Estimation of genetic variance and allied parameters through biparental mating in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Srivastava ◽  
JR Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Land Race ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Biparental Mating ◽  
Morphine Content ◽  
Latex Yield

Genetic variances and allied genetic parameters were estimated for eight economic traits through biparental mating designs in two populations: (i) a local land race, and (ii) a segregating F2 population of Indian opium poppy. Estimates of additive variance were larger than the dominance variances (o2A > o2D) or environmental variance (+-R > n�2) for the majority of the eight traits examined. Narrow sense heritability (h2NS) estimates were high (60-89%) for five traits, moderate (28.3%) for peduncle length and low (< 13%) for capsule index and morphine content in the local land race, and high (57-93%) for all the eight characters in the F2 population. Average degree of dominance in the local population leaned heavily towards overdominance (G > 1 .O) for six charcters (four in negative and two in positive directions) and towards partial dominance (G < 1.0) for the remaining two traits: latex yield and flowering time (both in negative direction). Accordingly, combination breeding for latex yield and flowering duration, (F1) hybrid breeding for seed yield, morphine content and capsule number and/or population breeding for other traits, were suggested for rapid genetic improvement of opium poppy.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF HERITABILITY IN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS OF LETTUCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-526
Author(s):  
ALISSON HENRIQUE GAMA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
GABRIEL MASCARENHAS MACIEL ◽  
ANA CAROLINA SILVA SIQUIEROLI ◽  
JOSÉ MAGNO QUEIROZ LUZ ◽  
ERNANI CLARETE DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The lack of knowledge of the genetic parameters and the type of gene action results in difficulties to obtain varieties that combine agronomic and functional characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the type of gene action associated with the contents of chlorophyll and agronomic characteristics in lettuce populations. The research was conducted at the Experimental Station of Vegetables, Monte Carmelo, Brazil. To perform the crosses and obtain the generations P1, P2, F1, F2, Bc1 and Bc2 the genotypes UFU-Albina#2, UFU-Albina#3, UFU-Lisa124#2#1, UFU-Crespa199#1#1 and UFU-Lisa217#5#2 were used as parents. The generations were evaluated for three characteristics: number of leaves, plant diameter and chlorophyll content. The parameters: genetic, phenotypic, environmental and additive variance, the dominance in F2, heritability in the broad and narrow-sense, the average degree of dominance based on averages, number of genes, the measure of the dominance deviations, additive effects and all interactions of ‘additive x additive’, ‘additive x dominant’ and ‘dominant x dominant’ type, were evaluated. Chlorophyll content was the most influenced by the environment. Plant diameter had the highest narrow-sense heritability for the cross UFU-Lisa-124#2#1 x UFU-Albina#3 (82.1%). The number of genes for the number of leaves varied from inconclusive to a minimum of 9 genes. The gene interactions for number of leaves were of overdominance type, while for plant diameter and for chlorophyll content the gene interactions were of partial dominance. The characteristics are suggested as being of polygenic or oligogenic nature.

scholarly journals Reproductive Cold Stress Tolerance in Sorghum F1 Hybrids is a Heterotic Trait

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
André Schaffasz ◽  
Steffen Windpassinger ◽  
Rod Snowdon ◽  
Benjamin Wittkop
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
High Heritability

The sensitivity of sorghum to pre-flowering cold stress, resulting in reduced pollen viability and poor seed set, is a major constraint for expanding growing areas into higher altitudes and latitudes. Nevertheless, compared to juvenile cold tolerance, reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum has received much less attention so far, and very little is known about its inheritance in F1-hybrids. We have composed a representative factorial (n = 49 experimental F1-hybrids) for a comprehensive study on heterosis and combining ability for crucial tolerance traits as spikelet fertility (panicle harvest index), seed yield and pollen viability, using field trials in stress- and control environments in Germany and Mexico as well as climate chamber experiments. Our results indicate a heterotic and rather dominant inheritance of reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum, with strong effects of female general combining ability (GCA) on F1-hybrid performance in our material. These findings, together with the comparatively low contribution of specific combining ability (SCA) effects and high heritability estimates, suggest that robust and efficient enhancement of reproductive cold tolerance is feasible via hybrid breeding.

scholarly journals Design of an F1 hybrid breeding strategy for ryegrasses based on selection of self-incompatibility locus-specific alleles

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke W. Pembleton ◽  
Hiroshi Shinozuka ◽  
Junping Wang ◽  
German C. Spangenberg ◽  
John W. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Incompatibility Locus ◽  
Selection Of

Combining Ability and Heritability of Resistance to Early and Late Leafspot of Peanut1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
C. C. Green ◽  
M. K. Beute
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
High Level

Abstract Four parental lines with resistance to early leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and four parental lines with resistance to late leafspot caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton and the F1 hybrid progeny from crosses between the two groups of parents were evaluated for resistance to both leafspot diseases in the greenhouse using a detached leaf technique. The subsequent F2 plants of all crosses were evaluated in the field for resistance to early leafspot in order to estimate combining ability effects for components of partial resistance and to identify parents useful in developing lines resistant to both diseases. General combining ability, attributed largely to additive genetic variance, accounted for the largest portion of the variability among the F1 and F2 generations for most parameters of resistance to both early and late leafspots. Reciprocal effects and heterosis toward the susceptible parents were also significant for parameters of resistance to the two pathogens. GP-NC 343 and FESR 5-P2-B1 were the best parents for incorporating genes for resistance to both early and late leafspots. Progenies of NC 17090 had a high level of resistance to late leafspot in detached leaf tests and progeny of PI 350680 had reduced defoliation from early leafspot in the field. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 for parameters of resistance to early leafspot estimated from the pooled variances of F2 plants of all crosses planted in the field. Parameters of resistance evaluated in the greenhouse for F1 hybrids were compared to parameters evaluated in the field for the F2 population by rank correlation of entry means. Latent period and sporulation of the fungus on detached leaves of F1 generation plants correlated (r = −0.46 and 0.54, respectively) with defoliation of F2 plants in the field.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Genetics of Resistance to Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in Tobacco (Nicotianatabacum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
R Honarnejad ◽  
M ShoaiDeylami
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe analysis of a full diallel cross of ten tobacco varieties showed that genetic control of resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) in tobacco was governed by partial dominance. When measuring the overall genetic variance, the portion of additive variance was found to be very substantial. This property may well be inherited by progenies and with a high degree of heritability (0.60-0.63). Partitioning the total sums of squares of the genotypes into the sum of squares for general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of parents and hybrids points to additive and non-additive gene activities in generating resistance to root-knot nematodes in tobacco. Because of significant reciprocal differences, the maternal cytoplasm plays an important role in the inheritance of resistance to root-knot nematodes. The proportion of additive and heritable variance was significant and to such an extent (60 %) that a selection for resistant lines might be a promising project. Since some varieties show a high GCA for resistance, they could be regarded as donors for resistance for progenies. In addition, the significantly high SCA and resistance of several hybrids would suggest successful selection of lines with resistance to root-knot nematodes in tobacco.

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping of ms1s, a Recessive Gene for Male Sterility in Common Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8541
Author(s):  
Wenlong Yang ◽  
Yafei Li ◽  
Linhe Sun ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Jiazhu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Wheat Hybrid ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

The utilization of heterosis is an important way to improve wheat yield, and the production of wheat hybrid seeds mainly relies on male-sterile lines. Male sterility in line 15 Fan 03 derived from a cross of 72,180 and Xiaoyan 6 is controlled by a single recessive gene. The gene was mapped to the distal region of chromosome 4BS in a genetic interval of 1.4 cM and physical distance of 6.57 Mb between SSR markers Ms4BS42 and Ms4BS199 using an F2 population with 1205 individuals. Sterile individuals had a deletion of 4.57 Mb in the region presumed to carry the Ms1 locus. The allele for sterility was therefore named ms1s. Three CAPS markers were developed and verified from the region upstream of the deleted fragment and can be used for ms1s marker-assisted selection in wheat hybrid breeding. This work will enrich the utilization of male sterility genetic resources.

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