The effect of soil temperature, sowing depth and soil bulk density on the seedling emergence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Charles ◽  
GJ Blair ◽  
AC Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
A Value ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
High Bulk

The effects of temperature (constant 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24�C, and an alternating 6/12�C temperature regime), sowing depth (0, 15, 30 and 45 mm), and soil bulk density (1.1 and 1.3 g cm-3) were examined on the emergence of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, cv. Demeter) and white clover (Trifolium repens, cv. Haifa) in a factorial experiment, in controlled temperature cabinets. Mitscherlich curves were fitted to the emergence data and treatment effects on the maximum emergence percentage (A), rate of emergence (K) and time to first emergence (To), were statistically analysed. Temperature was the major factor affecting the fescue A value. The A value was low at 3 and 6�C, but increased as temperature increased to 12�C. It was depressed by the 45 mm sowing depth and by high bulk density at 30 and 45 mm. For white clover, sowing depth had a strong effect on A. Over all temperatures, A was high for surface sowing and low for deeper sowing (30 and 45 mm). For shallow sowing (15 mm), A was intermediate and increased with rising temperature. High bulk density depressed A at 15 mm. For both species, To increased as sowing depth increased, and decreased as temperature increased. The effect of sowing depth was more apparent at low temperatures. The K value for fescue increased gradually as temperature increased, but sowing depth had no effect. For clover, K increased markedly with rises in temperature for surface sowing, with smaller increases for 15, 30 and 45 mm depths. The 6/12�C regime responses for A and To were similar to the constant 12�C, while the K response was similar to the constant 9�C; these trends were similar for fescue and clover. It was concluded that establishment failures from direct drilling tall fescue on the Northern Tablelands can be related to low soil temperatures in winter (below 9�C), and for white clover, to excessive sowing depth (greater than 15 mm), particularly on high bulk density soils.

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

scholarly journals Dry matter and sheep production of four dryland tall fescue-clover pastures 4-6 years after establishment

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
A.D. Black ◽  
J.L. Moir
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Sheep Production

Effects of tall fescue cultivar ('Advance' and 'Flecha') and clover species (white and subterranean (sub) clovers) combinations on pasture dry matter (DM) and sheep production were assessed in years four (2011/12), five (2012/13) and six (2013/14) after establishment in dryland, Canterbury. 'Advance' pastures yielded less total herbage than 'Flecha' pastures (13.9 cf. 16.5 t DM/ha) but more fescue (8.6 cf. 5.9 t DM/ha) and 2.1 t DM/ha clover in year four, 13.5 t DM/ha total herbage with more fescue (8.0 cf. 4.1 t DM/ha) and 1.9 t DM/ha clover in year five, and 11.7 t DM/ha total herbage, 5.4 t DM/ha fescue and 0.8 t DM/ha clover in year six. Sub clover pastures yielded more total, fescue and clover herbage (16.9, 8.8 and 3.2 t DM/ha) than white clover pastures (13.5, 5.7 and 1.0 t DM/ha) in year four, more fescue in year five (7.2 cf. 4.9 t DM/ha), and more clover in year six (1.2 cf. 0.3 t DM/ha). Sheep liveweight gain was greater for sub than white clover pastures in year four (939 cf. 431 kg/ha) and five (697 cf. 481 kg/ha) and 689 kg/ha in year six. Therefore, sub clover and 'Advance' were generally more productive than white clover and 'Flecha', but both fescues showed similar persistence after 6 years. Keywords: cultivar, Festuca arundinacea, grass-clover mixtures, liveweight gain, Trifolium subterraneum, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Effect of pasture species on internal parasites of lambs

1996 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Knight ◽  
R.A. Moss ◽  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
R.N. Burton
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Adult Nematode ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Parasites

Increasing resistance of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites to anthelmintics and consumer resistance to the possibility of residues in animal products have prompted research on the effect of pasture species on nematodes and animal performance. Lambs (either infected with high rates of gastrointestinal nematodes or maintained nematode-free) were grazed on pure swards of chicory, high- or low-endophyte ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, lucerne, lotus, white clover or plantain. Infected lambs that grazed chicory had lower faecal egg counts and adult nematode populations, and higher carcass weights, than lambs grazed on plantain or the grass species; lambs that grazed legumes generally had intermediate counts, populations and weights. When kept parasite-free, carcass weights were up to 48% greater than in the nematodeinfected treatments. On farmlets run over 3 years, substituting 30% of the ryegrass area with lucerne or replacing the ryegrass with a multi-species mix consisting predominantly of bromes, tall fescue, phalaris, timothy and red and white clover, had no effect on gastrointestinal nematode larvae, lamb faecal worm egg or adult nematode numbers. It is concluded that a diet of pure chicory affects internal parasite populations but the small proportion included in the farmlet studies had no effect. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Dactylis glomerota, Festuca arundinacea, gastro-intestinal nematodes, lambs, Lolium perenne, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago sativa, pasture species, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Pore Size and Bulk Density as Mechanical Soil Factors Impeding Root Development

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
High Bulk

Measurements of pore size and bulk density for seven clay soils are reported in this paper as related to observations on root development under field conditions of Para, Guinea, and Bermuda grasses. The combined effects of high bulk density and predominantly small pores apparently reduce root development in Para and Bermuda. Guinea grass, a dryland forage, is able to send roots through relatively dense soil horizons with high microporosity. This might explain, at least in part, the drought tolerance of this grass.

scholarly journals Optimizing Solvent Selection and Processing Conditions to Generate High Bulk-Density, Co-Precipitated Amorphous Dispersions of Posaconazole

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Derek Frank ◽  
Luke Schenck ◽  
Athanas Koynov ◽  
Yongchao Su ◽  
Yongjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Solvent Selection ◽  
Bulk Powder ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
Amorphous Dispersions ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
High Bulk

Co-precipitation is an emerging method to generate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), notable for its ability to enable the production of ASDs containing pharmaceuticals with thermal instability and limited solubility. As is true for spray drying and other unit operations to generate amorphous materials, changes in processing conditions during co-precipitation, such as solvent selection, can have a significant impact on the molecular and bulk powder properties of co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD). Using posaconazole as a model API, this work investigates how solvent selection can be leveraged to mitigate crystallization and maximize bulk density for precipitated amorphous dispersions. A precipitation process is developed to generate high-bulk-density amorphous dispersions. Insights from this system provide a mechanistic rationale to control the solid-state and bulk powder properties of amorphous dispersions.

Aluminum toxicity and high bulk density: Role in limiting shoot and root growth of selected aluminum indicator plants and eastern gamagrass in an acid soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1551-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Foy ◽  
Ali M. Sadeghi ◽  
Jerry C. Ritchie ◽  
Donald T. Krizek ◽  
John R. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Eastern Gamagrass ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
High Bulk

Granular detergent compositions containing sodium aluminosilicate and having high bulk density

Zeolites ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
R. Donaldson ◽  
A.T. Hight ◽  
M.W. Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
High Bulk

scholarly journals A chemical method of the production of "heavy" sodium tripolyphosphate with the high content of Form I or Form II

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Banach ◽  
Zygmunt Kowalski ◽  
Zbigniew Wzorek ◽  
Katarzyna Gorazda
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Detergent Builder ◽  
High Bulk Density ◽  
Sodium Phosphates ◽  
High Bulk

A chemical method of the production of "heavy" sodium tripolyphosphate with the high content of Form I or Form II Sodium tripolyphosphate STPP is used in laundry detergent as a detergent "builder". The paper presents the chemical method of obtaining "heavy", i.e. with higher bulk density granulated sodium tripolyphosphate. The bulk density of sodium tripolyphosphate was increased by preparing a mixture of the dried sodium phosphates, the recycled subgrain of STPP and water in specific proportions and calcining this mixture for 1 hour at 400°C and 550°C (to obtain a proper STPP form) in the chamber kiln. This method allows producing the granular sodium tripolyphosphate with high bulk density (1.04-1.07 kg/dm3) and a high content of Form I or Form II, respectively.

scholarly journals Productivity of caucasian clover based pastures under irrigation

1996 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
R.A. Moss ◽  
R.N. Burton ◽  
B.E. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Measurement Period

Grasslands Kara cocksfoot, Grasslands Nui ryegrass, Grasslands Roa tall fescue, Grasslands Gala grazing brome and Grasslands Maru phalaris were sown as single grass species with either white or Caucasian clover during December 1993, on a Lismore stony silt loam in Canterbury. Plots were irrigated and rotationally grazed by sheep. Total herbage produced during the first measurement period (September 1994 to July 1995) averaged 13.6 t DM/ha. All white clover-based swards produced similar yields, but with Caucasian clover, phalaris-based swards produced the most and ryegrass and grazing brome the least. Production tended to be lower from pastures sown with Caucasian than white clover (12.9 cf. 14.2,kg DM/ha). During the second measurement period (July 1995 to May 1996) total production was similar with both legumes. When evaluated over both measurement periods, phalaris and tall fescue gave the highest and cocksfoot and ryegrass the lowest production when sown with white clover, while cocksfoot and grazing brome were the lowestproducing swards with Caucasian clover. Ten --months-after-sow.ing,-white-cIover-contributed-in excess of40% of the DM in all swards except with ryegrass and grazing brome where it contributed 20%. The proportion of white clover then declined in all pastures over the following 20 months, ryegrass-based swards having the highest (10%) and cocksfoot the lowest (1%). When sown with Caucasian clover the legume content of swards increased during the 12 months from spring 1994 in swards containing phalaris, tall fescue and grazing brome. The proportion of legume in -cocksfoot swardsmdeclined-continuously from 22 to 4% over the 20 months while it increased continuously from 4 to 28% with ryegrass. The legume content in lo-month-old pastures was higher when sown with white than with Caucasian clover but this ratio was reversed by 28 months. This occurred with all pasture types but was most pronounced with ryegrass and cocksfoot pastures. The present experiment shows Caucasian clover can make a major contribution in irrigated pastures in Canterbury. 'Wattie Bush, RD 22, Peel Forest, Geruldine Keywords: Bromus stamineus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, grazed pastures, herbage production, Lolium perenne, Phalaris aquatica, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium repens

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document