Aeration, Media, and Flow Rate Effects on the Ammonia Removal Performance of a Pilot Scale Continuous Up-Flow Filter

Ammonia removal was monitored in a waste stabilisation pond complex comprising ponds of different geometries and depths under two different operational regimes. It was found that a high degree of ammonia removal commenced in the secondary maturation ponds, with the highest removals occurring in the shallowest ponds as a consequence of improved aerobic conditions. The tertiary maturation ponds produced effluents with mean ammonia concentrations of < 5 mg N/l, the maximum permitted recommended by Brazilian environmental legislation for the discharge of effluents of wastewater treatment plants into surface waters. Ammonia removal in the secondary facultative and maturation ponds could be modelled using equations based on the volatilization mechanism proposed by Middlebrooks et al. (1982).

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Flow-rate effects in flow-reversal reactors: experiments, simulations and approximations

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00552-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 1135-1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Moshe Ben-Tullilah ◽

Einat Alajem ◽

Rina Gal ◽

Moshe Sheintuch

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Flow Reversal ◽

Rate Effects

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Technical Report: Novel Oil/Water Separator for Treatment of Oily Bilgewater

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.2000.37.2.111 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 37 (02) ◽

pp. 111-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jason A. Caplan ◽

Chris Newton ◽

Donald Kelemen

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Coast Guard ◽

Physical Separation ◽

Novel Device ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Separation Chamber ◽

Oil Water ◽

Fixed Film Bioreactor ◽

Stage 1

A novel device that combines physical separation methods with biotechnology to treat oily bilgewater is described. Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments were performed to examine the ability of this device, tradenamed PetroLiminator TM, to both separate free oil and biodegrade the dissolved or emulsified oil from shipboard bilgewater. Laboratory experiments were conducted to isolate and enrich bilge oil-degrading microorganisms. These microbes were grown in specially formulated liquid nutrients containing several hundred parts per million (ppm) of bilge oil as the sole carbon source. These cultures were inoculated into a laboratory-scale aqueous fixed-film bioreactor for determination of the required flow rate (i.e., hydraulic retention time) to remove ⋜99% of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the bilgewater. This information was incorporated into the design and operation of a 500 gal pilot-scale bioreactor installed aboard the 700 ft Cape Lobos MARAD motor vessel. The bioreactor was operated for 70 days processing more than 90 000 liters of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contaminated bilgewater. The average PHC concentration in the untreated influent was 70 to 90 ppm. The TPH levels in all treated effluent samples analyzed were well below 15 ppm, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) limit for legal overboard discharge. In fact, the removal efficiencies for the system were greater than 99% with no operational or maintenance problems noted. A newer model was developed that incorporated a physical separation chamber (Stage 1) upstream of the bioreactor chamber (Stage 2) in order to minimize the oil load to the microbes. A series of tests was conducted that closely mimicked the USCG tests for oil/water separators (OWS). The results were dramatic. The PHC levels in the effluent were below 15 ppm in all samples analyzed for the specified flow rate. Based on these data, it is estimated that the subject system with a footprint of 6 × 5 × 5 ft (L × W× H) is able to treat up to 86 000 gal of oily bilgewater per month. This system was USCG and IMO approved in January 2000.

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Gap Size and Cooling Flow Rate Effects on Tip Flow of Gas Turbine Blade

International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines ◽

10.1515/tjj-2012-0022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Teloxa ◽

F. Carrillo ◽

C. Bolaina ◽

C. A. Varela ◽

F. Z. Sierra

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Turbine Blade ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Gap Size ◽

Gas Turbine Blade ◽

Cooling Flow ◽

Rate Effects

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Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using a Packed Bio-tower Approach

Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology ◽

10.9734/ajee/2020/v13i230179 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-50

Author(s):

Klaus Doelle ◽

Qian Wang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Continuous Operation ◽

Growth Media ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Tower System

The study tested a designed and built pilot scale packed bio-tower system under continuous operation using pre-clarified municipal wastewater. Performance was evaluated by measuring the removal of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen ammonia. The pilot scale packed bio-tower system had a diameter of 1209 mm (4 ft.) and a height of 3,962 mm (13 ft.) and contained Bentwood CF-1900 bacteria growth media with a surface area of 6,028.80 ft² (560.09 m²). The municipal residential sewage was fed into a 1,481 l (375 gal.) recirculation reservoir at a temperature of 15°C (59.0°F) and a flow rate between 7,571 l/d (2000 gal/d) and 90,850 l/d (24,000 gal/d) and recirculated through the bio-tower with a fixed recirculation rate of 75.7 l/min (20 gal/min). The influent COD value reduction achieved is between 63.4% and 84.8%, whereas the COD influent value varied between 87 mg/l and 140 mg/l. The influent NH3-N reduction achieved was between 99.8% and 91.8% whereas the influent NH3-N value was between 28.8 mg/l and 18.6 mg/l at a flow rate between 7571 l/d (2000 gal/d) and 90,850 l/d (24,000 gal/d).

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Application of PLC-Based Automatic Control System in a Pilot-Scale Anoxic/Anaerobic/Aerobic/Pre-Anoxic -MBR Plant

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2092 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 524-527 ◽

pp. 2092-2096

Author(s):

Xiang Hu ◽

Li Xie ◽

Bo Chen ◽

Ho Jae Shim ◽

Qi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Automatic Control ◽

Automatic Control System ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

Pid Algorithm ◽

Nutrient Removal Efficiency ◽

Intelligent Pid ◽

Do Concentration

In this paper, in order to ensure stable and efficient operation of a pilot-scale modified A2/O (anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic/pre-anoxic) -MBR plant, the automatic control system based on PLC is designed and introduced from the views of system configuration and unit control methods. The master computer undertakes the monitoring and managing task by Siemens WINCC 7.0 configuring software, while the slave computer implements the function of data collection and automatic control based on Siemens S7-300 PLC. Intelligent PID algorithm is utilized to precisely control the influent flow rate, recycled flow rate and DO concentration in aerobic tank in this system. The commissioning and operation practice has proved that the PLC-based automatic control system greatly improved the degree of automation and achieved high nutrient removal efficiency in this plant.

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