Fuzzy Mathematical Model for Analysis of Rock Mass Displacements due to Open-Pit Mining

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wenxiu ◽  
Dai Lanfang ◽  
Zhao Shengtao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining

General concept of determining the parameters of non-mining walls of ultra-deep diamond deposits development open pits

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
I. V. Zyryanov ◽  
A. N. Akishev ◽  
I. B. Bokiy ◽  
N. M. Sherstyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Relaxation Coefficient

A specific feature of open pit mining of diamond deposits in Western Yakutia is the construction of the open pits in the zone of negative ambient temperatures, which includes thick permafrost rock mass, and which is at the same time complicated by the influence of cryogenic processes on deformation of pit wall benches. The paper presents the comparative analysis of strength characteristics in frozen and thawed rocks, stability of benches during mining, the general geomechanical approach to the determination of parameters of non-mining walls of the ultra-deep open pit diamond mines, and the parameters of nonmining walls and benches. Optimization of open pit wall configuration should primarily be based on the maximum utilization of the strength properties of frozen rocks in combination with the development of new approaches, calculation schemes and methods for assessing stability of open pit walls and benches of unconventional design, including the non-mining vertical benches. The main design characteristic that determines the parameters of open pit walls is the structural tectonic relaxation coefficient, which specifies the calculated value of cohesion in rock mass. For the diamond deposits, the values of the structural relaxation coefficient were obtained in a series of field tests and back calculations. Full-scale tests were carried out both during exploration operations in underground mines and in open pits. The accuracy of determining the values of the structural relaxation coefficient in the range of 0.085–0.11 is confirmed by the parameters of non-mining walls in an open pit mine 385–640 m deep, with overall slope angles of 38–55° and a steeper H 0.35–0.5 lower part having the slope angle of up to 70° with average strength characteristics of 7.85–11.84 MPa and the internal friction angle of 28.1–37.4°. Using the natural load-bearing capacity of rock mass to the full advantage, which the values of the structural relaxation coefficient of deposits show, allows optimization of open pit wall slope design and minimization of stripping operations.

scholarly journals Modelisation of fractured rock mass for open pit mining in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Viet Van Pham ◽  
Nam Xuan Bui ◽  
Hoa Thu Thi Le ◽  
Hai Thi Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Fractured Rock Mass ◽  
Mass Data

In open pit mining, besides the value of the minerals obtained, the cost of waste rock removal determines the efficiency of the mining operation. The paper introduces the rock mass data processing method and modelisation of fractured rock mass to serve the optimal calculation of technological stages in mining. This code is a discrete fracture network (DFN) code that couple geometrical block system construction based on modelisation stochastic with RESOBLOK simulations. The method of three-dimensional modeling (3D) of the fractured rock mass in the quarry is based on the rock mass data, the geometrical parameters of the open pit mine. From there, the rock mass simulation models were used in the analysis of the stability analysis of open pit benches, the optimization of the blast design parameters at overburden benches, project construction materials, and technology projects for block stone extraction. An application in some open pit mines such as quarries of Vietnam is presented.

scholarly journals Granulometric composition predicting models after explosion in open-pit mining

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Sergei Vokhmin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Fraction Yield

Introduction. Drilling and blasting operations are first in the workflow and significantly determine the economic efficiency of the entire mining and primary processing workflow in the enterprise. The cost of drilling and blasting operations is a significant part of total production costs of large mining companies. In this context, mining engineers today are facing a crucial technological problem, i.e. the reduction of the off-gauge fraction yield after the explosion. Research aims to develop the models which forecast the granulometric composition of the rock mass taken down as the original factor in reducing the economic waste of the entire workflow. Methodology. The parameters which influence the results of rock mass fragmentation and the techniques of rock mass granulometric composition forecasting in the course of drilling and blasting were analyzed. Results. The present paper gives a brief overview of the global mineral output; provides information on the extraction of key types of minerals (mineral fuel, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, and construction materials), as well as revenues derived from their sale. On the example of domestic companies, approaches to the issue of forecasting the off-gauge fraction yield after the explosion. Summary. Direction for future actions in creating the model forecasting rock mass yield of a certain fraction after the explosion.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rongxing He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Delin Song ◽  
Fengyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Depth

Continuous mining of metal deposits leads the overlying strata to move, deform, and collapse, which is particularly obvious when open-pit mining and underground mining are adjacent. Once the mining depth of the adjacent open-pit lags severely behind the underground, the ultimate underground mining depth needs to be studied before the surface deformation extends to the open-pit mining area. The numerical simulation and the mechanical model are applied to research the ultimate underground mining depth of the southeast mining area in the Gongchangling Iron mine. In the numerical simulation, the effect of granular rock is considered and the granular rock in the collapse pit is simplified as the degraded rock mass. The ultimate underground mining depth can be obtained by the values of the indicators of surface movement and deformation. In the mechanical model, the modified mechanical model for the progressive hanging wall caving is established based on Hoke’s conclusion, which considers the lateral pressure of the granular rock. Using the limiting equilibrium analysis, the relationship of the ultimate underground mining depth and the range of surface caving can be derived. The results show that the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical calculation of the modified mechanical model. The reason for this difference may be related to the assumption of the granular rock in the numerical simulation, which increases the resistance of granular rock to the deformation of rock mass. Therefore, the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the theoretical calculation is suggested. Meanwhile, the surface displacement monitoring is implemented to verify the reasonability of the ultimate underground mining depth. Monitoring results show that the indicators of surface deformation are below the critical value of dangerous movement when the underground is mined to the ultimate mining depth. The practice proves that the determination of the ultimate underground mining depth in this work can ensure the safety of the open-pit and underground synergetic mining.

Landslide stabilization experience in Urtui open pit mine

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
O. A. Isyanov ◽  
◽  
D. I. Ilderov ◽  
V. I. Suprun ◽  
S. A. Radchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Open Pit Mine ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Early Access

Instability of pit wall slopes is the most critical accident in open pit mining. The risk of damages to pit walls is proportional to the height of exposed surfaces and to the time of exposure. Among many factors governing pit wall stability, the major factor is geological structure and weakening zones in rock mass. Deformation processes are initiated in host rock mass of coal seams mostly because of undercutting of weak interlayers. Alongside with local undercutting, another cause of landslides is transition of coal mining from down-dip extraction to up-dip extraction. The sequence of mining and morphology of weak interlayers also have influence on initiation and evolution of deformations. The basic component of engineering solutions on pit wall stability control is optimization of mining sequence and methods of accessing working horizons in open pit mines. Large-scale deformation of Western and Southeastern pit walls in Urtui mine could be avoided using the optimized sequence of mining operations. For example, mining advance mostly along the curve of the Urtui centroclinal fold, with early access and destress of the eastern and, first of all, western wings of the fold could make it possible to evade from up-dip mining of coal seams and, as a consequence, to solve the major geomechanical problems in the open pit mine.

Mathematical modeling and fuzzy approach for disaster analysis on geo-spatial rock mass in open-pit mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 384-392
Author(s):  
Zhigang Deng ◽  
Longjiang Wang ◽  
Weijian Liu ◽  
Zhenwei Wang ◽  
Qiule E.
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Fuzzy Approach

scholarly journals Mathematical model and supporting algorithm to aid the sequencing and scheduling of mining with loading equipment allocation

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Arthur Andrade ◽  
Miguel Santoro ◽  
Giorgio de Tomi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Sequencing And Scheduling ◽  
Plant Capacity

This paper focuses on the sequencing and scheduling problem of open pit mining, with the allocation of loading equipment considering a medium-term horizon. This study considers the existence of a heterogeneous loading equipment fleet and two types of mineable material, namely ore or waste rock. For the mining of ore, the following requirements are taken under consideration: the mixture quality, a crusher, the processing plant capacity and a stockpile, called ROM stockpile. In this context, we present a mathematical model in mixed integer linear programming, supported by an algorithm that is responsible for moving the time horizon at each model run, aiming to generate mining orders resolved with optimality. Together, these orders describe the loading equipment mining plan.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Open-Pit Mining in the Vicinity of the Salt Dome (Bełchatów Lignite Deposit, Poland)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Marek Cała ◽  
Katarzyna Cyran ◽  
Joanna Jakóbczyk ◽  
Michał Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salt Dome ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Stability Conditions ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mass Behavior ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Wall Slope

The extraction of the Bełchatów lignite deposit located in the vicinity of the Dębina salt dome requires careful planning that considers the influence of mining projects on the slope and salt dome stability conditions. The instability problem is directly related to horizontal and vertical displacement, as well as the complex geological and mining conditions. These conditions are very unique with regard to the co-occurrence of the salt dome and lignite deposits in the same area, as well as the large scale of the pit wall slope. Thus, predicting rock mass behavior and ensuring the safety of mining operations are important issues. The presented analysis focused on the influence of long-term lignite extraction on the western pit wall slope of the Bełchatów field and the salt dome’s stability conditions. This study offers a comprehensive approach to a complex geotechnical problem defined by large-scale, complex geometry, and geological conditions. The rock mass behavior and stress conditions are simulated in numerical modelling. The results of the presented analysis will be useful not only for present mining activities but also for future developments related to post-mining and recultivation plans.

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