The Pigeon's Discrimination of Movement Patterns (Lissajous Figures) and Contour-Dependent Rotational Invariance

Perception ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacky Emmerton
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Rotational Invariance ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Complex Motion ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Lissajous Figures ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Do So

The ability of pigeons to discriminate complex motion patterns was investigated with the aid of moving Lissajous figures. The pigeons successfully learned to differentiate two successively presented cyclic trajectories of a single moving dot. This suggests that they can recognize a movement Gestalt when information about shape is minimal. They also quickly learned a new discrimination between moving-outline stimuli with repetitively changing contour patterns. Contrasting results were obtained when the dot or outline stimuli were axis-rotated through 90°. Rotational invariance of pattern discrimination was clearly demonstrated only when moving contours were visible. Nevertheless, pigeons could discriminate the axis-orientation of a moving-dot or moving-outline pattern when trained to do so. Discrimination did not seem to depend on single parameters of motion but rather on the recognition of a temporally integrated movement Gestalt. The visual system of pigeons, as well as that of humans, may be well adapted to recognize the types of oscillatory movements that represent components of the motor behaviour shown by many living organisms.

scholarly journals Multi-frame super-resolution algorithm for complex motion patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 19850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kanaev ◽  
C. W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Super Resolution ◽  
Complex Motion ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Resolution Algorithm

scholarly journals Towards a Hylomorphic Solution to the Grounding Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 333-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Koslicki
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Kit Fine ◽  
The World ◽  
Grounding Problem ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Do So

AbstractConcrete particular objects (e.g. living organisms) figure saliently in our everyday experience as well as our in our scientific theorizing about the world. Ahylomorphicanalysis of concrete particular objects holds that these entities are, in some sense, compounds of matter (hūlē) and form (morphēoreidos). TheGrounding Problemasks why an object and its matter (e.g. a statue and the clay that constitutes it) can apparently differ with respect to certain of their properties (e.g. the clay's ability to survive being squashed, as compared to the statue's inability to do so), even though they are otherwise so much alike. In this paper, I argue that a hylomorphic analysis of concrete particular objects, in conjunction with a non-modal conception of essence of the type encountered for example in the works of Aristotle and Kit Fine, has the resources to yield a solution to the Grounding Problem.

Learning based Complex Motion Patterns Recognition for Pedestrian Dead Reckoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yarong Luo ◽  
Chi Guo ◽  
Jinteng Su ◽  
Wenfei Guo ◽  
Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Complex Motion ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Pedestrian Dead Reckoning

Population coding of motion patterns in the early visual system

2001 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wilke ◽  
Andreas Thiel ◽  
Christian Eurich ◽  
Martin Greschner ◽  
Markus Bongard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Population Coding ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Early Visual System

Information and Meaning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Learning ◽  
Bell Laboratory ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

Since the publication of Claude Shannon’s groundbreaking paper, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” in two parts in the Bell Laboratory journal in 1948, understanding and research concerning communication and information has received a technicized treatment. As biosemiotics has been at the forefront in arguing, all living organisms communicate, but they do not do so in the digital mode used in information technology (IT) engineering. Life communicates in inherited, evolutionary ways that are traceable from single cells all the way to complex humans. What IT engineers call “redundancy” those studying living organisms call “meaning.” The trade between individual organisms and their environment takes place in the circulation, interpretation, and feedback loops of semiosis. In this way, organisms are able to maintain the features of adaptive, creative, and evolutionary learning systems by modeling their worlds in open, receptive fashion via the use of iconic and indexical signs. In other words, organisms make use of natural, then cultural metaphors and metonyms.

scholarly journals Visual Acceleration Perception for Simple and Complex Motion Patterns

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Mueller ◽  
Brian Timney
Keyword(s):  
Complex Motion ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Visual Acceleration

scholarly journals Movement behavioral plasticity of benthic diatoms driven by optimal foraging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Si Hu ◽  
Mingji Huang ◽  
H. P. Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Wim Vyverman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Langevin Model ◽  
Living Organisms

ABSTRACTAdaptive locomotion of living organisms contributes to their competitive abilities and helps maintain their fitness in diverse environments. To date, however, our understanding of searching behavior and its ultimate cause remains poorly understood in ecology and biology. Here, we investigate motion patterns of biofilm-inhabiting marine raphid diatom Navicula arenaria var. rostellata in two-dimensional space. We report that individual Navicula cells display a “circular run-and-reversal” movement behavior at different concentrations of dissolved silicic acid (dSi). We show that gliding motions of cells can be predicted accurately with a universal Langevin model. Our experimental results are consistent with an optimal foraging strategy and a maximized diffusivity of the theoretical outcomes in which both circular-run and reversal behaviors are important ingredients. Our theoretical results suggest that the evolving movement behaviors of diatoms may be driven by optimization of searching behavioral strategy, and predicted behavioral parameters coincide with the experimental observations. These optimized movement behaviors are an evolutionarily stable strategy to cope with environmental complexity.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYNovel experiments and modelling reveal that raphid diatoms can actively exploit resources in complex environments by adjusting their movement behavior.

scholarly journals Mammals’ antimicrobial peptides: potential and limitations for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bernardes Baron ◽  
Nathália Franchon Marques Tejada ◽  
Fabiano Pinheiro da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
English Language ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Do So

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules produced by virtually all living organisms as a part of the innate immune system. They present a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against a myriad of microorganisms, but also anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumor effects, among others. Therefore, it was our objective to compile and analyze the current information about natural and synthetic AMPs, regarding their general mechanisms of action, potentials, and limitations for clinical use, especially for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Furthermore, we intended to briefly discuss new routes of administration and the emergence of bacterial resistance to AMPs. To do so, two databases, PubMed and Scopus, and the keywords “Staphylococcus aureus”, “antimicrobial peptide” and “novel antibiotics” were used, and the articles were filtered by the English language for the period between 2011 and 2016. We found that AMPs possess different properties, with characteristic antimicrobial activities and secondary effects. Moreover, we also pointed some modifications that could be used to design new AMPs and different routes of administration that could be used to improve AMP capacity or to adapt it to a specific purpose, such as preventing biofilm formation in catheters or treating a specific disease. On the other hand, they also present limitations that include: development of bacterial resistance, cytotoxicity, and reduced stability, sometimes lower efficacy when compared to the actual treatment, high costs of production and also some inconsistent results between articles, which we believe that may be related to differences in methods and/or strains of S. aureus investigated.

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