Fire Extinguishing Agents, Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Liquid Concentration Partial Percentage

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Liquid Concentration ◽  
Film Forming

scholarly journals Study on Flame Retardancy and Mechanism of Talc Composite Foams

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Li ◽  
Ruisong Guo ◽  
Xiaodong Qian
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fuel Burning ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Improved Stability

Under high temperature, aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent has poor flame retardancy and low fire efficiency. In order to solve this problem, talc was introduced into foam to form composite foam. The fire resistance and fire extinguishing properties of the composite foam were studied. The results showed that talc composite foam had good flame retardant resistance. when the concentration of talc reached 40 g/100 ml, the 50% liquid separation time of the composite foam was 21.1 min. The fuel burning in the anti burning tank did not ignite the gasoline in the oil pan, and burned out at 51.5 min. It was related to the structure of composite foam and the properties of talc. Due to the introduction of talc, the viscosity of the composite foam increased. The network structure of composite foam was important to the improved stability of foam. Talc powder formed a dense layer covering the oil surface, which effectively isolated the oil from the air.

scholarly journals Preparation and Absorption Carbon Monoxide Properties of a Novel Flame Retardants Based Fire-Fighting Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Li ◽  
Ruisong Guo ◽  
Xiaodong Qian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Co Concentration

The toxicity of CO threatens the life of people in the fire site. In this study, flame retardants of nano magnesium hydroxide particles and water-soluble flame retardant 8124 are used to be mixed into the aqueous film forming fire extinguishing agent (AFFF). Smoke-suppressed fire extinguishing agent was prepared in Waring-Blender mixing cup and then stirred at 3,000 r/min for 5 min. The new extinguishing agent shows a good performance of absorption of CO and reducing the flue gas temperature. The concentration of CO was decreased below 131 ppm and flue gas temperature was basically kept below 40°C, which was 367 ppm and 83.1°C less than that in free-fire. Using new extinguishing agent can effectively reduce the harm to the trapped personnel and firemen in the fire site. It was of great significance. The harm of CO concentration below 131 ppm and flue gas temperature below 40°C was low. The time to reach the maximum CO concentration and the maximum flue gas temperature was delayed, which ensures that people have more time to escape. Even if there was not enough time to escape, people will not be seriously threatened.

scholarly journals Fire-extinguishing efficiency and environmental performance of foam for extinguishing a warehouse space with oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Degaev
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Hydrocarbon Flames ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fuel Layer ◽  
Film Forming

This article analyzes the fire extinguishing efficiency of hydrocarbon and fluorinated film-forming foaming agent. It was revealed that fluorinated blowing agents have a number of significant advantages over hydrocarbon. The main ones are: ensuring inertness when feeding from foam of various heights and distances, long-term prevention of reignition, extinguished petroleum product, the possibility of extinguishing hydrocarbon flames by supplying foam to the base of the tank, directly into the fuel layer.

scholarly journals Fire extinguishing efficiency of hydrocarbon and fluorinated film-forming foaming agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01064
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vlasov ◽  
Artem Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Hydrocarbon Flames ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fuel Layer ◽  
Film Forming

This article analyzes the fire extinguishing efficiency of hydrocarbon and fluorinated film-forming foaming agent. It was revealed that fluorinated blowing agents have a number of significant advantages over hydrocarbon. The main ones are: ensuring inertness when feeding from foam of various heights and distances, long-term prevention of reignition, extinguished petroleum product, the possibility of extinguishing hydrocarbon flames by supplying foam to the base of the tank, directly into the fuel layer

Clean Electron Microscope Substrate Films Used for Micrometeorite Collection and Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
D. M. Davies ◽  
R. Kemner ◽  
E. F. Fullam
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Film Specimen ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

All serious electron microscopists at one time or another have been concerned with the cleanliness and freedom from artifacts of thin film specimen support substrates. This is particularly important where there are relatively few particles of a sample to be found for study, as in the case of micrometeorite collections. For the deposition of such celestial garbage through the use of balloons, rockets, and aircraft, the thin film substrates must have not only all the attributes necessary for use in the electron microscope, but also be able to withstand rather wide temperature variations at high altitude, vibration and shock inherent in the collection vehicle's operation and occasionally an unscheduled violent landing.Nitrocellulose has been selected as a film forming material that meets these requirements yet lends itself to a relatively simple clean-up procedure to remove particulate contaminants. A 1% nitrocellulose solution is prepared by dissolving “Parlodion” in redistilled amyl acetate from which all moisture has been removed.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

Non-contact Sensor for Measurement of Liquid Concentration based on Quartz Oscillator

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsubasa Susa ◽  
Takeru Watanabe ◽  
Masayuki Sohgawa ◽  
Takashi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Oscillator ◽  
Liquid Concentration ◽  
Contact Sensor
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