scholarly journals The Role of Facial Attractiveness and Facial Masculinity/Femininity in Sex Classification of Faces

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5154 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1459-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A Hoss ◽  
Jennifer L Ramsey ◽  
Angela M Griffin ◽  
Judith H Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

We tested whether adults (experiment 1) and 4–5-year-old children (experiment 2) identify the sex of highly attractive faces faster and more accurately than not very attractive faces in a reaction-time task. We also assessed whether facial masculinity/femininity facilitated identification of sex. Results showed that attractiveness facilitated adults' sex classification of both female and male faces and children's sex classification of female, but not male, faces. Moreover, attractiveness affected the speed and accuracy of sex classification independently of masculinity/femininity. High masculinity in male faces, but not high femininity in female faces, also facilitated sex classification for both adults and children. These findings provide important new data on how the facial cues of attractiveness and masculinity/femininity contribute to the task of sex classification and provide evidence for developmental differences in how adults and children use these cues. Additionally, these findings provide support for Langlois and Roggman's (1990 Psychological Science1 115–121) averageness theory of attractiveness.

Semantic memory is both impaired and anomalous in schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. H. Chen ◽  
A. J. Wilkins ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Normal Controls

SynopsisThe integrity of semantic memory in schizophrenia was examined in a reaction time task requiring subjects to verify words as members or non-members of a conceptual category, where the words differed in their degree of semantic relationship to the category. Compared to matched normal controls, 28 schizophrenic patients were impaired on the task, showing slower responses in all conditions. In addition, their performance was anomalous in that they took longest to respond to items that were outside the category but semantically related to it, in contrast to the controls who took the longest to respond to ambiguous words at the borderline of the category. The pattern of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ responses of the patients was anomalous in a similar way. In both speed and accuracy of responding, the findings indicate that there is an outward shift of semantic category boundaries in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Stop-Signal Reaction-Time Task Performance: Role of Prefrontal Cortex and Subthalamic Nucleus

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Eagle ◽  
C. Baunez ◽  
D. M. Hutcheson ◽  
O. Lehmann ◽  
A. P. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Time Task ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

Effects of Uncertainties of Time and Occurrence on Reaction Time of Mentally Handicapped Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Surburg
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Time Task

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of uncertainties of time and occurrence on reaction time of mildly handicapped students. 33 students were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: no catch-trials, 10% catch-trials, and 20% catch-trials. Randomly varied foreperiods of 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 sec. were used in a reaction time task. The role of catch-trials varied over four days of testing. Reaction times following 3.0- and 4.5-sec. were significantly faster than measurements following a 1.5-sec. foreperiod.

scholarly journals Priming to Promote Fluent Motor Skill Execution: Exploring Attentional Demands

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Adams ◽  
Kelly J. Ashford ◽  
Robin C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Attentional Demands ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Probe Reaction Time ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

The effect of priming on the speed and accuracy of skilled performance and on a probe-reaction time task designed to measure residual attentional capacity, was assessed. Twenty-four skilled soccer players completed a dribbling task under three prime conditions (fluency, skill-focus, and neutral) and a control condition. Results revealed changes in trial completion time and secondary task performance in line with successfully priming autonomous and skill-focused attention. Retention test data for task completion time and probe-reaction time indicated a linear decrease in the priming effect such that the effect was nonsignificant after 30 min. Results provide further support for the efficacy of priming and provide the first evidence of concurrent changes in attentional demands, consistent with promoting or disrupting automatic skill execution.

scholarly journals Learning to search. The importance of eye movements in the decrease of response times during a visual choice reaction time task

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kroll ◽  
Monika Mak ◽  
Jerzy Samochowiec
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Target Searching

Reaction times are often used as an indicator of the efficiency of the processes in thecentral nervous system. While extensive research has been conducted on the possibleresponse time correlates, the role of eye movements in visual tasks is yet unclear. Here wereport data to support the role of eye movements during visual choice reaction time training.Participant performance, reaction times, and total session duration improved. Eyemovementsshowed expected changes in saccade amplitude and resulted in improvementin visual target searching.

Effects of HEXACO Traits and Experimental Provocation on Aggression

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana M. Dinić ◽  
Snežana Smederevac
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Taylor Aggression Paradigm ◽  
Time Task

Abstract. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of HEXACO traits and levels of provocation on aggressive behavior. The sample consisted of 168 participants randomly assigned to no-, low- or high-provocation conditions. Aggression was induced by the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, in which participants competed in a reaction time task wherein they received “punishments,” depending on the condition. The participants were also able to deliver the punishments, which represented the measure of aggression. Results showed that Honesty-Humility had substantively negative effects on aggression, regardless of the condition. Surprisingly, Agreeableness was unrelated to aggression. The results highlight the role of Honesty-Humility in aggression.

Does Solution of Mental Arithmetic Problems Such as 2 + 6 and 3 × 8 Rely on the Process of “Memory Updating”?

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Deschuyteneer ◽  
André Vandierendonck ◽  
Isabel Muyllaert
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Memory Updating ◽  
Delayed Choice ◽  
Selective Interference ◽  
The Difference

Two experiments are reported that used the selective interference paradigm to study whether, besides response selection, the process of memory updating is involved in simple mental arithmetic. Participants were asked to solve simple sums (e.g., 2 + 6, Experiment 1) or simple products (e.g., 3 × 8, Experiment 2) in a single-task control condition and in three dual-task conditions with a selective interference task, simple reactions, choice reactions, or delayed choice reactions. The role of memory updating was estimated on the basis of the difference in impairment due to the choice reaction time and the delayed choice reaction time task, whereas the difference in impairment between the simple reaction time and the choice reaction time task indicates the role of response selection. While replicating previous results concerning response selection ( Deschuyteneer & Vandierendonck, 2005 , in press ), the study showed that memory updating is strongly involved in solving simple mental arithmetic sums and products.

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