Collaborative International Research: Technology Transfer and Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Systems in Rural Communities of Bolivia

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith M. Ballard ◽  
Abigail R. Clarke ◽  
Afton Sather-Knutsen ◽  
Brian D. Barkdoll ◽  
James R. Mihelcic
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
International Research ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

scholarly journals Evaluation of Long-Term Wastewater Treatment Performances in Multi-Soil-Layering Systems in Small Rural Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Sato ◽  
Toshiyuki Wakatsuki ◽  
Noriko Iwashima ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Multi-soil-layering (MSL) wastewater treatment systems consist of soil units (soil mixture blocks, SMB) arranged in a brick-like pattern surrounded by permeable layers of zeolite or alternating particles of homogeneous sizes that allow for a high hydraulic loading rate. This study evaluated the performances of MSL systems that have been operating for 17 to 20 years in small rural communities. Even though 20 years had passed since this system was installed, high organic matter treatment performance continued. Nitrogen removal was higher than with conventional soil systems. Two of the MSL systems continued to show high phosphorus removal performances, whereas in the third system, the adsorbing capacity was relatively low, requiring further investigation. Treatment performances were largely dependent upon the structure of the MSL systems. It appeared that improving the structure to enhance the contact efficiency between the wastewater and the soil in SMB was important for enhancing treatment performances. The combined use of existing wastewater treatment systems with the MSL system was effective for preventing environmental pollution over a long period.

A review on full-scale decentralized wastewater treatment systems: techno-economical approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Kumar Singh ◽  
A. A. Kazmi ◽  
M. Starkl
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

As a solution to the shortcomings of centralized systems, over the last two decades large numbers of decentralized wastewater treatment plants of different technology types have been installed all over the world. This paper aims at deriving lessons learned from existing decentralized wastewater treatment plants that are relevant for smaller towns (and peri-urban areas) as well as rural communities in developing countries, such as India. Only full-scale implemented decentralized wastewater treatment systems are reviewed in terms of performance, land area requirement, capital cost, and operation and maintenance costs. The results are presented in tables comparing different technology types with respect to those parameters.

Farmers' needs for management, research and extension, and policy - findings of a farmers' workshop and their implications

1992 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A.F. Mcrae
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Business Objectives ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Farming Systems Research

Farmers' objectives, their circumstances and the constraints they face are central to any consideration of ways and means of improving farming systems. The management, research and extension, and policy needs of the farmers attending this workshop were diverse. This appeared to be linked with the (unexpected) degree of diversity in the business objectives and management structures on these farms. More formal research on these issues across the spectrum of farmers is required to ensure that research and technology transfer meet the industry's needs. Keywords farming systems, research, technology transfer, objectives

Optimization and Control Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Systems — Status, Trends and Needs

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract Based on discussions in workshop sessions, several recurring themes became evident with respect to the optimization and control of petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems to achieve effective removal of toxic contaminants. It was apparent that statistical process control (SPC) techniques are finding more widespread use and have been found to be effective. However, the implementation of real-time process control strategies in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems is in its infancy. Considerable effort will need to be expended to demonstrate the practicality of on-line sensors, and the utility of automated process control in petroleum refinery wastewater treatment systems. This paper provides a summary of the discussions held at the workshop.

The influence of currents on circular secondary clarifier performance and design

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Deininger ◽  
Frank W. Günthert ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Density currents in the deeper zones of clarifiers and currents in the clear water zone have a significant influence on clarifier performance. Measurements of flow velocity profiles were conducted in full-scale horizontally flown circular secondary clarifiers. Relations between the hydraulic load and the development of density currents could be detected. Those patterns are not taken into account in current design procedures. Stationary design approaches are mainly based on the overflow rate. Novel design methods based on the dynamic behavior of flow and density distribution in clarifiers are needed in order to improve the efficacy of wastewater treatment systems.

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