The effect of two-stage pretreatment on the physical and chemical characteristic of oil palm empty fruit bunch for bioethanol production

Abstract. Yusra S, Hidayat C, Pranoto Y, Anwar C. 2020. Physical and chemical characteristics of stem starch and sheath flour from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). Biodiversitas 21: 896-902. Replanting old oil palm plantation with a new plant produces a large volume of cleared trees. Yet, the utilization of these by-products is still limited. The objective of this research was to explore and characterize the physicochemical properties of the oil palm stem starch (SS) and sheath flour (SF). SF and SS were extracted by a wet extraction method. Results showed that starch contents of SS and SF (after three times of washing) were 95.56±0.01% and 37.03 ± 0.72%, respectively. Amylose and amylopectin contents of SS were higher than that of sheath starch. Besides, SF contained high protein (19.28% db) and lipid (9.27% db). Protein was also confirmed by FTIR analysis. SF also contained polyphenol. The starch granular was smooth with a clean surface. The granules of SF are classified as very small granules (2-5 µm) while those of SS as small to medium granules (5-25 µm). Polymorph analysis showed that SF and SS had a type-C and B-type, respectively. SF did not have pasting temperature due to the presence of lipid, protein, and polyphenol. Washing of the flour with water decreased protein, lipid and ash contents. It resulted in a decrease in yield about 1.8 times. SS has a pasting temperature of about 71.55°C. Paste viscosity reached a maximum of about 5707 cps. In conclusion, SS that had high viscosity may be used as a thickener and SF may be used for a source of the modified starch to produce such as dextrin and glucose syrup.

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Effects of Various Pretreatment Variables on Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose to Produce Sugar in Bioethanol Production

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.141 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 890 ◽

pp. 141-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akida Mulyaningtyas ◽

Fitri Nur Kayati ◽

Siti Syamsiah ◽

Sarto ◽

Wahyudi Budi Sediawan

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Hot Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Pretreatment Condition ◽

Several Variables ◽

Hydrolysis Of

This research intends to explore the effect of pretreatment on lignoselulose to be used as raw material for bioethanol production. Pretreatment prepares lignocellulose compounds to be more easily hydrolyzed. Several variables were tested on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) i.e. temperature, NaOH concentration, and particle size. According to the method of size reduction, there are two types of pretreatment which were milling and cutting. The first pretreatment type consisted of milling and screening resulting -+10-30, -30+40, -40+80, and-80 mesh. Each size fractions were then soaked in water at 90 °C for 2 hours. Meanwhile the second type consisted of cutting to 1 cm length followed by soaking in NaOH solutions for 2 hours. The operating temperatures at the second type were varied at 90 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, 170 °C while the NaOH concentrations applied were 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%.The pretreated OPEFB was then hydrolyzed using cellulase produced by Aspergillusniger grown in situ. It was revealed that the relatively good pretreatment condition was milling to-80 mesh followed by soaking in hot water at 90 °C. It gave the highest produced sugar concentration at 15 g/L while other type resulted only 5.8 g/L.

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Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Ca-alginate for bioethanol production from empty fruit bunch of oil palm

10.1063/1.4973143 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joko Waluyo ◽

Dian Burhani ◽

Nurul Hikmah ◽

Yanni Sudiyani

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Ca Alginate

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KONVERSI SELULOSA TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT (TKS) MENJADI ETANOL

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v4i01.50 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Rakhman Sarwono ◽

Eka Triwahyuni ◽

Yosi Aristiawan ◽

Hendris Hendarsyah Kurniawan ◽

Trisanti Anindyawati

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Enzymatic Saccharification ◽

Raw Material ◽

Energy Crisis ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Rapid Conversion

A serious global energy crisis is thought to be originated from the imbalance rapid consumption and the non-renewable nature of the fossil fuels. A potential, yet promising route for diminising this problem might involve rapid conversion of organic waste and biomass into fuels as an alternative. Oil-palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the waste from the oil palm plantation which abundant amount of lignocellulosic EFB biomass. EFB biomass was used as raw material of the second generation of bioethanol production. EFB was converted into ethanol through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation simultaneously. Cellulose waste was then turned into glucose by enzymatic saccharification and finally fermented into ethanol. The experiment of 20 liter broth resulted in ethanol concentration of about 7.93% (w/w). Conversion of cellulose into glucose was about 60.02%, and conversion of glucose into ethanol was about 88.44%. Following distillation, ethanol of 1970 mL was obtained at a concentration of 63% (v/v).Keywords: EFB, saccharification, fermentation, glucose, ethanol ABSTRAKAdanya krisis energi minyak bumi secara global disebabkan oleh ketimpangan antara konsumsi dan produksi minyak bumi. Guna mengimbangi ketimpangan tersebut, maka dilakukan konversi limbah organik dan biomassa menjadi bahan bakar secara tepat dan cepat. Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) merupakan limbah dari perkebunan sawit yang melimpah jumlahnya. Penelitian etanol generasi kedua berbahan baku biomassa lignoselulosa dilakukan melalui proses sakarifikasi selulosa menjadi glukosa secara enzimatis dan fermentasi glukosa menjadi etanol. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari 20 liter hidrolisat didapat konsentrasi etanol sebesar 7,93% (b/b). Hasil konversi selulosa menjadi glukosa sebesar 60,02%, sedangkan konversi glukosa menjadi etanol sebesar 88,44%. Setelah dilakukan distilasi didapatkan etanol sebanyak 1970 mL dengan konsentrasi 63% (v/v).Kata kunci: TKS, sakarifikasi, fermentasi, glukosa, etanol

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INFLUENCE OF CARBONISATION TEMPERATURE ON THE SURFACE PORE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACID-TREATED OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH ACTIVATED CARBON

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v82.14598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Norhidayah Ahmad ◽

Naimah Ibrahim ◽

Phan Yun Fu ◽

Razi Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Micropore Volume ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Pore Characteristics ◽

No Removal ◽

Adsorbent Regeneration ◽

Physical And Chemical

Carbonisation process affects the surface physical and chemical properties of an activated carbon. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the influence of carbonisation temperature from 400 to 550°C during activation with 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on the surface pore characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) for nitric oxide (NO) removal from gas streams. Pore and morphological characterisation showed that EFB carbonised at 400°C (EFBC-400) is microporous and has a uniform pore structure with 98% micropore volume. Increasing carbonisation temperature resulted in pore enlargement from 2.8 to 4.7 nm and increment in pore heterogeneity and BET surface area from 215 to 759 m2/g. However, the NO breakthrough experiment indicated that EFBC-400 is more favourable for low-temperature NO removal, due to the importance of microporosity in adsorption of NO. Further study will look at the kinetics of NO removal and the adsorbent regeneration.

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EFFECT OF CO2-ADDED STEAM EXPLOSION ON OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2021.55.71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (7-8) ◽

pp. 839-847

Author(s):

EKA TRIWAHYUNI ◽

APIK KHAUTSART MIFTAH ◽

MURYANTO MURYANTO ◽

RONI MARYANA ◽

YANNI SUDIYANNI

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Steam Explosion ◽

Biomass Conversion ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Pore Area ◽

Ethanol Yields ◽

Impregnation Time

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding CO2 as an impregnation agent in steam explosion on oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) for bioethanol production. The influence of this treatment on the characteristics of EFB, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation of EFB was evaluated in this investigation. CO2-added steam explosion was conducted varying the CO2 impregnation time (0, 30, 60 min). The results showed that the addition of CO2 in steam explosion increased the surface area, pore area, and pore volume of EFB. Furthermore, this treatment enabled obtaining yields of glucose and ethanol of 84.14% and 56.01%, respectively, for 60 min CO2 impregnation time. These results were higher than the glucose and ethanol yields of the sample treated by conventional steam explosion, which reached 58.12% and 41.37%, respectively. The findings illustrate the possibility of applying CO2-added steam explosion (CO2SE) for increasing the efficiency of biomass conversion.

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