a sample to be found for study, as in the case of micrometeorite collections. For the deposition of such celestial garbage through the use of balloons, rockets, and aircraft, the thin film substrates must have not only all the attributes necessary for use in the electron microscope, but also be able to withstand rather wide temperature variations at high altitude, vibration and shock inherent in the collection vehicle's operation and occasionally an unscheduled violent landing.Nitrocellulose has been selected as a film forming material that meets these requirements yet lends itself to a relatively simple clean-up procedure to remove particulate contaminants. A 1% nitrocellulose solution is prepared by dissolving “Parlodion” in redistilled amyl acetate from which all moisture has been removed.

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A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079097 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 314-315

Author(s):

Earl R. Walter ◽

Glen H. Bryant

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Vacuum System ◽

Latex Particles ◽

New Methods ◽

Diffusion Pump ◽

Film Forming ◽

Routine Basis ◽

Distribution Studies ◽

Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

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Bioadsorption of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions by Rhizophora Apiculate sp. and Elaesis Guineensis sp.

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v14i1.2699 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

M.B. Nicodemus Ujih ◽

Mohammad Isa Mohamadin ◽

Milla-Armila Asli ◽

Bebe Norlita Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Living Organism ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Chemical Oxidation

Heavy metal ions contamination has become more serious which is caused by the releasing of toxic water from industrial area and landfill that are very harmful to all living organism especially human and can even cause death if contaminated in small amount of heavy metal concentration. Currently, peoples are using classic method namely electrochemical treatment, chemical oxidation/reduction, chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis to eliminate the metal ions from toxic water. Unfortunately, these methods are costly and not environmentally friendly as compared to bioadsorption method, where agricultural waste is used as biosorbent to remove heavy metals. Two types of agricultural waste used in this research namely oil palm mesocarp fiber (Elaesis guineensis sp.) (OPMF) and mangrove bark (Rhizophora apiculate sp.) (MB) biomass. Through chemical treatment, the removal efficiency was found to improve. The removal efficiency is examined based on four specification namely dosage, of biosorbent to adsorb four types of metals ion explicitly nickel, lead, copper, and chromium. The research has found that the removal efficiency of MB was lower than OPMF; whereas, the multiple metals ions removal efficiency decreased in the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cr2+.

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THE MECHANISM OF NITRATES TRANSFORMATION IN THE PROCESSES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL WATERS

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2002.034 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 341-346

Author(s):

Viorica Iambartev ◽

Gheorghe Duca ◽

Maria Gonta ◽

Vera Matveevici

Keyword(s):

Natural Waters ◽

Electrochemical Treatment

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ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF MUSTARD WASTEWATER USING CARBON PAPER ELECTRODE

Environmental Engineering and Management Journal ◽

10.30638/eemj.2011.112 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 813-817

Author(s):

Qiang He ◽

Hainan Ai ◽

Hongxiang Chai ◽

Xuebin Hu ◽

Tengrui Long

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Carbon Paper

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Modern devices for treatment of the surgeon’s hands and the surgical field (literature review)

Disinfection affairs ◽

10.35411/2076-457x-2020-4-41-50 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

Artem Mikhailovich Morozov ◽

◽

Alexey Nikolaevich Sergeev ◽

Gennady Alexandrovich Dubatolov ◽

Nikolay Alexandrovich Sergeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Surgical Infection ◽

Operating Field ◽

Functional Additives ◽

Literary Sources ◽

Film Forming ◽

Key Points ◽

Surgical Field ◽

Ammonium Compounds ◽

Active Substances

The aim – analyze modern Russian and foreign literary sources in order to determine modern means for treating the hands of the surgeon and the operating field. Results. One of the key points in the prevention of surgical infection is the treatment of the surgeon’s hands and the operating field with effective skin antiseptics in order to destroy pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that colonize intact skin. In modern practice, skin antiseptics are predominantly used containing alcohols as active substances, in particular ethyl, propyl and isopropyl, halogenated substances such as iodine and iodophores, guanidines, which include chlorhexidine digluconate, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds. Moreover, the most widespread are combined preparations containing several active substances and functional additives, which makes it possible to neutralize the negative properties of various active substances. Also, an interesting and promising direction is the use of polymer operating films or film-forming antiseptics. Currently, research is being actively carried out aimed at finding and developing modern highly effective antiseptic agents and their rational combinations that meet the necessary requirements, are optimal in their properties, cost-effective and comfortable to use.

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