Slight Defects of Basic Visual Functions as a Risk Factor for Mental Development in Infants

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 284-284
Author(s):  
A A Nevskaya ◽  
V M Bondarko ◽  
L I Leushina ◽  
N V Turkina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Acuity Test

The development of the representation of the visual world in infants was investigated and age norms were established for such operations as prediction of direct movement, search for hidden objects, and discrimination and recognition of the form, size, colour, and spatial position of objects. Simultaneously, basic visual functions were assessed: binocular fixation, eye movements, visual fields, and visual acuity. More than 700 infants aged 4 – 14 months were tested. About 25% of practically healthy infants showed slight defects in some basic visual functions, constituting a ‘risk group’. Infants of the risk group performed less well than their normal age-mates in such tasks as search for a toy hidden under a cap; prediction of linear movement; or discrimination of size, form, or colour. The differences between the normal and risk groups remained when the groups were equated for developmental age. Thus even slight defects of basic visual functions in early infancy may correlate with the mental development of a child. Detailed analysis showed that reduced visual acuity (non-attention to small visual objects such as crumbs 0.5 – 1 mm in diameter in the acuity test) was especially prognostic.

scholarly journals The evolution of visual acuity test methods

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Abdul-Gamid Aliev ◽  
Musa Nurudinov ◽  
M. Alieva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Visual Acuity Test ◽  
Acuity Test

This review presents a historical analysis of the develop¬ment of visual acuity research methods, examines in detail the principles of construction of optotypes and charts for visual acuity examination as well as describes the advantag¬es and disadvantages of modern eye charts. Such attention to this topic is justified by the fact that visual acuity is the main parameter characterizing the state of the eye. There¬fore, the study of visual acuity remains one of the most im¬portant methods of assessing visual functions. The generally accepted systems for visual acuity examination, despite the simplicity of their operation, do not have a sufficiently high sensitivity, and the optotypes that are used do not make it possible to adequately assess the functional state of the eye.

scholarly journals A prognostic nomogram based on LASSO Cox regression in patients with alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma following non-surgical therapy

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Fengna Yan ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics

Abstract Background Alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP-NHCC) (< 8.78 ng/mL) have special clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. The aim of this study was to apply a new method to establish and validate a new model for predicting the prognosis of patients with AFP-NHCC. Methods A total of 410 AFP-negative patients with clinical diagnosed with HCC following non-surgical therapy as a primary cohort; 148 patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy as an independent validation cohort. In primary cohort, independent factors for overall survival (OS) by LASSO Cox regression were all contained into the nomogram1; by Forward Stepwise Cox regression were all contained into the nomogram2. Nomograms performance and discriminative power were assessed with concordance index (C-index) values, area under curve (AUC), Calibration curve and decision curve analyses (DCA). The results were validated in the validation cohort. Results The C-index of nomogram1was 0.708 (95%CI: 0.673–0.743), which was superior to nomogram2 (0.706) and traditional modes (0.606–0.629). The AUC of nomogram1 was 0.736 (95%CI: 0.690–0.778). In the validation cohort, the nomogram1 still gave good discrimination (C-index: 0.752, 95%CI: 0.691–0.813; AUC: 0.784, 95%CI: 0.709–0.847). The calibration curve for probability of OS showed good homogeneity between prediction by nomogram1 and actual observation. DCA demonstrated that nomogram1 was clinically useful. Moreover, patients were divided into three distinct risk groups for OS by the nomogram1: low-risk group, middle-risk group and high-risk group, respectively. Conclusions Novel nomogram based on LASSO Cox regression presents more accurate and useful prognostic prediction for patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy. This model could help patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy facilitate a personalized prognostic evaluation.

scholarly journals Quantitative proteomic analysis of aberrant expressed lysine acetylation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Zhidong Gao ◽  
Jianyuan Luo ◽  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Nih Classification

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common digestive tract tumor with high rate of metastasis and recurrence. Currently, we understand the genome, transcriptome and proteome in GIST. However, posttranscriptional modification features in GIST remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to construct a complete profile of acetylome in GIST. Methods Five common protein modifications, including acetylation, succinylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and malonylation were tested among GIST subgroups and significantly differentially- expressed lysine acetylation was found. The acetylated peptides labeled with Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)under high sensitive mass spectrometry, and some proteins with acetylation sites were identified. Subsequently, these proteins and peptides were classified into high/moderate (H/M) risk and low (L) risk groups according to the modified NIH classification standard. Furthermore, cell components, molecular function, biological processes, KEGG pathways and protein interaction networks were analyzed. Results A total of 2904 acetylation sites from 1319 proteins were identified, of which quantitative information of 2548 sites from 1169 proteins was obtained. Finally, the differentially-expressed lysine acetylation sites were assessed and we found that 42 acetylated sites of 38 proteins were upregulated in the H/M risk group compared with the L risk group, while 48 acetylated sites of 44 proteins were downregulated, of which Ki67 K1063Ac and FCHSD2 K24Ac were the two acetylated proteins that were most changed. Conclusions Our novel findings provide further understanding of acetylome in GIST and might demonstrate the possibility in the acetylation targeted diagnosis and therapy of GIST.

Short-term risk stratification using CADILLAC risk score in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Satou ◽  
H Kitahara ◽  
K Ishikawa ◽  
T Nakayama ◽  
Y Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract Background The recent reperfusion therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has made the length of hospital stay shorter without adverse events. CADILLAC risk score is reportedly one of the risk scores predicting the long-term prognosis in STEMI patients. Purpose To invenstigate the usefulness of CADILLAC risk score for predicting short-term outcomes in STEMI patients. Methods Consecutive patients admitted to our university hospital and our medical center with STEMI (excluding shock, arrest case) who underwent primary PCI between January 2012 and April 2018 (n=387) were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to the CADILLAC risk score: low risk (n=176), intermediate risk (n=87), and high risk (n=124). Data on adverse events within 30 days after hospitalization, including in-hospital death, sustained ventricular arrhythmia, recurrent myocardial infarction, heart failure requiring intravenous treatment, stroke, or clinical hemorrhage, were collected. Results In the low risk group, adverse events within 30 days were significantly less observed, compared to the intermediate and high risk groups (n=13, 7.4% vs. n=13, 14.9% vs. n=58, 46.8%, p&lt;0.001). In particular, all adverse events occurred within 3 days in the low risk group, although adverse events, such as heart failure (n=4), recurrent myocardial infarction (n=1), stroke (n=1), and gastrointestinal bleeding (n=1), were substantially observed after day 4 of hospitalization in the intermediate and high risk groups. Conclusions In STEMI patients with low CADILLAC risk score, better short-term prognosis was observed compared to the intermediate and high risk groups, and all adverse events occurred within 3 days of hospitalization, suggesting that discharge at day 4 might be safe in this study population. CADILLAC risk score may help stratify patient risk for short-term prognosis and adjust management of STEMI patients. Initial event occurrence timing Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Vision through Various Scuba Facemasks

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Luria ◽  
Steven H. Ferris ◽  
Christine L. McKay ◽  
Jo Ann S. Kinney ◽  
Helen M. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Visual Process ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Size Estimates

The visual performance using five commercially avaible facemasks was compared. Measurements were made of visual fields, visual acuity, stereoacuity, hand-eye coordination, accuracy of distance estimates, and accuracy of size estimates at both near and far distances. In addition, the optical properties of the masks were measured and the susceptibility of each mask to fogging was tested. There were significant differences among the masks for every visual process tested. Some masks were superior for one purpose and inferior for another purpose. For example, the mask which had lenses designed to compensate for the optical distortions found under water improved size and distance estimates and hand-eye coordination, but degraded acuity and stereoacuity. The results were not expplained on the basis of differential susceptibility to fogging.

scholarly journals A novel computerized visual acuity test in children

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Jeong-Min Hwang ◽  
Young Joo Shin ◽  
In Bum Lee ◽  
Won Ryang Wee ◽  
Jin Hak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Acuity Test ◽  
Acuity Test

Arteriovenous malformations in the optic apparatus: systematic literature review and report of four cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Visish M. Srinivasan ◽  
Phiroz E. Tarapore ◽  
Stefan W. Koester ◽  
Joshua S. Catapano ◽  
Caleb Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Subtotal Resection

OBJECTIVE Rare arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the optic apparatus account for < 1% of all AVMs. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of optic apparatus AVMs and present 4 cases from their institution. The literature is summarized to describe preoperative characteristics, surgical technique, and treatment outcomes for these lesions. METHODS A comprehensive search of the English-language literature was performed in accordance with established Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all published cases of AVM in the optic apparatus in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The authors also searched their prospective institutional database of vascular malformations for such cases. Data regarding the clinical and radiological presentation, visual acuity, visual fields, extent of resection, and postoperative outcomes were gathered. RESULTS Nine patients in the literature and 4 patients in the authors’ single-surgeon series who fit the inclusion criteria were identified. The median age at presentation was 29 years (range 8–39 years). Among these patients, 11 presented with visual disturbance, 9 with headache, and 1 with multiple prior subarachnoid hemorrhages; the AVM in 1 case was found incidentally. Four patients described prior symptoms of headache or visual disturbance consistent with sentinel events. Visual acuity was decreased from baseline in 10 patients, and 11 patients had visual field defects on formal visual field testing. The most common visual field defect was temporal hemianopia, found in one or both eyes in 7 patients. The optic chiasm was affected in 10 patients, the hypothalamus in 2 patients, the optic nerve (unilaterally) in 8 patients, and the optic tract in 2 patients. Six patients underwent gross-total resection; 6 patients underwent subtotal resection; and 1 patient underwent craniotomy, but no resection was attempted. Postoperatively, 9 of the patients had improved visual function, 1 had no change, and 3 had worse visual acuity. Eight patients demonstrated improved visual fields, 1 had no change, and 4 had narrowed fields. CONCLUSIONS AVMs of the optic apparatus are rare lesions. Although they reside in a highly eloquent region, surgical outcomes are generally good; the majority of patients will see improvement in their visual function postoperatively. Microsurgical technique is critical to the successful removal of these lesions, and preservation of function sometimes requires subtotal resection of the lesion.

Distracted Driving and Driving Patterns in Older Drivers With Glaucoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110428
Author(s):  
Purva Jain ◽  
Jonathan T. Unkart ◽  
Fabio B. Daga ◽  
Linda Hill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Distracted Driving ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Acuity Score

Limited research exists examining self-perceived vision and driving ability among individuals with glaucoma, and this study assessed the relationship between glaucoma, visual field, and visual acuity with driving capability. 137 individuals with glaucoma and 75 healthy controls were asked to evaluate self-rated vision, self-perceived driving ability, and self-perceived distracted driving. Visual acuity and visual field measurements were also obtained. Multivariable linear regressions were run to test each visual measure with driving outcomes. The average age was 72.2 years, 57.3% were male, and 72.5% were White. There were significant associations for a one-point increase in visual field and quality of corrected vision (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.10), day vision (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03–1.08), night vision (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.05–1.13), visual acuity score and higher quality of corrected of vision (RR = .41; 95% CI = .22-.77), day vision (RR = .39; 95% CI=.22–.71), and night vision (RR = .41; 95% CI = .18–.94); visual acuity score and ability to drive safely compared to other drivers your age (RR = .53; 95% CI = .29–.96). Individuals with poorer visual acuity and visual fields rate their vision and ability to drive lower than those with better vision, and this information will allow clinicians to understand where to target interventions to enhance safe driving practices.

Suggested Systems for the Uniform Illumination of Visual Acuity Test Charts

1955 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence T. Odland ◽  
Louise L. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
Visual Acuity Test ◽  
Acuity Test
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