Mechanism of the linear electro-optic effect in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals

Crystals of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate family in their paraelectric phase belong to point group \overline 4 2m, which allows for natural optical activity and electric field-induced optical activity related to the linear and nonlinear electrogyration effects. This work presents a theoretical analysis of the influence of these effects on measurements of the linear, quadratic and fourth-order electro-optic coefficients. Both the polarimetric technique and a method based on Michelson interferometry are considered. A number of configurations of the light path and the electric field directions were analyzed, and it was found that the influence, when it appears, is usually negligibly small. Thus, no previously reported experimental data need a new interpretation. However, in future measurements of some effective coefficients of the quadratic electro-optic effect using the dynamic polarimetric technique, the contribution of the quadratic electrogyration may no longer be negligible after improving the resolution from 10−21to 10−22 m2 V−2. This work also shows that the quadratic electrogyration described by the β31coefficient may be decoupled from the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects in measurements performed by the polarimetric method.

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Measurement of quadratic electrogyration effect in KDP crystals for light propagating along the optical axis

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576719000074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 158-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marek Izdebski

Keyword(s):

Optical Axis ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Measurement Procedure ◽

Measuring System ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Kdp Crystal ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Lock In

In this paper, a method of measuring the β31 coefficient of the quadratic electrogyration effect in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)-type crystals is proposed. It is shown that this very weak effect can be decoupled from other stronger effects occurring simultaneously in the real measuring system, even when small inaccuracies in crystal cutting and alignment are taken into account. Theoretical and numerical analyses are illustrated by experimental data obtained for the KDP crystal. High sensitivity, which is required for successful measurements at room and higher temperatures, has been achieved by using the polarimetric method for a light beam propagating along the optical axis of the crystal in combination with the lock-in technique and a new measurement procedure that compensates for the contribution of other effects such as electro-optic effects, natural birefringence and dichroism. It was found that the β31 coefficient measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm decreases linearly from 2.53 × 10−21 m2 V−2 at a temperature of 298 K to 2.08 × 10−21 m2 V−2 at 343 K.

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Optical rectification in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and quartz

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1967.0133 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 299 (1457) ◽

pp. 238-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Keyword(s):

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Optical Rectification ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen ◽

Yield Information ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Temperature Dependences ◽

Relative Measurements ◽

Improved Accuracy

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) and quartz each have two independent, nonzero, optical rectification coefficients. Measurements of various ratios among these coefficients are described. The uncertainty of ± 6%, achieved in the most favourable case, represents improvement by a factor of 8 over previous relative measurements of optical rectification coefficients by Bass, Franken & Ward (1965). The signs of the coefficients are determined directly for the first time. Improved accuracy makes possible a more stringent test of the theoretical relation between linear electro-optic and optical rectification coefficients which was pointed out by Armstrong, Bloembergen, Ducuing & Pershan (1962) and studied in more detail by Ward & Franken (1964). The data for NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and KH 2 PO 4 are consistent with this relation. It is thought that apparent discrepancies in the case of quartz, where the data are less accurate, are probably explained otherwise than by the breakdown of the relation. The temperature dependences in the range +20 to —120°C of both optical rectification coefficients in KH 2 PO 4 are investigated and interpreted in terms of local field factors. Optical rectification data and other data from the literature for NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 and quartz are discussed in relation to Kleinman’s symmetry conditions and quantum mechanical expressions for the nonlinear coefficients to yield information on the nature of the underlying processes.

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Electro-Optic Characteristics of a Cooled Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1143/jjap.49.042602 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 042602 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yasuki Takeuchi ◽

Akira Yoshida ◽

Shigeki Tokita ◽

Masayuki Fujita ◽

Junji Kawanaka

Keyword(s):

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen ◽

Electro Optic

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Modeling the Impact of Flow Modulation on Surface Structure during the Growth of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Single Crystals from Solution

International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering ◽

10.1615/intjmultcompeng.v6.i6.60 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 585-601

Author(s):

Igal Rasin ◽

Simon Brandon ◽

Oleg Weinstein

Keyword(s):

Surface Structure ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen ◽

Flow Modulation ◽

The Impact

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Optical Absorption Spectra of Vanadyl Ion (Impurities) in Three Host Crystal Compounds

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1985-1116 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 1164-1166

Author(s):

O. P. Agarwal ◽

Prem Chand

Keyword(s):

Optical Absorption ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Optical Data ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Host Crystal ◽

Optical Absorption Study ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen ◽

Vanadyl Complexes ◽

Vanadyl Ion ◽

Magnesium Ammonium

Results of the optical absorption study of vanadyl ion doped in magnesium ammonium sulphate hexahydrate, rubidium sulphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals at RT are reported. The nature of optical bands suggests a C4v symmetry of the Vanadyl complexes in conformity with the EPR results. Powder EPR data and optical data are correlated to obtain the MO coefficients.

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The Strain Rate Sensitivity and Creep Behavior for the Tripler Plane of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal by Nanoindentation

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12040369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 369

Author(s):

Jianhui Mao ◽

Wenjun Liu ◽

Dongfang Li ◽

Chenkai Zhang ◽

Yi Ma

Keyword(s):

Strain Rate ◽

Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽

Creep Deformation ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Rate Sensitivity ◽

Dislocation Nucleation ◽

Machining Process ◽

Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽

Potassium Dihydrogen ◽

Kdp Crystals

As an excellent multifunctional single crystal, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is a well-known, difficult-to-process material for its soft-brittle and deliquescent nature. The surface mechanical properties are critical to the machining process; however, the characteristics of deformation behavior for KDP crystals have not been well studied. In this work, the strain rate effect on hardness was investigated on the mechanically polished tripler plane of a KDP crystal relying on nanoindentation technology. By increasing the strain rate from 0.001 to 0.1 s−1, hardness increased from 1.67 to 2.07 GPa. Hence, the strain rate sensitivity was determined as 0.053, and the activation volume of dislocation nucleation was 169 Å3. Based on the constant load-holding method, creep deformation was studied at various holding depths at room temperature. Under the spherical tip, creep deformation could be greatly enhanced with increasing holding depth, which was mainly due to the enlarged holding strain. Under the self-similar Berkovich indenter, creep strain could be reduced at a deeper location. Such an indentation size effect on creep deformation was firstly reported for KDP crystals. The strain rate sensitivity of the steady-state creep flow was estimated, and the creep mechanism was qualitatively discussed.

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