Sleep position and the use of soft bedding during bed sharing among African American infants at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome

Abstract Introduction The etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains an unsolved problem. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the potential association between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and SIDS risk. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies from accessible electronic databases. Each VNTR variant was examined in each gender independently by comparing with the pooled results of other alleles. Results A total of six independent case–control studies including 1022 SIDS cases and 1839 controls were enrolled in this meta-analysis. In both of the whole populations and Caucasian populations, male infants with the low-MAOA-expression alleles (2R+3R) were found to exhibit a statistically significant increased risk of SIDS, whereas those with a 4R allele exhibited a reduced risk of SIDS. Besides, an increased risk of SIDS was detected in male Caucasian infants with 2R or 3R alleles. However, none of the allele or genotype variants was associated with SIDS in female victims. Conclusion In male Caucasian infants, the low expression of MAOA promoter VNTR alleles (2R and 3R) is associated with an increased risk of SIDS, and the existence of the 4R allele could be regarded as a protective factor.

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Review: head covering is associated with increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome

Evidence-Based Medicine ◽

10.1136/ebm.14.2.58 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 58-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. J Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Head Covering

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Sleep Environment and the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in an Urban Population: The Chicago Infant Mortality Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.111.s1.1207 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 111 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 1207-1214 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Fern R. Hauck ◽

Stanislaw M. Herman ◽

Mark Donovan ◽

Solomon Iyasu ◽

Cathryn Merrick Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Bed Sharing ◽

Soft Surface ◽

Sleep Environment ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Hispanic White

Objective. To examine risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with the goal of reducing SIDS mortality among blacks, which continues to affect this group at twice the rate of whites. Methods. We analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of 260 SIDS deaths that occurred in Chicago between 1993 and 1996 and an equal number of matched living controls to determine the association between SIDS and factors in the sleep environment and other variables related to infant care. Results. The racial/ethnic composition of the study groups was 75.0% black; 13.1% Hispanic white; and 11.9% non-Hispanic white. Several factors related to the sleep environment during last sleep were associated with higher risk of SIDS: placement in the prone position (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–3.4), soft surface (OR: 5.1; 95% CI: 3.1–8.3), pillow use (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5–4.2), face and/or head covered with bedding (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3–4.6), bed sharing overall (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.8–4.2), bed sharing with parent(s) alone (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.1), and bed sharing in other combinations (OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 2.8–10.2). Pacifier use was associated with decreased risk (unadjusted OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.5), as was breastfeeding either ever (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.3) or currently (OR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1–0.4). In a multivariate model, several factors remained significant: prone sleep position, soft surface, pillow use, bed sharing other than with parent(s) alone, and not using a pacifier. Conclusions. To lower further the SIDS rate among black and other racial/ethnic groups, prone sleeping, the use of soft bedding and pillows, and some types of bed sharing should be reduced.

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Smoking and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.91.5.893 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 893-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. A. Mitchell ◽

R. P. K. Ford ◽

A. W. Stewart ◽

B. J. Taylor ◽

D. M. O. Becroft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽

Infant Death ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Wide Range ◽

Household Members ◽

Control Study

Objective. Maternal smoking has been shown to be a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The effect of smoking by the father and other household members has not previously been examined. Methods. A large nationwide case-control study. Four hundred eighty-five SIDS deaths in the postneonatal age group were compared with 1800 control infants. Results. Infants of mothers who smoked during pregnancy had a 4.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.28, 5.11) greater risk of death than infants of mothers who did not smoke. Infants of mothers who smoked postnatally also had an increased risk of SIDS compared with infants of nonsmokers and, furthermore, the risk increased with increasing levels of maternal smoking. Smoking by the father and other household members increased the risk (odds ratio [OR] = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.92, 3.02 and OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20, 1.99, respectively). Smoking by the father increased the risk of SIDS if the mother smoked, but had no effect if she did not smoke. In analyses controlled for a wide range of potential confounders, smoking by the mother and father was still significantly associated with an increased risk of SIDS. Conclusion. Passive tobacco smoking is causally related to SIDS.

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