A REVIEW OF THE PETROLEUM SEARCH SUBSIDY ACTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
L. W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Payments

THE FIRST of the Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts was introduced in 1957, when the level of petroleum exploration in Australia was very low. The types of operation eligible for subsidy, and the subsidy rates, have been altered from time to time in recognition of changing circumstances. The present Act is not to be extended and only covers operations which will be completed by 30 June 1974.The activity in various areas in Australia and Papua New Guinea has fluctuated during the period that the Acts have been in force. The early, relatively high, level of activity in Queensland was not maintained, and other areas, such as Western Australia, received increased attention. The percentage of subsidy funds going to operations in offshore areas has changed markedly. The Acts have provided assistance to petroleum exploration in Australia in several ways. In the early days of the Act, when little expertise on petroleum exploration was available in Australia, standards were set for the field operations and reporting, and the operations were closely supervised, ensuring a reasonable minimum standard of performance. Payments under the Act have assisted companies, particularly those with limited funds, to engage in exploration and have also encouraged all companies to explore in Australia by reducing the effective unit cost of exploration. The information which has become available through the operation of the Act has assisted exploration by enabling exploration decisions to be based on the results of most of the exploration which has been carried out in Australia.The Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts, which will cost a total of some 7150 million, have made a very useful and significant contribution to petroleum exploration in Australia and Papua New Guinea over a period of 17 years.

Family planning in Lae urban area of Papua New Guinea 1981

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. A. Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Ideal Family Size ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Ideal

SummaryA summary of 298 male and 358 female respondents in the Lae urban area of Papua New Guinea in 1981 revealed a relatively high level of contraceptive awareness, but the level of contraceptive use is low. However, the overall current usages of non-traditional methods for the wives of the male and for the female respondents are 34–2% and 37% respectively. The male and the female respondents have the same views on the ideal family size—approximately three children.

TAXATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN AUSTRALIAN COMPANY CARRYING ON PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Peter A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Tax Assessment ◽  
Full Credit ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
The Many ◽  
Full Consideration ◽  
Australian Company

The Australian Income Tax Assessment Act, 19S6 (the Act) has recently been amended by the inclusion of a full foreign tax credit system (FTCS) to replace the partial and exempt system previously existing. In view of this change, and the increase in Australian participation in Papua New Guinea (PNG), petroleum exploration re-consideration of conventional corporate structuring into PNG is warranted.In considering the form of a tax effective structuring, it will be necessary to consider matters such as the following:obtaining an appropriate mix of debt and equity with the debt provided in a form so that the service fee will not qualify as interest for FTCS purposes;structuring the PNG operations through a subsidiary incorporated out of Australia, e.g. PNG;ensuring that the shareholding in the company is appropriate to enable a full credit for 'underlying taxes'; andobtain any 'tax sparing relief available due to the PNG treatment of interest and dividends.These aspects and the many other relevant planning points require consideration of complex legislation. In the absence of direct legal precedent, proper and full consideration is warranted if all intended financial benefits are to be obtained.

Human Pleistocene adaptations in the tropical island Pacific: recent evidence from New Ireland, a Greater Australian outlier

Antiquity ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (240) ◽  
pp. 548-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Allen ◽  
Chris Gosden ◽  
J. Peter White
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tropical Lowlands ◽  
New Britain

The late Pleistocene colonization of Greater Australia by humans by c. 40,0130 b.p. is now generally accepted. This landmass, which comprised at periods of lower sea levels Tasmania, Australia and Papua New Guinea, has now produced sites with rich and diverse sequences extending towards or now mainly beyond 30,000 b.p., in the present arid country of western New South Wales (Barbetti & Allen 1972), in southwest Western Australia (Pearce & Barbetti 1981), in the Papua New Guinea Highlands (Gillieson & Mountain 1983), and recently even in Tasmania (Cosgrove 1989).Prior to 1985, with the exception of an 11,000 b.p. date for occupation in Misisjl Cave on New Britain (Specht et al. 1981), the tropical lowlands of Papua New Guinea and its attendant nearer Melanesian island chain had remained a blank on the region’s map of Pleistocene human expansion.

scholarly journals Ownership, Decentralization and Development in Papua New Guinea: Sub National Participation in Aid Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edward Kapi
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Paris Declaration ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Level

<p><b>The debate on aid effectiveness and ineffectiveness continues to remain as a core issue for international development. The endorsement of the Paris Declaration on the principles of aid effectiveness in March 2005 by states and international agencies was a significant milestone in this regard. This declaration involved specific commitments for donors and partner countries and marked a paradigm shift for improving aid effectiveness. The overall aim was to improve the quality of aid and its impact on development and, in particular, recipient countries taking ownership of their development. The ownership principle has been echoed and reaffirmed in the subsequent series of high level forums on aid effectiveness.</b></p> <p>This thesis provides a critical examination of Papua New Guinea’s commitment to aid effectiveness. It examines and analyses aid and development effectiveness at the subnational levels of government. It finds that there is a substantial disjunction between national and subnational levels of government with regard to development ownership. This is demonstrated in current policies and practices, and it largely echoes studies elsewhere in the Pacific region on aid and development. However, in this wider literature, there is little evidence on important policy issues regarding leadership and effective aid and development coordination in a decentralized system of government, and this is where Papua New Guinea (PNG) offers some important new insights. This thesis argues that the subnational levels of government continue to remain isolated from the aid effectiveness discussion despite development ownership efforts and government objectives to practice ownership and leadership through all tiers of government.</p>

A revision of the water beetle genus Gymnochthebius Orchymont (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) for Australia and Papua New Guinea

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1024 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP D. PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Water Beetle ◽  
Microhabitat Preferences ◽  
Papua New Guinean

The Australian and Papua New Guinean species of the water beetle genus Gymnochthebius Orchymont, 1943, are revised, based on the study of 4,904 specimens. The genus is redescribed, and redescriptions are provided for G. australis (Blackburn), G. brisbanensis (Blackburn), G. clarki (Deane), G. levis (Deane), G. lividus (Deane), G. notalis (Deane), and G. tenebricosus (Deane). Lectotypes are designated for Ochthebius australis Blackburn, 1888, and Ochthebius tenebricosus Deane, 1931. Ochthebius fischeri Deane, 1931, and Ochthebius leai Deane, 1931, are synonymized with Ochthebius australis Blackburn, 1888; Ochthebius flavocinctus Deane 1933, is synonymized with Ochthebius lividus Deane, 1933; and Ochthebius angustipennis Deane, 1931, is synonymized with Ochthebius clarki Deane, 1931. Twenty-nine new species are described, and a key to the 36 species known from Australia and Papua New Guinea is given. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), the male genitalia are illustrated, and Australian geographic distributions are mapped. Only one species, G. clarki, inhabits both Australia and Papua New Guinea; two species, G. bacchusi n. sp. and G. papua n. sp. are endemic to Papua New Guinea; 33 species are endemic to Australia. Members of Gymnochthebius are found at the gravelly/sandy/silty margins of flowing and standing water. A preliminary grouping of species according to microhabitat substrate is presented. Correspondences between ventral morphology and microhabitat preferences suggest that a few species are evolving toward humicolous habits. New species of Gymnochthebius are: G. angulonotus (Queensland, Tinaroo Creek Road via Mareeba), G. bacchusi (Papua New Guinea, Morobe District, c. 7 miles Lae Bulolo Road), G. benesculptus (South Australia, Warburton River, 1 km N White Bull Yard Kalamurina Stn.), G. coruscus (South Australia, Warburton River, 1 km N White Bull Yard Kalamurina Stn.), G. fontinalis (South Australia, Elizabeth (Mound) Springs, 7 km NW Coward Springs R.S.), G. fumosus (New South Wales, Sydney), G. hesperius (Western Australia, Lyndon River Bridge), G. inlineatus (Western Australia, Millstream, creek near Deep Reach), G. lustrosulcus (Queensland, Cloncurry), G. minipunctus (Northern Territory, Palm Valley), G. nanosetus (Northern Territory, Roderick Creek, Gregory National Park), G. nicki (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, West branch Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), G. nigriceps (South Australia, Mound Spring near Coward Springs), G. papua (Papua New Guinea, Morobe District, ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), G. perpunctus (South Australia, Somme Creek, between Angaston and Sedan), G. pluvipennis (South Australia, Warburton

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Papua New Guinea and Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Groves ◽  
D. Lehmann ◽  
G. L. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Immunocompetent Adults ◽  
Adult Volunteers

SUMMARYEnzyme immunoassays (EIA) were used to measure serum antibodies to Cryptosporidium in four immunocompetent adults with recent proven cryptosporidial infection, 379 healthy children and 73 adult volunteers in Melbourne, Australia, and 205 children in Papua New Guinea (PNG) (47 healthy children; 158 with pneumonia). Antibodies peaked 3–6 weeks after infection and fell to baseline within a few months. A high level (5000 EIA units/ml) or a significant change between paired sera, of IgG or IgM, were taken as evidence of recent infection and found in 24% of PNG children and in 8% of children and 5% of adults in Melbourne. Among PNG children with pneumonia who had high cryptosporidial antibody levels, those with measles (6/8) were significantly more likely (P = 0·002) to have diarrhoea than the remainder (4/28). Symptomatic cryptosporidiosis may be associated with transient immune suppression due to viral infection. This study indicates that serological surveys can contribute to an understanding of the epidemiology of cryptosporidosis.

Gall thrips of the Austro-Pacific genus Euoplothrips Hood (Thysanoptera), with a new species from Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Marullo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe members of Euoplothrips are probably all kleptoparasites on various gall-inducing thrips. A new species of the genus, E. platypodae, is described from Gynaikothrips leaf galls on Ficus platypoda in Western Australia. Three different species from Tonga, Samoa and the Solomon Islands are each known from leaf galls on Ficus. In contrast, the eastern Australian species E. bagnalli is recorded from the leaf galls of other thrips on Smilax australis and Alyxia spicata. E. armatus Moulton from Papua New Guinea is included as a further synonym of E. bagnalli. A key is provided to distinguish these five species. E. malabarica is also included although it is known only from the original description and is probably not congeneric.

PETROLEUM EXPLORATION OUTLOOK FOR 1968

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
L. W. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Seismic Surveys

To change is expected in the trend which has developed over the last few years towards increasing interest in offshore areas, and in Papua-New Guinea.The overall expenditure on petroleum exploration in Australia and Papua-New Guinea during 1968 will be approximately the same as in 1967.Because of the greater expense which will be incurred through the increased use of offshore drilling vessels, a reduction in other exploration activities is expected. This reduction will occur mainly in geophysical operations and the biggest reduction will be in seismic surveys on land.

The rebirth of Papua New Guinea

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
John Warburton ◽  
Keiran Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Risk Ranking ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Giant Fields

Gas was first discovered by drilling activity in Papua New Guinea in 1956. Nevertheless it was almost 60 years later when the Exxon-operated PNG LNG Project became the first large-scale commercialisation of the country’s prolific gas resources, with export of the first LNG shipment in May 2014. The proven fluvial-deltaic Late Jurassic, early Cretaceous and Tertiary carbonate reservoirs are prolific petroleum producers. When combined with the high-quality liquid-rich nature of the gas and the onshore location, this has resulted in PNG’s LNG projects being some of the lowest cost and most profitable LNG projects globally. The success of the PNG LNG Project along with the substantial identified existing and yet-to-find gas resources has resulted in a recent resurgence of exploration interest in PNG as companies look to expand and capitalise on the country’s developing position as a globally significant LNG supplier. In 2015 Oil Search undertook a whole of country review using its extensive database and in-country knowledge. This study incorporated all well, seismic, surface, remote sensing, production and development data, and has resulted in a detailed understanding of the play distribution and risk ranking, and importantly delineated a number of potentially material new play types in the country. Approximately 4.8 billion barrels of oil equivalent recoverable resources (2P and 2C) have been discovered in PNG to date, of which approximately 85% is gas. The countrywide regional study and common risk segment analysis by Oil Search (2015) established that PNG potentially contains an additional seven billion barrels of oil equivalent resource still to be discovered. The majority of this volume is expected to be gas, estimated to be in the order of 40 trillion cubic feet and 550 million barrels of undiscovered prospective resources. Oil Search has been active in all of PNG’s known petroleum basins since 1929 and built a substantial database. Pool-size distributions and a countrywide prospects and leads inventory suggest discovery of new giant fields is likely and of sufficient scale to support future LNG projects. Six sub-basins contain proven petroleum plays that are predicted to extend into under-explored areas. These areas represent the future petroleum exploration frontier in PNG.

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