Detection of chromosomal segments underlying scrotal circumference in ram lambs and age at onset of puberty in ewe lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
A. K. Esmailizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Phenotypic Standard Deviation ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Highly Correlated

Scrotal circumference (SC) is highly correlated with total sperm production and quality of the produced semen. In ewe lambs, puberty is an important reproductive trait and extreme delay in reaching puberty will have a negative effect on breeding efficiency. To identify genomic regions (QTL) underlying variation in SC and age at onset of puberty in ewe lambs (AP), a whole genome scan was performed with 169 microsatellites covering the ovine autosomes. Progeny (360 animals) from six half-sib families in a population of Kermani sheep, an indigenous fat tailed sheep breed in south-east of Iran, were recorded for SC and AP. Linkage analysis using the interval mapping approach indicated a total of 21 QTL for the studied traits on nine chromosomes (OAR1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 18 and 24), including a 5% genome wide significant QTL for SC on OAR5. There was evidence for the overlap of QTL affecting SC and AP on OAR5 and OAR9. The size of the QTL effect ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 in units of the phenotypic standard deviation. Although QTL for testis size in ram lambs have been mapped, this is the first report of QTL for age at onset of puberty in ewe lambs. Pursuing the underlying causes of these QTL may shed light on the molecular aspects of male and female reproductive development in sheep.

Relationships between body weight and scrotal characteristics, and between environmental effects and fertility in Ethiopian Horro rams

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Gojjam ◽  
Solomon Gizaw ◽  
Solomon Abegaz ◽  
C. J. Thwaites
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Birth Type

SUMMARYThe relationships between body weight, scrotal characteristics and environmental effects (year, birth type and age) and fertility were studied in a total of 254 Horro rams. Fertility varied between years (P < 0·01), but not with body weight at mating within the range (30–55 kg) observed, nor with type of birth (both P > 0·05).Testicular diameter and circumference were strongly correlated to body weight (r = 0·95 and 0·89 respectively; both P < 0·001), but weight of testes only weakly so (r = 0–28; NS). Scrotal circumference was more highly correlated to body weight in ram lambs (r = 0–85; P < 0–001) than in adults (r = 0·51; p = 0·06).It is concluded that adequate levels of fertility (82 ± 1·3%) are expressed by 30 kg Horro rams, and that when feed supplies are limited there are no benefits to be gained from maintaining rams of this breed at higher weights.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PLANE OF NUTRITION AND REARING METHOD ON YANKASA LAMBS: GROWTH RATE, SCROTAL DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
G. N. Akpa ◽  
N. I. Dim ◽  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
E. O. Oyedipe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Daily Gain

The study examined the effects of plane of nutrition and rearing method on growth rate, increase in scrotal size; and age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty, in Yankasa ram lambs. Thirty-six ram lambs and 18 ewe lambs with mean age and body weight of 1453±17.7 days and 10.1 1±2.6kg respectively were used for the four-month trial. Animalswere randomised in a 3x2 factorial design with plane of nutrition at 3 levels (low, medium and high) and rearing method at 2 levels (males alone and mixture of males and females). Plane of nutrition had bighly significant (P<0.01) effect on average daily gain (ADG). Animals on the low, medium and high planes gained daily  66.8±5.5, 77.8±5.6 and 89.0±5.6 respectively. Effects of plane of nutrition and rearing methods on changes in scrotal circumference were not significant. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty in the ram lambs averaged 232.5±12.7 days, 18.3±0.4 kg and 22.7±3.1 cm respectively. Body weight at puberty averaged 17.2±1.7, 18.6±0.9 and 19.0±1.4 kg for animals fed low, medium and high planes of nutrition respectively.

Effects of the percentage of Texel or Rouge de ľOuest genes in lambs on carcass characteristics and meat quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Carson ◽  
B. W. Moss ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Bone Content ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Ram Lambs

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of the percentage of Texel or Rouge de l’Ouest (Rouge) genes in lambs (0, 50, 75 or 100%; the remainder being Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface)) on lamb carcass characteristics and meat quality. Ewe lambs were slaughtered at 34, 40, 46 and 52 kg and ram lambs were slaughtered at 40, 46, 52 and 58 kg live weight. Dressing proportion increased (P < 0·001) by 0·53 and 0·27 g carcass weight per kg live weight for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes respectively. Carcass conformation classification increased (P < 0·001) by 0·016 and 0·007 units (on a five-point scale) for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes respectively. Carcass fat depth measures were reduced by Texel and Rouge genes such that at a constant fat depth end point, carcass weight could be increased by 0·029 and 0·023 kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Carcass lean content increased (P < 0·001) by 0·99 and 0·27 g/kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Subcutaneous fat content was reduced (P < 0·001) by 0·36 and 0·29 g/kg for each 1% increase in Texel or Rouge genes. Intermuscular fat content was reduced (P < 0·01) by 0·38 g/kg per 1% increase in Texel genes, whereas Rouge genes had no effect. Similarly, bone content was reduced (P < 0·01) by Texel genes only (0·31 g/kg per 1% increase in Texel genes). Warner-Bratzler shear force values showed a quadratic effect with increasing Texel and Rouge genes, with an initial decrease from 0 to 50% followed by an increase to 100%. Cooking loss increased (P = 0·05) as the percentage of Rouge genes in lambs increased. Increasing the percentage of Texel or Rouge genes significantly increased L* values (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 respectively), b* values (P = 0·05 and P< 0·05 respectively) and H° values (P < 0·001).

scholarly journals Assortative Mating, Income Inequality, and Place

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Avril Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Household Income ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

<p>There is a growing concern internationally about levels of income inequality, and the negative effect this has on the functioning of societies both in terms of productivity and social harmony. An unexpected contributor to inequality is assortative mating - the phenomenon of “like marrying like”. Educational attainment is highly correlated with income; when two highly educated people partner and form a household they are more likely to appear at the top of the household income distribution, while couples with only primary or incomplete secondary education appear at the bottom. Therefore the greater the propensity to mate assortatively the more unequal the distribution of household income becomes.   I ask two questions of the relationship between educational assortative mating and household income inequality. Firstly, how do countries (in Europe) differ in their degree of educational assortative mating? Secondly, what is the evidence that such differences are reflected in indicators of household income inequality?   My study differs from the prevailing approaches to this question by taking a geographical approach. Instead of comparing a single country over time and monitoring the correspondence between assortative mating and income inequality, I compare a wide range of countries, using a uniform instrument, at one point in time. In order to do so I draw on the unit records of 29 countries from the European Social Survey administered in 2012.   From these unit record data I have been able to identify two important patterns. Firstly, there is a clear presence of educational assortative mating in each country. However, the degree differs and it does so primarily as a reflection of the overall level of education in the country. Rising levels of education lower the returns for education, in turn making assortative mating comparatively less attractive. As a result, the level of assortative mating, compared to what would be expected under random conditions, is lower in highly educated nations. The lowered level of assortative mating in highly educated nations reduces the barriers to social mobility through marriage for those without university educations. Consequently, household income inequality is seen to be intrinsically related to assortative mating, although the outcomes can be mitigated by redistribution policies.</p>

scholarly journals Assortative Mating, Income Inequality, and Place

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Avril Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Household Income ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Educational Assortative Mating ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

<p>There is a growing concern internationally about levels of income inequality, and the negative effect this has on the functioning of societies both in terms of productivity and social harmony. An unexpected contributor to inequality is assortative mating - the phenomenon of “like marrying like”. Educational attainment is highly correlated with income; when two highly educated people partner and form a household they are more likely to appear at the top of the household income distribution, while couples with only primary or incomplete secondary education appear at the bottom. Therefore the greater the propensity to mate assortatively the more unequal the distribution of household income becomes.   I ask two questions of the relationship between educational assortative mating and household income inequality. Firstly, how do countries (in Europe) differ in their degree of educational assortative mating? Secondly, what is the evidence that such differences are reflected in indicators of household income inequality?   My study differs from the prevailing approaches to this question by taking a geographical approach. Instead of comparing a single country over time and monitoring the correspondence between assortative mating and income inequality, I compare a wide range of countries, using a uniform instrument, at one point in time. In order to do so I draw on the unit records of 29 countries from the European Social Survey administered in 2012.   From these unit record data I have been able to identify two important patterns. Firstly, there is a clear presence of educational assortative mating in each country. However, the degree differs and it does so primarily as a reflection of the overall level of education in the country. Rising levels of education lower the returns for education, in turn making assortative mating comparatively less attractive. As a result, the level of assortative mating, compared to what would be expected under random conditions, is lower in highly educated nations. The lowered level of assortative mating in highly educated nations reduces the barriers to social mobility through marriage for those without university educations. Consequently, household income inequality is seen to be intrinsically related to assortative mating, although the outcomes can be mitigated by redistribution policies.</p>

scholarly journals High secondary formation of nitrogen-containing organics (NOCs) and its possible link to oxidized organics and ammonium

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Xiufeng Lian ◽  
Yuzhen Fu ◽  
Qinhao Lin ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Atmospheric Processing ◽  
Single Particle Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Formation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) substantially contribute to light-absorbing organic aerosols, although the atmospheric processes responsible for the secondary formation of these compounds are poorly understood. In this study, seasonal atmospheric processing of NOCs is investigated using single-particle mass spectrometry in urban Guangzhou from 2013 to 2014. The relative abundance of NOCs is found to be strongly enhanced when they are internally mixed with photochemically produced secondary oxidized organics (i.e., formate, acetate, pyruvate, methylglyoxal, glyoxylate, oxalate, malonate, and succinate) and ammonium (NH4+). Moreover, both the hourly detected particle number and the relative abundance of NOCs are highly correlated with those of secondary oxidized organics and NH4+. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the secondary formation of NOCs is most likely linked to oxidized organics and NH4+. Results from both multiple linear regression analysis and positive matrix factorization analysis further show that the relative abundance of NOCs could be well predicted (R2 > 0.7, p < 0.01) by oxidized organics and NH4+. Interestingly, the relative abundance of NOCs is inversely correlated with NH4+, whereas their number fractions are positively correlated. This result suggests that although the formation of NOCs does require the involvement of NH3/NH4+, the relative amount of NH4+ may have a negative effect. Higher humidity and NOx likely facilitates the conversion of oxidized organics to NOCs. Due to the relatively high oxidized organics and NH3/NH4+, the relative contributions of NOCs in summer and fall were higher than those in spring and winter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct field observation study reporting a close association between NOCs and both oxidized organics and NH4+. These findings have substantial implications for the role of NH4+ in the atmosphere, particularly in models that predict the evolution and deposition of NOCs.Highlights. NOCs were highly internally mixed with photochemically produced secondary oxidized organics NOCs could be well predicted by the variations of these oxidized organics and NH4+ Higher relative humidity and NOx may facilitate the conversion of these oxidized organics to NOCs

The influence of birth type and sex on rearing of Polish Heath and Żelaźnieńska lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4, Accepted for print) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Aurelia Radzik-Rant ◽  
Witold Rant ◽  
Adrianna Bryjak ◽  
Roman Niżnikowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Birth Type

<b>The aim of the study was to determine the effect of birth type and sex on lambs survival parameters of polish heath and żelazneńska sheep. The research included data, which was used to determine the prolificacy index, the percentage of live-born lambs and the lambs rearing index up to 100 days of age. A higher prolificacy index (P≤0.01) and a higher percentage (P≤0.01) of reared lambs were determined in the polish heath compared to the żelazneńska sheep. In the herd of the first breed, a greater proportion of twin and more numerous litters than singleton births were noted. Single and twin litters were dominant in the żelazneńskie sheep. The rearing rate of lambs from single litters was at a similar level in both observed breeds. However, in the herd of polish heath sheep, lambs from multiple litters shoved also high rearing rate. Single ram lambs were characterized by higher (P≤0.01) body weight at birth and at 56 days of age compared to twin born and ewe lambs, both in polish heath sheep and żelazneńska sheep. Statistical differences (P≤0.01) in body weight at birth and on 56th day of age were also recorded between twins and triplets in polish heath sheep. The analysis of the distribution of lambs' mortality during the rearing period has shown that the most critical is the first week of life of the born offsprings.</b>

Growth and body composition of Omani local sheep 1. Live-weight growth and carcass and non-carcass characteristics

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mahgoub ◽  
G. A. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Omental Fat

AbstractForty-five local Omani ram, wether and ewe lambs were reared from birth until slaughter at 18, 28 or 38 kg live weight (five of each ‘sex’ at each weight group) on an ad libitum concentrate diet and Rhodesgrass hay.Ram lambs grew faster from birth and reached predetermined slaughter weights earlier than wether and ewe lambs. At 28 kg live weight, ram lambs had: heavier heads, feet, reticulo-rumens and livers; higher muscle and bone and lower fat proportions in the carcass; lower muscle: bone and higher muscle: fat ratios; higher proportions of carcass but lower non-carcass fat than had wether and ewe lambs. The head, feet, alimentary tract, liver and heart of Omani sheep grew at a lower rate; the skin grew at a similar rate and the carcass grew at a rate faster than empty body weight (EBW). Relative to EBW, muscle grew at a similar rate, fat faster and bone slower. Both carcass and non-carcass fats grew at a rate higher than that of the growth of EBW, with non-carcass fat growing at a higher rate than that of carcass fat. The growth rate of omental fat was the fastest followed by kidney, mesenteric, subcutaneous, tail, scrotal, intermuscular and pelvic fats respectively.This study demonstrated that Omani sheep have good potential for growth if they are managed and fed satisfactorily. Omani sheep are early maturing for which reason it is recommended that they be slaughtered at lighter weights to avoid higher fat content in the carcass. Castration in Omani sheep is not recommended for production of meat lambs under intensive systems as it resulted in reduced growth rates and deposition of excess fat at lower slaughter weights.

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