Improved Design Guidelines for Pipelines Subjected to Vertical Fault Movement in Dry Sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 04021056
Author(s):  
Paul Cugnetto ◽  
Dilan Robert ◽  
Mladenko Kajtaz
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Fault Movement ◽  
Vertical Fault ◽  
Dry Sand ◽  
Improved Design

scholarly journals An imroved design for ZVT DC-DC PWM converters with snubber assisted auxiliary switch

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
J. Russi ◽  
M. L. Martins ◽  
H. A. Gründling ◽  
H. Pinheiro ◽  
J. R. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Pwm Converters ◽  
Converter Design ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Auxiliary Circuit

This paper proposes an improved design to calculate the snubber auxiliary elements of ZVT DC-DC PWM converters with snubber assisted auxiliary switch. The proposed improved design guidelines are based on the reduction of the conduction losses through the auxiliary circuit. It is accomplished by the unique location of the turn-off snubber capacitor, which is shared by both active switches. By means of this improved design guidelines the converter efficiency can be increased. An efficiency comparative analysis is carried out and the experimental results, obtained from 1 kW, 100 kHz laboratory prototypes, show a relevant improvement in converter efficiency compared to the original converter design. In addition, experimental results also confirm that with the improved design the ZVT PWM converters with snubber assisted auxiliary switch can be competitive with ZVT PWM converters with constant auxiliary voltage source (True PWM ZVS pole).

Enhanced Design Guidelines for Interchange Loop Ramps

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (39) ◽  
pp. 20-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Torbic ◽  
Marcus A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Crash Prediction ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Lane Width ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this research was to develop improved design guidance for interchange loop ramps. Despite their long use, there is little research on the design, safety, and operational characteristics of loop ramps. An observational field study was conducted to investigate the relationship between speed and lane position of vehicles and design elements of the ramp proper, and differences in performance between single-lane and multi-lane loop ramps. An assessment was also undertaken to determine how well crash prediction methods in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) represent the safety performance of two ramp types with distinctly different geometrics: loop and diamond ramps. Based on the research results, recommendations regarding the design of the loop ramp proper, applicable at service interchanges are as follows: (a) for a given radius and design speed, recommended lane and shoulder widths for loop ramps are provided that are expected to induce speeds at or below the ramp design speed, result in similar levels of safety, and encourage drivers to stay within their intended travel lane; (b) regarding multi-lane loop ramps, outside lane widths of 12 ft for entrance ramps and 14 ft for exit ramps are sufficient to accommodate traffic comprised primarily of passenger vehicles, but if the outside lane is expected to accommodate moderate to high volumes of trucks, the outside lane width should be increased; and (c) when implementing the HSM ramp crash prediction methodology, calibration factors should be calculated separately for diamond and loop ramps.

scholarly journals The determination of the extent of faulting with application to the Long Beach earthquake*

1938 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Benioff
Keyword(s):  
Shear Waves ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Instrumental Method ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Fault Movement ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Vertical Fault ◽  
Lower Limits

Summary An instrumental method is described for the determination of the extent of faulting in a given earthquake which depends upon the early arrival of S. If the faulting velocity is known, the exact extent is determined; otherwise, only upper and lower limits are given. Conversely, if the extent of faulting is known from field or other evidence, the faulting velocity is determined. The development given refers to a vertical fault exhibiting horizontal displacement, or, more generally, to a fault in which the displacement is parallel to the direction of extension. When the displacement is perpendicular to the direction of extension, as in a simple vertical fault, the faulting impulse is propagated by shear waves. For this condition the shear waves from the end point can never arrive earlier than the wave from the focus. On the basis of these considerations an observed early arrival of S indicates that the source is a fault movement in which the displacement is parallel to the direction of extension. In general this would refer to a horizontal extension of fault slip, although for observers in the vicinity of the epicenter it could refer to a vertical fault movement originating in the depths and propagating upward. In applying this method to the Long Beach earthquake, the available evidence indicates that faulting extended from the focus approximately to Signal Hill, a distance of 27 km., with a faulting speed of approximately 4.2 km/sec.

scholarly journals The Significance of Biophilic Architecture in Perceived Restorativeness: Cases of Colonial Churches of Himachal Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Rai ◽  
Farhan Asim ◽  
Venu Shree
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Gothic Revival ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Relationship

Imperial rule in the Indian sub-continent led to the construction of several European styled churches in the late 19th and early 20th century. St. John in Wilderness, built in 1852 in Mcleod Ganj, and Christ Church built in 1857 in Shimla, are examples of the symposium of extensive natural richness and architectural imperialism carried under the name of ‘The Gothic Revival’. This paper presents a biophilic analysis of these two 19th century churches along with the responses from 238 visitors recorded on the perceived restorativeness scale’s four contributing factors Being Away, Fascination, Extent and Compatibility, to understand the relationship between the human perception of architecture and nature. The study concludes that St. John in Wilderness due to its close connection with nature has greater Perceived Restorativeness in comparison to the Christ Church. The contributing factors of high restorative quality are identified and highlighted so that improved design guidelines for religious buildings can be prepared for future references.

Guidelines for balancing the flow in extrusion dies: the influence of the material rheology

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rajkumar ◽  
L.L. Ferrás ◽  
C. Fernandes ◽  
Olga S. Carneiro ◽  
J. Miguel Nóbrega
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Surrogate Models ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Balanced Flow ◽  
Improved Design

Abstract In this work we present improved design guidelines to support the die designer activity, when searching for the flow channel geometry that allows the achievement of a balanced flow distribution, in complex profile extrusion dies. The proposed methodology relies on surrogate models, obtained through a detailed and extensive numerical study, carried out with the open source computational library OpenFOAM®, in which an appropriate numerical solver for the problems under study was implemented. The main contribution of this work is to further enlarge the applicability of the simplified design methodology (Rajkumar A, Ferrás LL, Fernandes C, Carneiro OS, Becker M, Nóbrega JM. Int. Polym. Proc. 2017, 32, 58–71.) previously proposed by this group for similar purposes, by considering the effect of processing parameters and material rheology. The sensitivity analyses performed showed that, among the studied parameters, the power-law exponent was the only one that affected the system behavior. Thus, the previous proposed surrogate models were modified to include the effect of this parameter. Verification studies performed for three geometries and different rheological and process parameters evidenced the effectiveness of the proposed simplified design methodology.

Development of an improved design methodology and front steering design guideline for small-wheel bicycles for better stability and performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
Milan Paudel ◽  
Fook Fah Yap
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Frame Design ◽  
Current Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Bicycle Design

The maneuverability and compactness of small-wheel and folding bicycles are greatly appreciated. Nonetheless, the performance of these small-wheel bicycles as compared to the big-wheel bicycles has always been questioned. They are often blamed for being less stable, wobbly, or twitchy. It is still unclear how the performance of the small-wheel bicycle designs can be improved. Both small- and big-wheel bicycles are designed with similar ergonomics; therefore, the focus has been on the front steering design. The steering design parameters of 91 big-wheel and 27 small-wheel bicycles were compared, bearing in mind the available front steering design guidelines to understand: (1) the influence of big-wheel bicycle’s frame design on small-wheel bicycles and (2) most common range of design parameters used in current bicycle designs. The analysis showed a strong influence of current big-wheel bicycle design practice on front frame parameter selection of small-wheel bicycles. Furthermore, the self-stability comparison over the most common design range confirmed the lesser stability in the current small-wheel bicycle designs at normal riding speed. However, it was also found that the lesser stability was not the result of small wheels per se, but rather owing to an inadequacy in the current design approach to addressing the complex influence of reducing wheel size and bicycle frame design on its stability and performance. Therefore, an improved design methodology was adopted by incorporating the bicycle dynamics into the current design approach and the front steering design guidelines for small-wheel bicycles have been developed. The guidelines contradict the current small-wheel bicycle design practice, as they recommend steeper headtube angles for small-wheel bicycles. The guidelines were validated with good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results on two prototype 20-inch-wheel bicycles having counter-intuitive steering geometry.

Design Heuristics For In-Crisis Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Miriam Binman
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Improved Design

Any interface designed for in-crisis users needs to address their state of mind and physiological arousal. However, to date no clear guidance exists for the specific needs of in-crisis users. An opportunity to redesign a regional domestic abuse website inspired us to adapt Nielsen’s 10 heuristics by including three heuristics for in-crisis users, specifically domestic abuse victims. Given the lack of research we used existing research to address users’ cognitive and motor processing impairments during high anxiety and arousal. To see how well current domestic abuse websites follow these heuristics, we evaluated a pseudo-randomly selected set of 98 domestic abuse helplines. The result showed overall poor results. Irrelevant information, poor readability, and failure to highlight crucial information were among the main contributors for the poor assessment. The data illustrates the need for improved design guidelines to create a safe and effective option for in-crisis users.

Modeling and Analysis of Thermal Damping in Heat Exchanger Tube Bundles

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Khushnood ◽  
Muhammad Afzaal Malik ◽  
Zaffar Muhammad Khan ◽  
Ayaz Khan ◽  
Qamar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Heat Exchanger Tube ◽  
Flow Induced Vibration ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Tube Bundles ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Exchanger Tube

Most structures and equipment used in nuclear power plant and process plant, such as reactor internals, fuel rods, steam generator tubes bundles, and process heat exchanger tube bundles etc., are subjected to Flow Induced Vibrations (FIV). Costly plant shutdowns have been the source of motivation for continuing studies on cross-flow induced vibration in these structures. Damping has been the target of various research attempts related to FIV in tube bundles. A recent research attempt has shown the usefulness of a phenomenon termed as “thermal damping”. The current paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of thermal damping in tube bundles subjected to cross-flow. It is expected that the present attempt will help in establishing improved design guidelines with respect to damping in tube bundles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document