Molecular Oscillation Technology: New Phenomenon to Reduce Emitter Clogging in Trickle Irrigation

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

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Comments on “A Trickle Irrigation System for Frequent Application of Nitrogen to Experimental Plots”

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600050052x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1121-1121

Author(s):

R. P. Bosshart ◽

L. T. Santo

Keyword(s):

Irrigation System ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Frequent Application ◽

Experimental Plots

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LYSIMETERS WITH RAINFALL AND SOIL WATER CONTROL

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1971.0006 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽

H. C. ASLYNG

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Drainage System ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Water Control ◽

Radiation Equipment ◽

Different Depths ◽

Growth Experiments

The lysimeter installation described comprises 36 concrete tanks each with a soil surface of 4 m2. The installation is useful for plant growth experiments under natural conditions involving different treatment combined with various controlled water supplies. The ground installation is at least 20 cm below the soil surface and tillage can be done with field implements. The lysimeter tanks are provided with a drainage system which can drain the soil at the bottom (100 cm depth) to a tension of up to 100 cm. A constant ground-water table at less than 100 cm soil depth can also be maintained. The soil moisture content at different depths is determined from an underground tunnel by use of gamma radiation equipment in metal tubes horizontally installed in the soil. Rainfall is prevented by a movable glass roof automatically operated and controlled by a special rain sensor. Water is applied to the soil surface with a special trickle irrigation system consisting of a set of plastic tubes for each lysimeter tank and controlled from the tunnel. Fertilizers in controlled amount can be applied with the irrigation water.

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JOINT INVERSION OF MULTI-CONFIGURATION ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASUREMENTS TO PREDICT SOIL WETTING PATTERNS DURING SURFACE TRICKLE IRRIGATION

10.4133/sageep.27-080 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Khan Z. Jadoon ◽

Davood Moghadas ◽

Aurangzeb Jadoon ◽

Samir K. Al-Mashharawi ◽

Thomas M. Missimer

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Induction ◽

Joint Inversion ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Soil Wetting

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Isolation and Analysis of Six timeless Alleles That Cause Short- or Long-Period Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/156.2.665 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 156 (2) ◽

pp. 665-675

Author(s):

Adrian Rothenfluh ◽

Marla Abodeely ◽

Jeffrey L Price ◽

Michael W Young

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Phase Response Curve ◽

Fixed Number ◽

Constant Darkness ◽

Genetic Screens ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Long Period ◽

Short Period ◽

Molecular Oscillation ◽

New Alleles

Abstract In genetic screens for Drosophila mutations affecting circadian locomotion rhythms, we have isolated six new alleles of the timeless (tim) gene. Two of these mutations cause short-period rhythms of 21–22 hr in constant darkness, and four result in long-period cycles of 26–28 hr. All alleles are semidominant. Studies of the genetic interactions of some of the tim alleles with period-altering period (per) mutations indicate that these interactions are close to multiplicative; a given allele changes the period length of the genetic background by a fixed percentage, rather than by a fixed number of hours. The timL1 allele was studied in molecular detail. The long behavioral period of timL1 is reflected in a lengthened molecular oscillation of per and tim RNA and protein levels. The lengthened period is partly caused by delayed nuclear translocation of TIML1 protein, shown directly by immunocytochemistry and indirectly by an analysis of the phase response curve of timL1 flies.

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