PENGELOLAAN ABU CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PEMBANGUN DETERJEN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI DESA KUAMANG KUNING KABUPATEN BUNGO

Provinsi Jambi merupakan salah satu Provinsi penyumbang hasil perkebuan kelapa sawit dengan luas areal lahan mencapai 10 – 15 ton/ha/tahun ha dan mampu memproduksi 0.55% berupa limbang cangkang kelapa sawit dan tempurung kelapa sawit. Abu cangkang kelapa sawit mengandung banyak mineral seperti SiO2 58,02%; Al2O3 8,7%; CaO 12,65%; Fe2O3 2,6%; Na2O 0,41%; MgO 4,32%; K2O 0.72%; H2O 1,97%; serta hilang pijar 8.59%, unsur K 7,5%; Ca 1,5%; Cl 1,3%; CO3 1,9%; Mg 2,8%; Na 1,1%, N 0.05%; PO4 0,9% dan SiO2 61%. Tujuan pengabdian ini memberikan pelatihan dan keterampilan kepada masyarakat Desa Kuamang Kuning dalam memanfaatkan abu cangkang kelapa sawit menjadi material zeolite 4A sebagai bahan pembangun deterjen ramah lingkungan, yang mampu menurunkan tingkat kesadahan air akibat pencemaran limbah rumah tangga. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang potensi limbah abu cangkang kelapa sawit, pengolahnnya sebagai bahan pembangun deterjen berbasis zeolite 4A, dan melakukan pelatihan. Pelatihan ini memberikan peningkatan kompetensi bagi masyarakat, sebanyak 90% masyarakat peserta pelatihan yang hadir merasakan manfaat program ini untuk menambah pengatahuan dan wawasan, 100% merasakan ada pengaruh peningkatan pengetahuan tentang deterjen sintesis dan bahayanya terhadap lingkungan, serta pengetahuan tentang potensi limbah abu cangkang kelapa sawit dan sekitar 80% masyarakat berminat untuk mengelola abu cangkan kelapa sawit sebagai salah satu alternatif peluang usaha, serta 75% berniat untuk meneruskan program ini. Kata kunci: Sawit, Cangkang Kelapa Sawit, Zeolit 4A, Pembangun Deterjen ABSTRACT Jambi Province is one of the contributing provinces to oil palm plantation products with a land area of ​​10-15 tons/ha/years and is capable of producing 0.55% in the form of palm oil shells and oil palm shells. Oil palm shell ash contains many minerals such as SiO2 58.02%; Al2O3 8.7%; CaO 12.65%; Fe2O3 2,6%; Na2O 0.41%; MgO 4.32%; K2O 0.72%; H2O 1.97%; and loss of glow 8.59%, K elements 7.5%; Ca 1.5%; Cl 1.3%; CO3 1.9%; Mg 2.8%; Na 1.1%, N 0.05%; PO4 0.9% and SiO2 61%. This program aims to provide training and skills to the people of Kuamang Kuning Village in utilizing oil palm shell ash into zeolite 4A material as a building block for environmentally friendly detergents, which can reduce water hardness levels due to household waste pollution. The activity was carried out by providing counseling on the potential for oil palm shell ash waste, processing it as a building block for zeolite 4A-based detergents, and conducting training. This training provides increased competence for the community, as many as 90% of the training participants who attended felt the benefits of this program to increase knowledge and insight, 100% felt that there was an effect of increasing knowledge about synthetic detergents and their dangers to the environment, as well as knowledge about the potential waste of oil palm shell ash and about 80% of the community are interested in managing the ash of the oil palm kernel as an alternative business opportunity, and 75% intend to continue this program. Keywords: Palm Oil, Palm Shell, Zeolite 4A, Detergent Builder

Evaluation of calcium oxalate deposition on different fabrics under different sodium oxalate-based detergent formulations

The builder is an important ingredient in detergents. Sodium oxalate is a good non-phosphate detergent builder, which has good calcium-removing properties and good wash performance in detergents. However, sodium oxalate-based detergent formulations face a tricky problem of “incrustation” on fabrics due to calcium oxalate deposition. If sodium oxalate is used in commercial detergents, then “incrustation” must be solved. In this study, we examined the effect of fabric type, anionic surfactant, polymer, and temperature on incrustation and soil redeposition (“secondary” washing effect) of a sodium oxalate-based detergent. The results showed that both the anionic surfactant and polymer influenced the deposition of calcium oxalate on fabrics. Overall, the amount of calcium oxalate deposition followed the order polyamide < polyester < cotton with the same formulation. Finally, good secondary washing effects (low ash deposition and high whiteness retention) formulations were selected by cumulative washing. The formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES)-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), MES-polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and alcohol ether sulfate (AES)-CMC had better secondary effects, and the optimal combination of the 12 formulations was AES-CMC.

Synthesis of Zeolite from Sugar Cane as Detergent Builder: Variation of Si/Al Ratio and Hydrothermal TimeSynthesis of Zeolite from Sugar Cane as Detergent Builder: Variation of Si/Al Ratio and Hydrothermal Time

Synthesis of zeolite from bagasse with variation of Si / Al ratio (1,2,1,4,1,6 and 1,8) with ZS1-ZS5 code and hydrothermal time (160, 190, 250, 340, and 460 minutes) with sample code ZSa - ZSe has been conducted. The synthesized zeolite was then applied to the detergent builder. The detergent builder of synthetic zeolite was used as a substitute for sodium tripolyphosphate, which is not environmentally friendly as it can lead to eutrophication. One of the detergent builder functions is to improve the washing efficiency of the surfactant by inactivating water-absorbing minerals (Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions) which may further deter the detergency process. Zeolites were synthesized using a sol-gel method followed by a hydrothermal process. The material used in this synthesis is Na2SiO3 (aq) (derived from bagasse) mixed with NaAl(OH)4 (aq), then stirred to form a white gel and continued by heating using autoclave at 100°C. The results obtained are zeolite-A and zeolt-X for variation of Si/Al ratio and hydrothermal time variation, with CEC value and detergency proportional to Si/Al ratio and hydrothermal time.

The influence of sodium-polyacrilic macromolecular chain length to the powder detergents secondary washing performances

In order to investigate the influence of sodium-polyacrylate polymer as a co-builder in addition to the carbonate/zeolite builders in detergent builder system, secondary washing performances of powder laundry detergent containing equal percentage of sodium polyacrylate with the different weight average molar mass, Mw, have been examined. The value of the degree of whiteness, elongation at break, and total residue content are the most important secondary washing performances that significantly depend on sodium polyacrylates efficiency used as crystal inhibitors, stabilizers for suspended soil, and agents for soil redisposition prevention on fabric surface. The values of the whiteness and elongation at break for cotton fabrics increase with the increase of average weight molecular mass, Mw, up to the value of 70000 g/mol, while in the case of further increase of weight average molar mass up to the 250000 g/mol value of these characteristics begin to decline. The values of the total residue content after combustion indicate an increase in its content with the increase of weight average molar mass of 3000 to 70000 g/mol, while the highest value has been reached in the sample of detergent containing sodiumpolyacrilic with the weight average molar mass of 250000 g/mol. All detergent samples show no significant dependence of the secondary washing characteristics on the number of washing cycles.