Translocation from flowering to daughter tillers in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matthew
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Summit Metabolic Rate

Recent New Zealand cultivars of Lolium perenne often have a high rate of tiller death and replacement in late spring–early summer. A majority of the new tillers are daughter tillers of flowering tillers. Previous research has led to a hypothesis that defoliation may influence the amount of assimilate exported by flowering tillers, and hence the rate of daughter tiller formation. To test this hypothesis, flowering tillers of of nutrition that enabled the dam to gain 100 g/day of conceptus-free liveweight in addition to expected fetal growth) during the mid pregnancy (post-shearing) period (from Day 70 of pregnancy (P70) until P101). At the end of this period ewes were offered either maintenance or a high level of nutrition during late pregnancy (P102–P140). Pregnancy shearing was found to increase lamb birthweight (average birthweight 5.4±0.1 v. 5.1± 0.1 kg) without differentially affecting the birthweight of singles or twins. Dam feeding level post-shearing did not affect the birthweight response to mid pregnancy shearing. Pregnancy shearing treatment had no effect on the summit metabolic rate of twin lambs. However, when results of this study are compiled with those of previous mid to late pregnancy shearing studies under similar conditions, it appears that the birth weight response from pregnancy shearing is greatest where lightweight lambs are born to unshorn (control) ewes.

The influence of grazing frequency and intensity on the vigour of Lolium perenne L. under subtropical conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Second Year

Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) exhibits poor persistence in subtropical environments. Grazing management may enhance the vigour and hence persistence of this species. Perennial ryegrass was subjected to various grazing treatments, and its vigour, indexed by etiolated growth, was evaluated over 2 years. Pasture and individual tiller vigour were monitored under 5 combinations of grazing frequency and intensity, applied rotationally, and 1 treatment of continuous grazing. The vigour of infrequently grazed plots was greater than that of frequently or continuously grazed plots; however, grazing intensity did not influence vigour. Seasonally, vigour declined during mid (December and .January) to late (February and March) summer of the establishment year and from early summer (October) to autumn (May) during the second year. Poor vigour in frequently grazed plots was associated with low growth reserves rather than a lack of active tiller growth points. Towards the end of the second year, however, a lack of active tiller growth points also limited vigour in frequently grazed plots. Tillers from infrequently grazed plots (regardless of grazing intensity) had greater vigour than tillers from the frequently grazed plots. To enhance the vigour of perennial ryegrass in subtropical environments, the frequency of grazing should be reduced, particularly in summer.

Tactical versus continuous stocking for persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in pastures grazed by sheep in south-western Victoria

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Waller ◽  
P. E. Quigley ◽  
G. R. Saul ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
P. W. G. Sale
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Tiller Density

The survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants was studied in sheep pastures in south-western Victoria during the dry summer of 1996–97. Recruitment of perennial ryegrass seedlings into the pasture sward was also monitored in the autumn–winter periods in 1997 and 1998. The objective was to investigate whether a tactical stocking strategy, consisting of variable length summer, autumn and winter rotations and continuous stocking in spring, might increase perennial ryegrass tiller survival and seedling recruitment in the autumn, compared with continuous stocking all year. The grazing strategies were compared on 2 contrasting pastures: an upgraded pasture [sown with newer cultivars of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with 26 kg phosphorus/ha.year as applied fertiliser] and a naturalised perennial ryegrass pasture receiving 6 kg P/ha.year. Paddocks were grazed by Border Leicester × Merino ewes, mated to a terminal sire so as to lamb in September. Perennial ryegrass tiller density was higher on the upgraded pasture with a mean density of 7750 tillers/m2 in early summer which declined to zero live tillers by mid summer. Live tillers began to reappear before the opening rains and then increased after the rain. Mean tiller density in the upgraded pasture declined over the 2 summers, with only 2050 tillers/m2 being present 2 months after the opening rains in 1998. There were no effects (P>0.05) of pasture type or grazing strategy on the number of tagged tillers that survived the summer period. Only 12% of the vegetative tillers, randomly tagged in December 1996, survived to May 1997. More than half of the tillers (56%) that produced a seedhead produced daughter tillers which survived the dry summer–autumn period. A significant (P<0.05) interaction between grazing strategy and pasture type occurred with the number of perennial ryegrass seedlings that had established 4 weeks after the opening rains in 1997. There was a 5–11-fold increase in seedling numbers which regenerated in the tactically stocked, upgraded pasture compared with the other treatments. Seedling recruitment was considerably lower in the autumn of 1998, due presumably to an overall decline in perennial ryegrass density relative to annual grasses in 1997. A second experiment investigated the effect of excluding sheep from grazing at anthesis until seedhead maturation or until the opening rains, together with a mechanical seed dislodgment treatment at seed maturity. All exclusion treatments increased seedling recruitment 4–7-fold, compared with continuous stocking. The results suggest a possible mechanism by which perennial ryegrass density can be increased without expensive reseeding.

scholarly journals Variation in the reproductive development of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Wims ◽  
J.M. Lee ◽  
L. Rossi ◽  
D.F. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Flowering Behaviour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Plant breeding has manipulated the flowering behaviour of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by developing later-heading cultivars. However, the impacts of breeding on the intensity and temporal distribution of flowering are not known. This study compared the reproductive development of 23 perennial ryegrass cultivar/endophyte combinations. In the Waikato and Canterbury, two replicate plots were closed from grazing and tillers were collected every two weeks over a 10-week period during late spring and early summer. Plant development stage was determined for each tiller using a quantitative scale, which was then used to calculate the mean stage count of each cultivar. The rate and timing of reproductive development differed among cultivars. Mid-maturing cultivars matured earlier at both sites compared with late- and very late-maturing cultivars. While the intensity of flowering was similar between maturity groups, the temporal distribution of flowering varied: the late- and very late-maturing cultivars had lower proportions of reproductive tillers early in the season. Keywords: Lolium perenne L., reproductive development, flowering behaviour

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as pregnancy and lactation feed for ewes joined at 8 months of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Raeside ◽  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
M. Robertson ◽  
D. L. Partington ◽  
R. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Western Victoria

Ewe nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is a key determinant of ewe and lamb performance. A paddock-scale field experiment in western Victoria, Australia, tested the hypothesis that grazing maiden ewes on plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) from mid-pregnancy until lamb weaning (July 2010–January 2011) would increase ewe liveweight and condition score during this period, reduce worm egg counts, and increase lamb liveweights at birth, marking and weaning, relative to tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), but that further increases would be achieved by offering a spatially arranged sward of plantain and perennial ryegrass. The experiment tested three treatments: plantain (PL), perennial ryegrass (PR), and a 50 : 50 (by area) spatially separated mixture of perennial ryegrass and plantain (PR + PL). Plots were ~1 ha in size arranged in a randomised complete block design with four replications. The ewes were Coopworth composites joined at 8 months of age. Feed-on-offer levels (kg DM/ha) did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments, with 2.3–3.0 t DM/ha being available pre-grazing. Twin-bearing ewes had higher (P < 0.05) liveweights when offered PR + PL compared with PR or PL at late-pregnancy and higher (P < 0.05) liveweights than PR but not PL (P > 0.05) at lamb marking. At weaning, single-born lambs were heavier (P < 0.05) on PR than PR + PL, with the PL being intermediate. There were no other significant differences (P > 0.05). This experiment has found that feeding plantain to ewes during pregnancy and lactation, or offering ewes spatially separated mixes of plantain and perennial ryegrass, offers no clear liveweight or worm egg count improvement for ewes and lambs relative to a tetraploid perennial ryegrass under Western Victorian conditions.

Foliar micronutrient concentrations of eight perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars grown in four regions in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim R. Crush ◽  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
Gerald P. Cosgrove ◽  
Laura Rossi ◽  
David F. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

scholarly journals Ocena tolerancji wybranych gatunków traw i roślin motylkowatych na zasolenie środowiska [Salt tolerance of grasses and leguminous plants]

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

11 species of grasses and 10 species of leguminous plants were tested for salt tolerance. The biotest of germination viability and capacity in soline water was performed. The results proved usefulness of using seeds as bioin-dicators and allowed to show the significant interspecific differences. The following species – <i>Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum, Festuca pratensis, Arrhenetherum elatius, Trifolium resupinatum, T. incarnatum</i> and <i>Melilotus albus</i> show high level of tolerance. The less tolerant species were: <i>Festuca ovina, Agrostis alba, Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina and Medicago sativa</i>.

scholarly journals STOLON FORMATION AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR SWARD TILLER DYNAMICS IN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS

1989 ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matthew ◽  
S.J. Quilter ◽  
C.J. Korte ◽  
A.C.P. Chu ◽  
A.D. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Tiller Dynamics ◽  
Earthworm Activity

In a pot trial to investigate stolen formation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). 4 genotypes of ryegrass tested all formed stolons. After burial with approximately 30 mm soil in August, cutting and burial, or cutting alone, stolen numbers in November were 18.8 and 3 (SED 3) per plant, respectively. In a grazed ryegrass sward stolen lengths were measured at intervals between May 1987 and April 1988, and for hard and lax grazed plots respectively, were 58 and 96 m/m2 in May, increased to 137 and 164 m/m2 in December, then declined to 47 and 74 ml m2 in April 1998. Active stolon formation in the field began when tillers were buried by earthworm activity and stock trampling in winter. It appears that stolen formation in ryegrass is a response to a seasonal cycle of burial similar to that for white clover. Studies of tagged tillers indicated a pattern of sward renewal in early summer by rapid production of large numbers of tillers from stolons at the base of dying flowering tillers. Other research results suggest that this pattern of sward renewal in perennial ryegrass may be widespread. Implications for grazing management are briefly discussed. Keywords: tiller appearnace rate, perennation, carbohydrate, perennial ryegrass, stolen formation

Foliar macronutrient concentrations of eight perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars grown in four regions in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim R. Crush ◽  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
Gerald P. Cosgrove ◽  
Laura Rossi ◽  
David F. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Tilletia lolii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Abstract A description is provided for Tilletia lolii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium perenne, L. perenne subsp. multiflorum, L. remotum, L. temulentum; rarely on Agropyron villosum, Hordeum marinum. DISEASE: Covered smut on ryegrass. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, UK, USSR, Yugoslavia, Turkey; New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: No detailed information available, though infection is known to occur at the seedling stage (Sampson & Western, 1941).

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