Effectiveness of selection for growth rate in Zebu × British crossbred cattle. II.* Post-weaning growth and genetic estimates

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

The response to one generation of selection for weight per day of age at 18 months (W/Af), in Africander cross (AX) and Brahman cross (BX) cattle, was evaluated in the female offspring of the up and down selected parents. The high W/A< line gained significantly more than the low line over a year from weaning. The advantage of the high W/A line occurred during flush nutritional periods. The realized heritability (h2) of W/Af at 18 months was 0.52, while the estimates of h2 from mid-parental means computed within sires was higher. Heritability estimates for birth weight (Wb), weaning weight per day of age (W/Aw), pre-weaning average daily gain (Gbw) and total average daily gain from birth to final weight (Gt) were all high, while the estimate for post-weaning average daily gain from weaning to final weight (Gpw) was low. The correlated responses of all the traits were high. The genetic correlations estimated from the response and the parent-offspring regressions were all positive and high. Birth weight was the most highly correlated with Gt. All phenotypic correlations were positive but lower than the genetic correlations, the correlation between Gbw and Gpw being the lowest. Environmental correlations between birth weight and pre-weaning traits were essentially zero, and between birth weight and post-weaning traits and Gt, negative. Weight per day of age at 18 months appeared to be the most efficient and practical single trait to select beef cattle for increased growth rate.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and predicted response to selection for lean growth in an Australian commercial nucleus pig herd

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hong Nguyen ◽  
Cam P. McPhee ◽  
Claire M. Wade ◽  
Brian G. Luxford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

Genetic parameters for performance traits in a pig population were estimated using a multi-trait derivative-free REML algorithm. The 2590 total data included 922 restrictively fed male and 1668 ad libitum fed female records. Estimates of heritability (standard error in parentheses) were 0.25 (0.03), 0.15 (0.03), and 0.30 (0.05) for lifetime daily gain, test daily gain, and P2-fat depth in males, respectively; and 0.27 (0.04) and 0.38 (0.05) for average daily gain and P2-fat depth in females, respectively. The genetic correlation between P2-fat depth and test daily gain in males was –0.17 (0.06) and between P2-fat and lifetime average daily gain in females 0.44 (0.09). Genetic correlations between sexes were 0.71 (0.11) for average daily gain and –0.30 (0.10) for P2-fat depth. Genetic response per standard deviation of selection on an index combining all traits was predicted at $AU120 per sow per year. Responses in daily gain and backfat were expected to be higher when using only male selection than when using only female selection. Selection for growth rate in males will improve growth rate and carcass leanness simultaneously.

Estimates of genetic parameters for pre-weaning and post-weaning growth traits of Chios lambs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
A. Louca ◽  
O. W. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTData on 792 Chios lambs born during the 1972/73 and 1973/74 lambing seasons were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for birth weight, weaning weight, age at weaning, pre-weaning daily gain, body weight at 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks of age, and postweaning daily gain. Body weight at 15 weeks of age had the highest heritability estimate (0·73 ± 0·17) and that of post-weaning daily gain was also high (0·56 ± 0·15). Selection for either weight at 15 weeks or post-weaning daily gain would be expected to yield a greater response than selection for pre-weaning daily gain or weaning weight. Genetic correlations among weights and/or gains were positive (approximately 0·20). Phenotypic correlations among weights and gains were generally higher than genetic correlations. However, the correlation between pre— and post-weaning daily gain was small (0·08). Likewise, post-weaning daily gain had low correlations with all weights before 10 weeks. Age at weaning had moderate negative associations with all weights but a very low positive correlation with post-weaning daily gain.

ESTIMATES OF GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG CERTAIN CARCASS AND PERFORMANCE TRAITS IN SWINE

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Roy ◽  
W. J. Boylan ◽  
M. E. Seale
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Carcass Trait ◽  
Selection For ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Data from a swine breed development project provided estimates of the genetic correlation among six performance and carcass traits. The data from the new breed, called Managra, were obtained over a 7-year period. Most genetic relationships examined were such that selection for improvement of one trait would yield a favorable improvement in another. Both carcass backfat and live backfat probe were found to be negatively correlated with area of loin eye and length of carcass. A positive genetic correlation was found between post-weaning daily gain and loin eye area. A high positive genetic correlation was found between birth weight and loin eye area. An unfavorable association involved a positive genetic correlation between birth weight and backfat.Correction factors for effect of carcass weight on the magnitude of carcass trait measurements and differences in means between sexes were obtained.Heritability of the traits was estimated by paternal half-sib correlation. The estimates for carcass traits were moderately high and agree well with most other estimates reported in the literature.

MASS SELECTION FOR POST-WEANING GROWTH IN SWINE. V. CORRELATED RESPONSE OF REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS AND PRE-WEANING GROWTH

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-801
Author(s):  
I. GARNETT ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

Female reproductive performance and pre-weaning survival and growth were examined in a population of swine over 11 generations of selection for post-weaning average daily gain (ADG). Three separate breeding groups were used: (1) a Lacombe (L) line selected each generation for ADG, (2) a Yorkshire control (Y) line, and (3) a crossbred Lacombe × Yorkshire group (LY) generated each generation from the L and Y lines. Breeding group differences were evident for litter size, perinatal mortality, pre-weaning mortality, gestation length, birth weight, pre-weaning average daily gain (PreADG) and weaning weight. Selection did not affect number born, number born alive, number weaned or birth weight. When the values for the L line were expressed as a deviation from the control, pre-weaning mortality showed an increase. The increase appeared to be due to a decrease in the control rather than an increase in the L line. Gestation length showed a negative response to selection. As in the case of pre-weaning mortality, the response appeared to be a reflection of the instability of the control line. Genetic gains in PreADG of 0.004 kg/day/generation were realized in both the L line and LY group. Correspondingly, responses of 0.18 and 0.19 kg/generation were realized for weaning weight in the L line and LY group.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Škorjanc ◽  
M. Brus ◽  
M. Čandek Potokar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.

scholarly journals Short-term selection for yearling weight in a small-experimental Iranian Afshari sheep flock

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Ghafouri-Kesbi ◽  
Moradpasha Eskandarinasab ◽  
Ahmad Hassanabadi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

A selection experiment was initiated in 2000 in an Afshari sheep flock at the department of animal breeding and genetics of the University of Zanjan, Iran. The aim was to evaluate the response of Afshari sheep to selection for yearling live weight. Here, we evaluate the results of this breeding program obtained between 2000 and 2005. Traits studied were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (WWDG) and average daily gain from weaning to yearling age (YWDG). Mixed model methodology based on a multi-trait animal model was employed to estimate (co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters. Estimates of breeding values were obtained by the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method. Generation intervals on the four genetic pathways were estimated as the average age of parents at the birth of their progeny kept for reproduction. The heritability estimates were 0.34, 0.27, 0.14, 0.20 and 0.01 for BW, WW, YW, WWDG and YWDG, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations among traits studied were positive, and ranged from low (0.07, YW/WWDG) to high (0.76, YW/YWDG). Genetic improvements over the experiment based on estimated breeding values were 0.104, 0.824, 1.247, 0.005 and ≈0.00 kg for BW, WW, YW, WWDG and YWDG, respectively. Annual genetic gain for YW was relatively high, 0.311 kg yr-1, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the implemented breeding program. Correlated responses in BW, WW, WWDG and YWDG were 0.021, 0.167, 0.001 and ≈0.00 kg yr-1, respectively. Estimates of heritabilities and observed genetic trends indicated that selective breeding can lead to significant genetic improvement in Afshari sheep. The average generation interval was estimated to be 3.35 yr. The shorter generation interval was observed on the sire side compared with the dam side (3.30 yr vs. 3.78 yr), indicating faster generation turnover for sires than for dams. Key words: Sheep, animal model, genetic trend, generation interval, heritability

Feed requirements for maintenance and growth of one-year-old Angus steers selected for either fast or slow yearling growth rate

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Herd ◽  
PA Speck ◽  
PC Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
High Line ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Selection For ◽  
One Year ◽  
Daily Gain

The efficiency of feed utilisation for maintenance and growth at 1 year of age was examined in 11 steers from each of 2 lines of Angus cattle selected for either fast (high line) or slow (low line) average daily gain to 1 year of age. The steers were established on a range of dietary energy intakes for 2 trials, each of 3 weeks duration. Fasted liveweights (LW) were measured at the start and end of each trial. Body fat was estimated at the end of the first trial. At the start of the experiment the high line steers were heavier (P<0.001) than the low line steers (278 v. 203 kg). The high line steers required more (P<0.001) feed per day [48.0 v. 39.3 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)] to maintain their greater LW but required less (P = 0.05) feed to sustain each kilogram of this LW (0.174 v. 0.192 MJ ME/kg LW) and, so, were more efficient. There was no difference in the efficiency of feed use for gain in LW (0.042 v. 0.040 kg LW/MJ ME.day). However, after adjusting feed intakes for the different mature sizes (A) of the 2 lines, there was no difference in the biological efficiency of feed use for either maintenance (0.369 v. 0.359 MJ ME/kg A0.73) or gain (5.45 v. 4.37 kg LW/MJ ME.kg A0.73). These results suggest that divergent selection for growth rate in this study has produced different-sized animals whose ability to convert feed to gain in LW has not been altered.

The effect of birth weight on the estimated milk intake, growth and body composition of sow-reared piglets

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTTen littermate pairs were used to study the effects of light and heavy birth weight on the development of muscle tissue, growth rate, body composition and the estimated milk consumption of piglets reared on the sow to 6·5 kg live weight.Neither average daily gain to 6·5 kg nor body composition at the latter weight were significantly affected by birth weight. Birth weight also had no effect on the weight or deoxyribonucleic acid content of the semitendinosus musde at 6·5kg. However, pigs of hght birth weight -were lighter at 2\ days of age (P < 0·01) and older at 65 kg (P < 0·01) than those of heavy birth weight.Pigs of heavy birth weight consumed more milk per suckle than their lighter birth weight littermates (P < 0·01). However, the relative milk consumption (g/kg live weight) of both groups was similar.

Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters of growth and carcass traits from closed lines of pigs on restricted feeding

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Gu ◽  
C. S. Haley ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTData from two selected lines of pigs in closed herds of a breeding company were collected over a 5-year period. The lines were selected for growth rate and leanness and were housed together in the same environment. Animals were performance tested from 35 kg for about 58 days, and were fed individually according to a scale determined by time on test; the boars were more liberally fed than the gilts. At the end of test, average daily gain (ADG) values were calculated and ultrasonic measures were taken of fat depths at the shoulder (SF), loin (LF) and last rib, 4·5 cm (CF) and 8 cm (KF) off the mid line.Estimates of heritabilities, phenotypic and genetic correlations were obtained from paternal half-sib analyses. All heritability estimates were significantly different from zero and ranged from 0·18 to 0·42 for ADG and from 0·21 to 0·59 for fat depths. The genetic correlations between ADG and fat measurements in boars of the two lines were not significantly different from zero, averaging 0·08; in the gilts they were negative, averaging –0·39.After long-term selection, appreciable genetic variation remained in the closed lines studied here for growth rate and fat depths. Although sex and feeding level were confounded, it is likely that the genetic correlation between growth rate and fat depth was influenced by the level of feeding and associated with partitioning of energy between lean and fat deposition.

scholarly journals Korelasi Genetik Pada Sifat Pertumbuhan Sapi Aceh di Kecamatan Indrapuri Provinsi Aceh

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Tety Hartatik
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Daily Gain

(The genetic correlation of growth traits in Aceh cattle at indrapuri district Aceh Province)ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to estimate genetic correlation of growth traits on Aceh cattle including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), and Average Daily Gain (ADG). The research was done at Indrapuri Breeding and Forage Centre (IBFC) of Aceh cattle from March 2013 to April 2013. The materials of this research consist of growth records from 2010 to 2012. The genetic correlation was analyzed by variance and covariance. The results indicated that the lowest standard error (SE) value of heritability showed on birth weight 0.15+0.13. Most of genetic correlation value on growth traits was positive and high categorized ( 0.50). The lowest SE value showed on correlation between birth weight and pre-weaning ADG (0.55+0.54), birth weight and post-weaning ADG (0,63+0,62), pre-weaning ADG and post-weaning ADG (0.71+0.33), pos-weaning ADG and weight/age or W/A (0.72+0.33) then final weight and W/A (0.94+0.69). It could be concluded that most of genetic correlation value on Aceh cattle growth traits were positive and high therefore the selection based on growth traits can be done for increasing performance in Aceh cattle.

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