Heterosis and combining ability effects on cotton. I. Combining ability

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Thomson ◽  
DJ Luckett
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Plant Crop

Combining ability for a number of yield and quality attributes of cultivated cotton (Gossypium) was studied in two diallel experiments under high-yielding conditions in northern Australia. The first diallel comprised nine G. hirsutum parents of North American and African origin, the second diallel of thirteen parents besides American and African cultivars also included an Indian line, some Australian lines and an American G. barbadense cultivar. Each set of hybrids was grown as a half-diallel (plus the parents), first as a plant crop and then as a ratoon crop in the following season. Generally variation due to general combining ability (GCA) was significant and substantial for all traits, although specific combining ability (SCA) was also significant. GCA was shown to be closely associated with parental performance per se which may, therefore, be used with good reliability in choosing parents for use in a breeding program. The plant and ratoon performances were very similar in most instances. The African cultivars together with some medium-quality American ones showed high combining ability for yield, but the best GCA for quality characters was found in the high- quality parents. The G. barbadense cultivar was exceptional in this regard, hut it had a low GCA for yield, and there are other technical problems associated in establishing good inbred lines from hybrids between the two cultivated tetraploid species. Genotypic correlations between a pair of traits were usually similar for the plant and its respective ratoon crop, but often quite different for the two diallel combinations. In both populations selection for increased lint yield would tend to be accompanied by adverse changes in some other important characteristics.

Effects of Flowering on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seshagiri Rao
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photoperiod Control ◽  
Plant Crop

SUMMARYBy comparing flowered and non-flowered plants of the same age (where flowering was inhibited by photoperiod control), cane yield gains due to prevention of flowering were estimated to be 56·6% in a plant crop and 33·8% in a ratoon crop. Sugar gain due to prevention of flowering was 69·1% in the plant and 35·4% in the ratoon crop. A simple negative linear relation was found between cane (and sugar) yield per plant and the proportion of canes that flowered. There was no significant difference in fibre content of flowered and non-flowered canes. The influence of loss of growth, side-shoot production and pithiness on the yield of flowered canes are discussed.

Effects of nitrogen applied through new carriers on yield and quality of sugarcane

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
R. S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Neem Cake Coated Urea ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Plant Crop

SUMMARYIn a field experiment at Lucknow in 1985/87 and 1986/88, the ‘new’ N carriers urea super granules (USG), neem-cake-coated urea (NCU) and dicyandiamide-treated urea (DCD) and the traditional source of N, prilled urea (PU), were used to supply 150 kgN/ha to the plant crop (first crop after planting) of the cultivar Col 148. The ratoon crop was fertilized at 0 and 150 kgN/ha with PU over all the plant crop treatments. In both plant and ratoon crops, N application increased cane yields but decreased quality: differences in yield resulting from use of the new carriers were not significant, though the fertilizers tended to increase the final plant population density. Uptake and recovery of N were significantly greater using USG, NCU and DCD than using PU. The direct effect of N was 184 kg cane/kg of N applied to the ratoon crop but residual and cumulative effects of N applied to the plant crop on yield and quality of the ratoon crop were small. Adequate direct application of N is therefore suggested for increasing the yields of ratoon cane.

scholarly journals Effect of N and K levels and planting density on pineapple fruit yield and quality

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Antonio Vélez-Ramos ◽  
Pedro Márquez ◽  
C. Chao de Báez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Plant Crop

A pineapple [Ananas comosus (L) Merr.] field experiment was established in which planting densities and levels of foliarly applied N and K2O  were evaluated. No significant treatment interactions were detected for fruit yield and quality and production of slips and crowns. Increasing plant population from 39,174 to 52,240 and to 67,925 plants/ha resulted in a significant fruit yield increase in the ratoon crop, but had no significant effect on the plant crop. Treatment combinations of N at 336, 560 and 784 kg/ha and K2O at 246, 470 and 694 kg/ha had no significant effect on fruit yield and quality or slip and crown production in the plant crop. A significant reduction in fruit yield was obtained in the ratoon crop at the higher N-K2O levels. The reduction in yield was attributed to salt accumulation on pineapple leaves as a result of foliar spraying, especially from urea. Nitrogen and K2O levels did not significantly affect the production of slips and crowns in the plant crop. The combination of 470 and 417 kg/ha of N and K2O, respectively, produced significantly larger slips and crowns in the ratoon crop. The concentration of N, P, Ca and Mg in the D-leaf was adequate for 4-month-old plants but N and K concentration was below adequate levels in 9-month-old plants, especially at the lower treatment application. In the ratoon crop all plant nutrients were low even at the higher application rates of N and K.

scholarly journals Combining ability × environment interaction and genetic analysis for agronomic traits in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.): biplot as a tool for diallel data

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooran Golkar ◽  
Ehsan Shahbazi ◽  
Mojtaba Nouraein
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
High Seed Yield

Combining ability × environment interaction is considerable to identify the effect of environment on the combining ability and gene action of the traits to select appropriate parents for safflower hybrid production. The 36 genotype (28 F<sub>2</sub> progenies of eight-parent half-diallel crosses across 8 parental genotypes) of safflower were studied to investigate the mentioned parameters across different geographical regions of Iran. The results indicated significant differences among parents for general and specific combining ability, except for seeds per capitulum across three environments. The overall results indicated that K<sub>21</sub> and Mex.22-191 were excellent parents with greater general combining ability for the improvement of seed yield in safflower. The K<sub>21</sub> × Mex.22-191 hybrid could be, therefore, employed for the production of high seed yield in safflower breeding. The estimates of genetic variance components recommended the importance of additive- dominance genetic effects that contributed to variation in yield per plant. Such gene action expression for seed yield <a href="https://www.google.com/search?espv=2&amp;biw=1024&amp;bih=667&amp;q=define+appetite&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiT-vT4n6TMAhXoIpoKHRKqAWQQ_SoIOTAA">needs</a> auxiliary methods based on hybridization and selection for seed yield advancement in safflower.

scholarly journals GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUD COMBINATORIA GENERAL Y ESPECÍFICA EN EL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / APTITUDE À LA COMBINATION GENERAL ET SPECIFIQUE CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Laureti ◽  
Andrea Del Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
East Central ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Selection For

SUMMARYA total of 245 test cross progenies obtained by crossing cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and restorer (RHA) lines were evaluated in replicated trials in 1995 and 1997. Experiments were carried out in two locations (Osimo, East Central Italy and Budrio, Northern Italy) in 1995, whereas in 1997 trials were conducted only in Osimo. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the parents was evaluated to identify genotypes suitable to be used as testers for breeding programs and to verify the performance of hybrids. The results obtained in 1995 were used to make test crosses in 1996 to be evaluated in 1997. The GCA and SCA of RHA and CMS lines were nearly always significant for all the studied traits when lines were randomly taken in 1995. When selected testers were used on the basis of the results of the first year, the SCA of new RHA lines and GCA of new CMS lines were not significant for achene yield, but they were for the other traits.The best GCA estimates for RHA were often higher than those of CMS, indicating that selection for RHA could be more useful than for CMS. As expected, GCA was always lower than SCA. CMS and RHA, with high variance among their test crosses for yield and many other traits, could be used as testers. The lack of a tester with high variance in all traits requires more than one tester in evaluating lines. The GCA of a line can change in function of the germplasm with which it is combined.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis on yield and its component traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZA Talukder ◽  
ANM S Karim ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
M Amiruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Kernel Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were studied in a 7×7 half diallel cross in maize for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters studied. The significant estimates of GCA and SCA variances suggested the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression studied traits. In these studies, variances due to SCA were higher than GCA for all charactesr, which revealed the predominance of non additive gene action (dominance and epistasis) for controlling these traits. Parents P1 and P4 were excellent general combiner for days to tasseling and silking while P1 and P5 for early maturity. P4 for short height and, P4 and P7 for higher thousand kernel weight. The parents P4 and P6 having good combining abilities for yield. Heterosis estimation was carried out using two commercial varieties NK40 and 900MG. When standard commercial check NK40 was used, the percent heterosis for kernel yield varied from -51.39 to 12.53%. Among the 21 F1s, 3crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for kernel yield. The highest heterosis was exhibited by the cross P4×P6 (12.43%), P6×P7 (10.89%) and P2×P3 (9.87%) respectively. Compared with 900MG as check, the percent heterosis for kernel yield varied from -53.73 to 7.01%. Among the 21 F1s, none of the crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for kernel yield. The highest heterosis were exhibited by the crosses P4×P6 (7.01%), P6 x P7 (5.55%) and P2×P3 (4.57%). The crosses showed significant positive SCA values could be used for variety development after verifying them across the agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 565-577, September 2016

Field evaluation of tissue-cultured bananas in south-eastern Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Drew ◽  
MK Smith
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Conventional Material ◽  
Banana Cultivar ◽  
Plant Crop

Field performance is described for tissue cultured plants and conventional propagules of planting material of banana cultivar 'New Guinea Cavendish' (Musa sp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup). Tissuecultured plants were produced by either regeneration of plants from callus culture or by micropropagation of plants following the release of dormant buds at the leaf axils of explants. The conventional material consisted of suckers and 'bits' (lateral buds and associated corm material). Tissue-cultured plants established more quickly, were taller, and had a shorter time to bunch emergence and harvest of plant crop than conventional planting material. They had significantly (P<0.05) higher yields in terms of bunch weight, which was a function of greater numbers of fingers and hands. These advantages did not extend to the ratoon crop. Sucker production on tissue-cultured plants was significantly (P<0.01) higher up to 8 months after planting, equal to conventional material from 8 months to harvest, and then significantly lower. Twenty-two per cent of the plants derived from callus were off-types compared with 3% in the line produced by axillary bud proliferation. No off-types were observed in conventional planting material.

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