Survival of root-nodule bacteria in dry soils exposed to high temperatures

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Marshall
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Fast Growing Species

An investigation has been made of the survival of root-nodule bacteria in autoclaved soils which, after inoculation, were dried at 30°C and subsequently exposed to higher temperatures. Rhizobium trifolii died in grey and yellow sands heated to 70° but survived in red sands and soils of heavier texture. Amendment of a grey sandy soil with 5% (w/w) of montmorillonite, illite, fly ash, or haematite protected R. trifolii from the lethal effects of exposing the dry soil to high temperatures. Kaolinite and goethite did not protect the clover root-nodule bacteria. After three successive exposures at 50° for 5 hr R. trifolii disappeared in a grey sandy soil, but still survived after four exposures in the presence of montmorillonite. The greater survival in heavy-textured soils and red sands can be attributed to the presence of appreciable amounts of illite or haematite or both in these soils, the grey and yellow sands containing only kaolinite and possibly goethite, neither being protective. Another fast-growing species of the root-nodule bacteria, R. meliloti, also failed to survive heating to 70° in a grey sandy soil. On the other hand, the slow-growing R. lupini and R. japonicum were comparatively resistant to the effects of high temperature and desiccation in the same grey sand, a fact which may explain the survival of R. lupini in certain field soils where R. trifolii fails to survive.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Root-Nodule Bacteria (Rhizobium Sp. and Bradyrhizobium Sp.) In Two Rehabilitating Sand Dune Areas Planted With Acacia Spp

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
YM Barnet ◽  
PC Catt ◽  
DH Hearne
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

This paper reports a study of biological nitrogen fixation in two sand dune regions of New South Wales where planted Acacia spp. had been used in revegetation programmes. At one location (Bridge Hill Ridge), natural regrowth had produced a complex plant community, and native legumes in addition to the planted acacias were present. The other area (Wanda Beach) was a grossly disturbed site which contained only the planted species. Symbiotic fixation in association with Australian legumes occurred at both locations at rates within the range reported by other authors. Distinct seasonal changes were apparent, with higher activities in the cooler months. The legume association seemed the only source of biologically fixed nitrogen at Bridge Hill Ridge, but at Wanda Beach cyanobacteria in an algal mat also made a contribution. Fast and slow-growing bacterial strains were obtained from root nodules of native legumes at both sites and were classed as Rhizobium sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp., respectively. This division was supported by the pattern of serological affinities of the isolates and by differences in their protein profiles demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two atypical types of root-nodule bacteria were found at Bridge Hill Ridge: non-nodulating, fast-growing isolates and an abnormally slow-growing Bradyrhizobium sp.

Growth and survival of root-nodule bacteria in legume inoculants stored at high temperatures

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Roughley ◽  
R.D.M. Simanungkalit ◽  
L.G. Gemell ◽  
E.J. Hartley ◽  
P. Cain
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Legume Inoculants

scholarly journals The effect of use of nitrogen-fixators in forage pea production

2003 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Svetlana Jokanovic ◽  
Mirjana Jarak
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Living Organisms

Microorganisms are the most numerous group of living organisms in the pedosphere. They encompass bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa and lichens. Their numbers amount to several million per one gram of absolutely dry soil while their biomass amounts to 5-20 tons per hectare. The aims of this investigation were to examine the effect of application of root nodule bacteria (single strain, mixture of strains, microbiological fertilizer "Nitragin") on the total number of microorganisms, the numbers of fungi actinomycetes, azotobacters, free nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifiers and the activity of dehydrogenase, as well as how the application of bacteria affects some parameters of nitrogen fixation (dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen). In the variant with "Nitragin", the total number of microorganisms and the numbers of fungi, azotobacters and free N-fixing bacteria increased. The largest number of actino-myceles was found in the variant with the mixture of strains. The largest number of ammonifiers was found in the variant with the single strain. The dehydrogenase activity, dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen were increased in the variants with the single strain and the mixture of strains.

Nodulation of Tropical Legumes I. Specificity in the Rhizobium Symbiosis of Leucaena leucocephala

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Trinick
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Inoculation Group

SummaryLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. failed to nodulate with 94 of the 99 strains of Rhizobium tested, representing the seven recognized cross-inoculation groups of nodule bacteria. A group of legumes including L. leucocephala, Mimosa invisa Mart., M. pudica L., Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. and Sesbania spp. showed the properties of a cross-inoculation group of plants. Rhizobia isolated from these legumes were all fast-growers and nodulate L. leucocephala, often effectively, and also many other tropical legumes, including Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk., which are usually nodulated effectively with slow-growing root-nodule bacteria. The taxonomic significance of the results is discussed.

The effects of high temperatures on certain root-nodule bacteria

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Strains

Rhizobia present in soils from western New South Wales and from the New England Tableland were subjected to a series of high temperature survival tests. Rhizobia present in air-dry soils survived temperatures higher than would be experienced under natural conditions. In moist soils the tolerance of medic rhizobia to high temperatures was much lower. Strains of Acacia, Lotus and Psoralea rhizobia from western New South Wales survived higher temperatures than strains from the New England Tableland, but the tolerance to high temperatures of medic rhizobia did not vary with source. This suggests an ecological adaptation of the three native strains not found in the introduced Medicago rhizobium.

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