Laboratory and Field Trials for Deep Dry Soil Mixing to Stabilize a Live Railway Embankment Across Thrandeston Bog

This chapter aims to analyze the rice production system at the Baixo Mondego Valley to understand the main concerns. Field research and field trials were carried out to analyze rice production, marketing systems, and different irrigation alternatives. An analysis on the worries was made, and a correlational attempt was done. The results show a production system oriented by agri-environmental policies. The problems related with rice irrigation are water scarcity, environmental impacts on water quality, agroecosystems, and methane emissions. To reduce water demand, the alternate wetting and drying flooding method, and the improvement of the precise land levelling were studied on the scope of MEDWATERICE Project. About 12-14% of water saving was observed, with impact on production lower than 3.5%, allowing period of 11-19 days of dry soil, expecting positive implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Innovation in the irrigation system may help to reduce some of the farmers' concerns and help to better adapt this crop to the new needs of agriculture in terms of environmental competitiveness.

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Influence of Simulated Rainfall and Soil Moisture on Herbicidal Activity of Cinmethylin

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500056514 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven G. Russell ◽

Thomas J. Monaco ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Field Trials ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Prickly Sida

Field trials were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effects of moisture on herbicidal activity of cinmethylin applied preemergence at 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ai ha to both dry and moist sandy loam soil. Herbicide application was followed by varying amounts of irrigation. Weed species included velvetleaf, prickly sida, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass. When cinmethylin was applied to a moist soil or when 2.5 cm of irrigation was applied 5 days after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, overall weed control was reduced. Optimum weed control resulted from cinmethylin application to dry soil followed either by a 2.5-cm irrigation within 8 h or a 7.6-cm irrigation within 36 h.

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Experiences of dry soil mixing in highly organic soils

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement ◽

10.1680/grim.2012.165.1.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Martin J. Timoney ◽

Bryan A. McCabe ◽

Alan L. Bell

Keyword(s):

Organic Soils ◽

Soil Mixing ◽

Dry Soil

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Unique Use of Dry Soil Mixing Creates Stable Levee Conditions along the IHNC

Grouting and Deep Mixing 2012 ◽

10.1061/9780784412350.0047 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis W. Boehm ◽

Billy Fisher ◽

Eddie Templeton

Keyword(s):

Soil Mixing ◽

Dry Soil

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Quality Assessment of Dry Soil Mixing Columns in Soft Soil Areas of Eastern China

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11219957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 9957

Author(s):

Huangsong Pan ◽

Guangyin Du ◽

Han Xia ◽

Haiyuan Wang ◽

Da Qin

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Eastern China ◽

Test Results ◽

Soil Mixing ◽

Laboratory Test Results ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Soft Soil Area ◽

Soil Area

To investigate the quality of dry soil mixing (DSM) columns in different soft soil areas of east China, a large number of laboratory test results and field test results of DSM columns were collected and analyzed statistically. Furthermore, a quality assessment method for DSM columns is proposed in this paper. The hardness description (HD), standard penetration test (SPT), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and soil-cement column quality designation (SCQD) are used as assessment indexes. The statistical analysis showed that the test results of SPT, UCS, and SCQD were scattered, particularly in shallow ground. The mean values of the SPT blow count, UCS, and SCQD of the DSM columns decreased with depth: the greater the depth, the worse the quality of DSM columns. The quality assessment results showed that the proportion of the great quality columns was 64.84%, and the proportion of the unqualified columns was 1.4%. The proportion of DSM columns with great quality in the lagoon soft soil area was greater than in other areas. The proportion of unqualified columns in the lacustrine soft soil area was the largest. For all soft soil areas, the proportions of great quality, good quality, general quality, and unqualified soil decreased in that order. The quality assessment of 8627 DSM columns showed the proportions of great quality and unqualified were 64.84% and 1.4%, respectively. It was found that the greater the depth of the DSM column, the more unqualified DSM columns, and the more difficult it was to control the quality of DSM columns.

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Influence of Soil Moisture on Phytotoxicity of Cinmethylin to Various Crops

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500073136 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 402-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven G. Russell ◽

Thomas J. Monaco ◽

Jerome B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Plant Species ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Field Trials ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Moist Soil ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Dry Soil

Field trials were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to determine the effects of moisture on cinmethylin activity. The herbicide was applied preemergence at rates of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ai ha−1to both dry and moist sandy loam soil, followed by varying irrigation regimes. Plant species used in the study included soybean, snap bean, cotton, peanut, and cucumber. Peanut was the most tolerant to cinmethylin, followed by cotton, soybean, snap bean, and cucumber. When cinmethylin was applied to a moist soil, less crop injury resulted than when it was applied to a dry soil. If 7.6 cm of water was applied shortly after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, severe crop injury occurred. When 2.5 cm of irrigation was applied within 8 h or at 5 days after cinmethylin application to a dry soil, crop injury was reduced when compared to applying 7.6 cm irrigation.

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Performance and Soil Persistence of Chlorsulfuron when Used for Wheat Production in Spain

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500051468 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 546-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mercedes Royuela ◽

Alberto Muñoz-Rueda ◽

Carmen Gonzalez-Murua

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Field Trials ◽

Grain Number ◽

Soil Persistence ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Excellent Control ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Very High ◽

Residual Problem

Chlorsulfuron was preemergence applied in field trials at La Coruña, Spain, at rates from 5 to 30 g ai ha−1(1987–88) and from 5 to 100 g ai ha−1(1988–89) for weed control in winter and spring wheat. Excellent control of broadleaf weeds was obtained in both; however, narrowleaf control at the last evaluation (heading) was poor. Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha−1did not cause a residual problem in 1987–88, with only 0.24 μg kg−1of dry soil recovered after both a winter and spring wheat cropping season. However, chlorsulfuron persistence at the same rate was very high in the dry year 1988–89, with 0.43 μg kg−1and 0.53 μg kg−1recovered in winter and spring wheat, respectively. ‘Cardeno’ spring wheat showed no phytotoxic symptom at any rate of chlorsulfuron from 5 to 100 g ha−1. Its yield and yield components (spikes m−2, grain number spike−1, grain weight) were greater with all chlorsulfuron rates, but not in ‘Fiel’ winter wheat for rates of 30 g ha−1or higher.

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