Dairy cattle industry and genetic improvement programs in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Santi Pangmao ◽  
Peter C. Thomson ◽  
Mehar S. Khatkar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Genetic Trends

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate the genetic trends of 100-day milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP) and protein percentage (PP) in three government dairy cattle farms in Thailand, located in the north and north-east of the country. The data consisted of records from 1745 first-lactation cows that calved between 1986 and 2015, which were the progeny of 287 sires and 1237 dams. Most of the animals were crossbred Holstein-Friesian with native or zebu animals. The total number of animals in the pedigree was 4753. Univariate and bivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values by using ASReml-R. The fixed effects in the model were herd, year of calving, season of calving, breed group and the interaction between year and season of calving, and the random effects were animal and residual. All fixed effects had significant effects on the three traits, except breed group. The estimated heritabilities for MY, FP and PP were 0.242 ± 0.061, 0.066 ± 0.048 and 0.329 ± 0.072 respectively. The genetic correlation for MY and FP, MY and PP, and FP and PP were 0.219 ± 0.352, –0.271 ± 0.177 and 0.452 ± 0.255 respectively. The genetic trends based on estimated breeding values over year of birth did not show consistent improvement in all three traits, although there was a slight declining trend in MY in the later years.

scholarly journals Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Economic Traits of Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle in Tropics: A multi-trait animal model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondossen Ayalew ◽  
Destaw Worku
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract Background: In any genetic improvement program, multi-trait estimates of genetic parameters and breeding values of economically important traits are essential to facilitate total merit index selection objectives.Method: Data comprising 4,263 lactation records of 1,223 cows calved in the years between 1992 and 2017 were used to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values of lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL) and fertility (age at first calving, AFC; calving interval, CI; and days open DO) traits. Preliminary analysis of fixed effects used in the mixed model analysis was tested for their significance using lm package of R software. C(o)variance components and resulting parameters were estimated by fitting single and multi-trait repeatability animal models using BLUPF90 software packages.Results: The heritability estimates of LMY and LL were 0.21±0.04 and 0.13±0.02, respectively. Heritabilities for AFC, CI, and DO were 0.53, 0.12, and 0.14±0.04, respectively. Repeatability estimates of production and fertility traits were low to moderate. The genetic correlation between LMY and LL was high (0.53) whilst, among fertility traits, the estimates were ranged from 0.09±0.03 (between AFC and CI) to 0.99±0.01 (between CI and DO). Genetic correlations of productive traits with fertility traits were ranged from -0.01 to 0.99. The phenotypic correlations between production and fertility traits ranged from 0.06±0.02 for LL and AFC to 0.43±0.02 for LL and DO. The genetic trends for LMY and LL were positive and genetically improved by 15.80 kg year−1 and 0.92 days year−1, respectively. Regarding fertility traits, favorable trends of -0.56 and -0.65 days year-1 were observed for CI and DO, respectively. However, unfavorable trends of 0.04 month year−1 were obtained for AFC.Conclusion: With this small herd size, the study highlighted that a high response to selection for LMY and AFC would be expected in this population. Furthermore, aggregate selection of both production and fertility traits should take into account their antagonistic genetic correlations in future improvement programs.

scholarly journals Animal Model Versus Polynomial Legendre Test-Day In Dairy Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Mircea Cătălin Rotar ◽  
Horia Grosu ◽  
Mihail Alexandru Gras ◽  
Rodica Ştefania Pelmuş ◽  
Cristina Lazăr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Model Versus

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the classical animal model (based on total milk for 305 days) with the Test-Day model (using monthly records of milk yield from Official Records of Performances). The data set derived from a total 175 animals (cows with records, parents of these animals and the descendants) from two Romanian breeds (Romanian Black Spotted and Montbeliarde), the phenotypic and the pedigree information arisen from National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA-Balotesti). The selection criteria to be included in the analysis for each cow was to have at least 3 test-days and the days in milk between 200 and 330 for the Test-Day model and the total amount of the 305- day lactation yield for classical Animal Model respectively. Both models use B.L.U.P methodology and for that reason all the estimates were adjusted for fixed effects and all the breeding values and the solution for fixed effects were estimated simultaneous. For the animal model the fixed effects used was the breed and the year of performing and for the Test-Day model was an extra one, the test day effect. The correlation calculated between test days was very high (over 90%) for consecutive tests, and was getting lower when the days between tests was higher (under 40%). Also, in terms of heritability the values were in normal limits throughout lactation, except at the beginning and end of lactation period where these values were a little bit higher. The comparison of the ranking of breeding values with Spearman rank correlation shows that in 80% of the cases the ranking was similar for both models. As the ranking correlations shows, it is certain that the two models are very similar when they are used for genetic evaluation. But, in conclusion, we can say that for a better lactation curve estimation it is recommending to use test-day model for dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction, genetic trends, and performance dissimilarity of Nellore herds raised in three different environmental gradients

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar de Souza ◽  
Fabio Rafael Leão Fialho ◽  
Marcos Paulo Gonçalves Rezende ◽  
Carlos Henrique Cavallari Machado ◽  
Mariana Pereira Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Genetic Trends

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction, and estimate genetic parameters, genetic trends, and performance dissimilarity-weight gain from birth to weaning (WGBW), adjusted weight to 205 days (W205), weight gain from weaning to 18 months of age (WG18), and adjusted weight to 550 days (W550)-in Nellore animals born between 1986 and 2012, and raised in pasture-based system in three different environmental gradients in Brazil. Data of 62,001 animals-11,729 raised in the Alto Taquari/Bolsão region (ATBR), 21,143 raised in the Campo Grande/Dourados region (CGDR) and 29,129 raised in the western São Paulo/Paraná region (SPPR) in Brazil-were used. The contemporary groups were defined by sex, location, and birth year and season, with at least nine individuals, two different environments, and breeding bulls with at least five progenies. The statistical model contained the direct additive and residual genetic effects (random effects), and environmental and contemporary group effects (fixed effects). Genetic parameters, genotype-environment interaction and genetic trends were estimates using animal model (uni- and/or bi- traits). The level of similarity between regions was evaluated using principal components. The animals raised in the CGDR had superior performance regarding the traits evaluated. The direct heritability estimates ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 (WGBW), 0.41 to 0.45 (W205), 0.42 to 0.55 (WG18) and 0.60 to 0.62 (W550). The maternal heritability of the traits ranged from 0.20 (WGBW), 0.12 to 0.18 (W205), 0.00 to 0.06 (WG18) and 0.02 to 0.22 (W550). According to the Spearman correlation, the ranking of the breeding bulls in the regions evaluated were different. The mean of Euclidean distance indicated low similarity between ATBR and CGDR (43.20), and ATBR and SPPR (29.24). CGDR and SPPR presented similarity of 17.84. The breed values increased over the years in the traits evaluated. The cumulative variance percentage of the first two main components explained 99.99% variation among the regions, and the weight gains of the animals were the most important to differentiate the regions. A genotype-environment interaction was found for the traits evaluated, thus, the breeding bull selected with superior genetic merit for one region might not be the best for others.

scholarly journals Genetic effects on reproductive traits in Warmblood horses

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wolc ◽  
G. Torzynski ◽  
T. Szwaczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Genetic Trends

Reproductive efficiency is an important issue in horse breeding. However, almost no estimates of genetic parameters of reproductive traits in horses can be found in the literature. The objective of the study was to estimate heritability and genetic trends of foaling rate and number of reproductive seasons in Warmblood horses. The records of 3965 mares from six studs were analyzed. Mares were on average kept for 7.3 reproductive seasons with a foaling rate of 66%. Models included fixed effects of stud, period of birth, breed and random additive genetic effect. Heritability estimates were 0.12 for foaling rate and 0.17 for number of reproductive seasons. Key words: Heritability, reproduction, horse

Linear and threshold model genetic parameters for disease, fertility and milk production in dairy cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Kadarmideen ◽  
R. Thompson ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fertility Traits

AbstractThis study provides estimates of genetic parameters for various diseases, fertility and 305-day milk production traits in dairy cattle using data from a UK national milk recording scheme. The data set consisted of 63891 multiple lactation records on diseases (mastitis, lameness, milk fever, ketosis and tetany), fertility traits (calving interval, conception to first service, number of services for a conception, and number of days to first service), dystocia and 305-day milk, fat and protein yield. All traits were analysed by multi-trait repeatability linear animal models (LM). Binary diseases and fertility traits were further analysed by threshold sire models (TM). Both LM and TM analyses were based on the generalized linear mixed model framework. The LM included herd-year-season of calving (HYS), age at calving and parity as fixed effects and genetic, permanent environmental and residual effects as random. The TM analyses included the same effects as for LM, but HYS effects were treated as random to avoid convergence problems when HYS sub-classes had 0 or 100% incidence. Because HYS effects were treated as random, herd effects were fitted as fixed effects to account for effect of herds in the data. The LM estimates of heritability ranged from 0•389 to 0•399 for 305-day milk production traits, 0•010 to 0•029 for fertility traits and 0•004 to 0•038 for diseases. The LM estimates of repeatability ranged from 0•556 to 0•586 for 305-day milk production traits, 0•029 to 0•086 for fertility traits and 0•004 to 0•100 for diseases. The TM estimates of heritabilities and repeatabilities were greater than LM estimates for binary traits and were in the range 0•012 to 0•126 and 0•013 to 0•168, respectively. Genetic correlations between milk production traits and fertility and diseases were all unfavorable: they ranged from 0•07 to 0•37 for milk production and diseases, 0•31 to 0•54 for milk production and poor fertility and 0•06 to 0•41 for diseases and poor fertility. These results show that future selection programmes should include disease and fertility for genetic improvement of health and reproduction and for sustained economic growth in the dairy cattle industry.

scholarly journals Short communication: Estimation of genetic trends for body weight traits in Markhoz goat at different ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e04SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Latifi ◽  
Mohammad Razmkabir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Information Criteria ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Genetic Trends

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic trends for body weight at different ages in Markhoz goat, including birth weight (BW, n = 4758), weaning weight (WW, n= 3685), 6-month weight (6MW, n = 3420), 9-month weight (9MW, n = 3032) and 12-month weight (12MW, n = 2697). Data and pedigree information were collected from 1992 until 2014 at the Breeding Center of Markhoz goat, Sanandaj, Iran. The GLM procedure of SAS was used for selecting the variables and identifying significant fixed effects in the equation of model. Various animal models were applied for genetic analysis and the best model was determined based on Akaike information criteria (AIC). Breeding values of animals were predicted using Wombat program. Genetic trends were obtained by regressing the average predicted breeding values on birth year for each trait. Based on the best model, direct estimated genetic trends were positive and significance for WW, 6MW, 9MW and 12 MW were 15.51, 26.28, 58.36 and 76.70 g/year, respectively (p<0.001). Maternal genetic trend for BW and WW were 0.61 and 5.47 g/year, respectively (p<0.01). The low and moderate generic trends obtained in the present study, indicated the possibility of growth traits improvements through genetic selection at all ages in Markhoz goat.

scholarly journals Genetic evaluation modeling of the Tunisian dairy cattle: assessment of the test-day model (TDM) and lactation model (L305) in accordance to the flock size

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra Ressaissi ◽  
Mohamed Ben Hmouda
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genealogical Data ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARYGenetic evaluation in dairy cattle has been commonly carried following the lactation model (L305) and the test-day model (TDM), the purpose of this study was to test the adjustment and the accuracy of these main models in relation to the size of the Tunisian dairy flocks while assessing the effect of genealogical data availability on both approaches. Data were obtained from the Tunisian official milk recording system and cows were classified in accordance to the flock sizes into eight groups. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated per size group for 305-days (L305) and daily milk yields (TDM) through two animal models and by using 3 pedigrees of different quality. Contemporary groups were defined as herd*calving year for L305 and as herd*control year for TDM. Genetic evaluation approaches were compared by connecting the different obtained results. Fixed factors were observed to be differently significant per group of flock size explaining a specific variance of the average milk yield and that small flocks are mostly affected by environmental factors. Using TDM and an equilibrated pedigree file, genetic parameters were higher, breeding values were fairly compared leading to a more objective ranking of the cows and a better illustration of genetic variabilities between the flock groups. Low genetic variability and significant contribution of unfavorable environmental conditions were observed within the Tunisian dairy flocks.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters, Breeding Values and Genetic Trends for Some Productive and Reproductive Traits of Holstein Cows in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Tamer M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Khairy M. El-Bayoumi ◽  
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ◽  
Wafaa R.I.A. Sherief
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Trends

scholarly journals Association of Thermotolerance with Milk Production, Feed Saver, Fertility and Fat Percentage Breeding Values in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cattle

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Osei-Amponsah ◽  
Frank ◽  
Brian ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Hair Samples

In Australia, heat waves are becoming hotter and longer, and more frequent, compromising dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Selection for heat tolerance (HT) may help to ensure sustainability of production under hot summer conditions. In a study at the University of Melbourne’s Dookie Robotic Dairy Farm, we identified the 20 most heat-sensitive and 20 most heat-tolerant cows in a herd of 150 Holstein Friesian lactating cows based on phenotypic responses (increase in body temperature, panting score, and decline in milk production) of dairy cows grazing pasture and given concentrate at milking during hot summer conditions for 3 months. Hair samples were collected from the tip of the tail according to a standard protocol for genotyping (Zoetis). Results based on 36 successfully genotyped cows indicated a significant variation in feed saved (FS) genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) across age indicating a potential for its selection. The thermotolerant group had relatively higher GEBV for FS and fat% but lower milk production potential. Highly significant (P≤ 0.05) negative correlations (-0.39 to -0.69) were observed between heat tolerance and current dairy industry economic indices (Balanced Performance Index (BPI), Type Weighted Index (TWI), Australian Selection Index (ASI) and milk production), while positive correlations exist between HT and feed saved (0.44) and fertility (0.27). These findings indicate a positive association between HT and feed saved, fertility, and fat percent breeding values. However, a more extensive study including large number of lactating cows is required to confirm these genomic associations and incorporating in future breeding objectives.

EVALUATION OF DAIRY CATTLE FOR FINAL CLASS USING ANIMAL MODELS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. JAMROZIK ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Estimated breeding values for final class of 364 868 Canadian Holstein Friesian cows and 10 186 bulls from three different animal models were compared. FIRST lactation, first classifications were described by a model with fixed effects of herd-round-classifier, linear and quadratic effects of age at calving and stage of lactation at classification, and random effects of additive genetic effects of cows, and residual effects. All additive genetic relationships among animals were included. A second model used the LATEST classification on each cow rather than the first and these observations were pre-adjusted for age and stage. The third model used ALL classifications on each cow, and these were also pre-adjusted for age and stage effects. Correlations among estimated breeding values between methods ranged from 0.92 to 0.95. Estimated breeding values from LATEST were most highly correlated to sire proofs from the currently official sire model which also used the latest classification of each cow. Correlations of estimated breeding values between sires and their sons showed that results from LATEST were more accurate than results from the other two models. A model similar to that for LATEST is proposed for official genetic evaluations for conformation in the Canadian Holstein population. Key words: Animal model, conformation, dairy cattle

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document