scholarly journals The potential of palm kernel shell activated carbon as an adsorbent for β-carotene recovery from crude palm oil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Sri Raharjo ◽  
Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Purnama Darmadji
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals ADSORPSI β-KAROTEN YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Irvan ◽  
Olyvia Putri Wardhani ◽  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Β Carotene

Crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest natural source of carotenoids which gives the reddish-orange color in crude palm oil. The reddish color in  unprocessed palm oil is disliked by consumer. This research is aimed to adsorb the β–carotene from the CPO using activated carbon, then the kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamics data of the adsorption process were obtained. The main materials used in this research were CPO and activated carbon. The observed parameters were final concentration  and the amounts of adsorbed β–carotene in activated carbon. The adsorption process was conducted by mixing the adsorbent with CPO with the variation of adsorbent: CPO (w/w) ratio = 1 : 3; 1 : 4; 1 : 5 and 1 : 6 with mixing  speed 120 rpm and the temperature of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The sample of CPO and activated carbon was analyzed at every 2 minutes until the equilibrium was achieved. The final concentration of the unadsorbed β–carotene was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the more CPO used in the process, the lower the adsorption percentage. The higher the adsorption temperature, the higher  adsorption percentage. Moreover, the maximum adsorption percentage was 95.108%  obtained at ratio 1 : 3 and T = 60 oC. The adsorption isotherm model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption at T = 60 oC was Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient of 0.959. The adsorption kinetics model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption was the second order kinetics model with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The value of free energy Gibbs (ΔG) = -24,482.484 ; -24,708.059 and -24,933.634 J/mol for each temperature respectively, value of entropy changes (ΔS) = 22.557 J/mol K, and value of enthalpy changes (ΔH) = -17,421.987 J/mol.

Application of Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon for the Removal of Pollutant and Color in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
NorFaizah Jalani ◽  
AstimarAbdul Aziz ◽  
NoorshamsianaAbdul Wahab ◽  
WanHasamudin Wan Hassan ◽  
NahrulHayawin Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

scholarly journals Adsorption of β-Carotene in Isopropyl Alcohol with Decolorized Activated Carbon as Model for β-Carotene Adsorption in Crude Palm Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Sri Raharjo ◽  
Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Purnama Darmadji
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Isotherm Study ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Β Carotene

The objective of this research was to characterize the porosity of decolorized activated carbon (DAC) and its ability to adsorb β-carotene as a preliminary study to characterize activated carbon as an adsorbent to adsorb carotene from crude palm oil. The capability of DAC to adsorb β-carotene was studied using isopropyl alcohol as a solvent in equilibrium conditions. The adsorption time was specified for 0.5 to 60 min, while the DAC optimum concentration for adsorption of β-carotene was determined at a concentration of 0.5 to 2.5%. Adsorption isotherm study was conducted for a β-carotene concentration of 100 to 500 ppm and at temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C at equilibrium time and DAC optimum concentration. The results showed that the DAC had a surface area of 1068.391 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.952 cc/g, mesopore volume of 0.528 cc/g (55.4%) and mesopore radius of 15.26 Å. Based on the levels of β-carotene adsorbed onto the DAC, the equilibrium was reached after adsorption of 5 min. Decolorized activated carbon with a concentration of 1.5% was able to adsorb β-carotene optimally. Adsorption of β-carotene at 40 °C for 60 min according to Freundlich models with the intensity of adsorption of 1.002 and adsorption capacity of 63.358 L/mg. While the adsorption of β-carotene at 50 °C for 60 min in accordance with the model of Langmuir, the adsorption capacity of 33.206 mg/g and the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.721 L/mg.

scholarly journals Contents and Utilization of Palm Oil Fruit Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 10148-10160
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Kernel Oil

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is a part of the family of Arecaceae, which originated from West Africa. Oil palm can be grown in the tropics of Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Palm oil produces two types of oil: Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). Indonesia’s CPO production reaches 49 million tonnes in 2020. This production produces around 35-40% of waste. Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) is extracted into Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO), which produce waste such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Mesocarp Fiber (MF), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Palm Kernel Meal (PKM). Palm oil production increases every year, which causes the waste from the industry to increase too. Palm oil waste still has chemical content that is good enough to be utilized. The study was conducted online at Google Scholar and PubMed by reviewing literature from domestic and international journals and research reports. The results showed that each waste contains different content, including carbohydrates, protein, fat, lignin, cellulose, mannose, and others. This waste has also been used in various fields. This waste has also been used for livestock, fuel, and raw materials.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Production of Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra-Acetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon using Palm Kernel Shell for the Adsorption of Copper ion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Y. Yerima ◽  
I. Eiroboyi ◽  
I. Eiroboyi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Biomass-based activated carbon has received large attention due to its excellent characteristics such as inexpensiveness, good absorption behaviour, and potential to reduce strong dependence towards non-renewable precursors. The potential use of Palm Kernel Shell in modified activated carbon was evaluated by using the Response Surface Methodology. In this study, a 23 three-level Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to develop a statistical model for the optimization of process variables, contact time (10-130mins) X1, pH (5.0 – 8.0) X2, and adsorbent dose (0.4 -5.0g) X3. The investigation shows that Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra-Acetic Acid modified activated carbon prepared from Palm Kernel Shell is a promising adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions over a wide range of concentrations with an optimized efficiency of 99% at the solution pH of 7.2, contact time of 70 minutes and adsorbent dose of 2.1g/L. The adsorption results are in line with the linear and quadratic model representation, which is evident from the models for optimization of copper ions.

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