Assessment of yield loss caused by common root rot in wheat cultivars in Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Wildermuth ◽  
RD Tinline ◽  
RB McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana on grain yield, number of tillers, number of grains and grain weight of wheat plants were determined in four field experiments. Sites with different soil populations of B. sorokiniana were selected and inoculum of the fungus added to some plots. Disease and yield measurements were made on eight cultivars and lines differing in susceptibility to CRR. Timgalen, Songlen and Hartog were susceptible whereas Kite, 1008 C16, 141-4 and ISWYN 32 were partially resistant to CRR. Grain yield, tiller and grain number, but not grain weight decreased as disease severity increased. Diseased plants had lower tiller numbers than healthy ones and as a consequence a reduced number of grains and grain yield per plant. Five methods were compared for estimating yield loss caused by the disease. Polynomial regression equations for each cultivar between yield and disease rating of sub-crown internodes or multiple regression equations between yield and disease parameters of sub-crown internodes or tiller bases were established. A third method involved the projection of yield losses from one cultivar to other cultivars and in a fourth method yield losses were estimated from actual yields. In addition, an equation Yield loss (%) = 3 46 + 0.23 disease severity) (%) was established in one experiment and used as a fifth method in the other experiments. Yield losses estimated by methods 1 and 2 were similar and higher than those from the other methods. In areas where disease severity is high, methods 1 and 5 appear to be the most suitable for determining yield losses. Losses in a susceptible cultivar, Timgalen, varied between 13.9 and 23.9% whereas those in a partially resistant cultivar, 1008 C16, varied between 6.8 and 13.6%.

The effect of common root rot on components of grain yield in Manitou wheat

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2888-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

The effects of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on components of grain yield in naturally infected Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou were studied at Matador, Saskatchewan, by sampling plants at maturity in 1969, 1970, and 1971. Plants were sorted into severe (SE), moderate (MO), slight (SL), and clean (CL) categories based mainly on the extent of lesions on the subcrown internodes. The number of tillers per plant, the number and weight of grains per head, the weight per head, and the 1000-kernel weight in each category were determined. Increasing values of all five components were consistently associated with decreasing disease severity. SE was mostly significantly different from the other three categories in all components except 1000-kernel weight; differences between SL and MO were usually non-significant. CL and SL were mostly significantly different for the number of tillers per plant and weight per head but non-significant for the weight and number of grains per head and 1000-kernel weight. Apparently, the major effect of common root rot was to reduce the number of tillers per plant and number of grains per head.

EFFECT OF SEEDING DEPTH, SEEDING DATE AND SEED SIZE ON COMMON ROOT ROT OF SPRING BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. DUCZEK ◽  
L. J. PIENING
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seeding Emergence

The effects of variable seeding depth and dates of seeding of barley on the incidence of root rot, and on emergence and grain yield were investigated in field trials at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan. The effect of variable seeding depth of barley on intensity of root rot, grain yield, loss of yield due to root rot, and the effect of variable seed size of barley on incidence of root rot and yield were also investigated in field trials at Lacombe, Alberta. Symptoms of common root rot, based on lesions on the subcrown internode, were not influenced by seed size or seeding date but the disease increased with depth of seeding. Grain yield decreased with depth and with late seeding. Emergence was not affected by seeding date but decreased with depth of seeding. Common root rot was not associated with the reduced yields of later seeding dates but was associated with reduced yields of increased seeding depths. The increased emergence and reduced disease at shallow depths resulted in a greater number of clean plants which probably accounts for some of the increased grain yield at shallow seeding depths.

The epidemiology of common root rot in Manitou wheat. IV. Appraisal of biomass and grain yield in naturally infected crops

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1656-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Summer Fallow

The effects of common root rot (Cochliobolus sativus) on plant biomass and grain yield in naturally infected Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou were studied at Matador, Saskatchewan, by sampling plants at intervals from seeding to maturity in 1969, 1970, and 1971. Plants were categorized according to the extent of subcrown internode lesions as clean, slight, moderate, or severe. Dry weights and grain yields of plants in each category were determined. Decreasing mean dry weight per plant at all dates and grain yield per plant were consistently associated with increasing disease severity. Significant differences in biomass and grain yield generally existed between clean and slight, slight and severe, and moderate and severe categories. Very close relationships existed between losses in biomass and grain yield both per plant and per unit area. Overall mean biomass losses at maturity in severe, moderate, and slight plants as compared with clean were 58%, 37%, and 25%, respectively; losses in grain yield were 59%, 38%, and 26%, respectively. Biomass losses per square metre increased steadily with time, in all treatments. Grain yield losses per square metre for 1969, 1970, and 1971 summer-fallow checks were 30, 35, and 30%, respectively; the biomass losses at the final sampling dates were analogous.

YIELD LOSSES IN WHEAT AND BARLEY CULTIVARS FROM COMMON ROOT ROT IN FIELD TESTS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. TINLINE ◽  
R. J. LEDINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Highly Correlated

Intensity of and losses from common root rot in wheat and barley cultivars in field tests were estimated. Disease intensity was based upon the severity and prevalence of lesions on the subcrown internodes of plants. Losses were calculated relative to the potential yield of clean plants. Disease intensities and losses usually were highly correlated in wheat; the most resistant cultivars incurred the lowest losses. In barley the association was variable; some of the cultivars intermediate in disease reaction frequently showed the least reductions in yield. Differences in tolerance may account for these results. The frequent lack of a correlation between grain yield and disease is discussed.

Inoculation of seeds with Bipolaris sorokiniana and soil fumigation methods to determine wheat and barley tolerance and yield losses caused by common root rot

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bailey ◽  
L. J. Duczek ◽  
D. A. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Healthy Seed

Wheat and barley plants that are severely infected with common root rot yield less than uninfected ones. Resistant cultivars usually have fewer diseased plants but some cultivars show tolerance as no yield loss occurs even though many plants display disease symptoms. This study assessed disease severity and yield loss due to common root rot in cultivars of wheat and barley by two techniques: i) sowing infested seed in soils with low inoculum levels of Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem., and ii) planting healthy seed in soil treated with the fumigants, metam and basamid. Infested seed exhibited reduced emergence, increased disease severity, but plot yield was not significantly affected compared with uninfested seed. The average yield loss or gain from seed treatment amongst all selections of wheat and barley was not significantly different. Losses were of the same magnitude (11.1% in barley, 6.2% in wheat) as reported in other studies. Soil fumigation reduced levels of B. sorokiniana in soil and disease severity. It also led to increased nutrient levels in soil and plant tissues, plant height, and plot yields by 16–29% compared with untreated areas. Tolerance to common root rot was exhibited by BW632, Virden, and Melvin. These losses are higher than reported in other studies which suggests yield loss may be underestimated or that common root rot is only one component of a root problem complex being affected by fumigants. Key words: Common root rot, loss, tolerance, seed inoculation, fumigation

The epidemiology of common root rot in Manitou wheat: disease progression during the growing season

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Verma ◽  
R. A. A. Morrall ◽  
R. D. Tinline
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Disease Rating

Common root rot in Triticum aestivum cultivar Manitou caused primarily by Cochliobolus sativus was followed during plant development in 1969, 1970, and 1971 at Matador, Saskatchewan. Plants were sampled at intervals, and three variables based mainly on the occurrence of lesions on subcrown internodes were studied: number of diseased plants per square meter; percentage of diseased plants; and disease rating which integrated percentage of diseased plants and disease severity on each plant. All variables increased with time, and the progression curves in all 3 years were hyperbolic, indicating that the increases were like those of a simple interest disease as described by Van der Plank. In two of the years, almost 100% of the plants were diseased considerably before the end of the season. The transformation proposed by Van der Plank for simple interest diseases, log10[1/(1 − x)], was applied to the percentages of diseased plants, and regressions were calculated. The slopes of these lines (infection rates) were as follows: 1969, 0.99% plants per day; 1970, 1.32%; and 1971, 1.96%. In 1969 the onset of disease was later than in 1970 and 1971, and there was correspondingly less disease at the end of the growing season.

Effects of cultivation on Rhizoctonia root rot, cereal cyst nematode, common root rot and yield of wheat in the Victorian Mallee

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFde Boer ◽  
JF Kollmorgen ◽  
BJ Macauley ◽  
PR Franz ◽  
Boer RF De
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effects of method, time and number of cultivations on root diseases and yield of wheat were studied in a field experiment, in 1985, on a calcareous sandy loam in the Victorian Mallee. The incidence and severity of rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) were higher in direct-drilled wheat than in wheat sown after cultivation. Compared with direct drilling, the severity of rhizoctonia root rot in seedlings was reduced by 40% with cultivation 20 weeks before sowing; by 70% with cultivation 1 day before sowing; and by 90% with 2 cultivations, the first at 16 weeks and the second 1 day before sowing. Cultivation generally increased the incidence of common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) but had no significant effects on the severity of damage by the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) or the number of nematode cysts produced, compared with direct drilling. The incidence and severity of root diseases, and the number of H. avenae cysts produced, were not significantly different in wheat sown after rotary hoeing than in wheat sown after scarifying. The severity of damage by H. avenae, the number of nematode cysts and the incidence of common root rot were higher (45, 70 and 36%, respectively) when scarifying was done 1 day before sowing, compared with scarifying 20 weeks earlier. Differences in sowing depth probably caused this effect since seed was sown deeper (as indicated by subcrown internode lengths) and plant emergence was less in the latter treatment. The timing and number of cultivations with a rotary hoe, however, did not significantly affect the severity of damage by H. avenae, the number of nematode cysts or the incidence of common root rot. The incidence of common root rot was correlated (r = 0.71) with the subcrown internode lengths, indicating that the deeper the seed was sown the greater the proportion of plants with the disease. Dry weight of seedlings and grain yield were negatively correlated (r = -0.79 and -0.66) with the severity of damage caused by H. avenae. Plant dry weight and grain yield were, however, not correlated with the severity of rhizoctonia root rot or the incidence of common root rot.

scholarly journals Lack of Relationship Between Susceptibility to Common Root Rot and Drought Tolerance Among Several Closely Related Wheat Lines

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccinni ◽  
C. M. Rush ◽  
K. M. Vaughn ◽  
M. D. Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Lines

Common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a disease of wheat associated with plant stress. Three cultivars (Siouxland, TAM 200, and TAM 107) and several hard red winter wheat lines closely related to TAM 107, but known to differ with respect to drought tolerance, were included in a 2-year dryland field study to evaluate whether observed variation in drought tolerance was associated with susceptibility to B. sorokiniana. Untreated seed of each entry or seed treated with imazalil was planted in soil naturally infested with B. sorokiniana. Plants were evaluated at jointing and at harvest. Disease incidence and severity, number of plants, number of heads, and grain weight per meter were evaluated. Grain weight and number of heads of individual plants were recorded in order to correlate disease rating of each plant with yield components. Plot yield and test weight also were measured. There were significant entry by seed treatment interactions for number of heads per plant, grain weight per plant, and grain weight per meter. A year by treatment interaction was found for the jointing disease index, and plants grown from seed treated with imazalil had a significantly lower disease index than those grown from nontreated seed. Observed drought tolerance among the three varieties and eight closely related plant introductions was not associated with disease susceptibility to common root rot.

scholarly journals Diverse responses of old, modern and landraces of Syrian wheat genotypes to common root rot under field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
M.I.E. Arabi ◽  
E. Al-Shehadah ◽  
M. Jawhar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract The yield response of widely grown cultivars and landraces of Syrian wheat challenged with common root rot (CRR: Cochliobolus sativus) was measured by comparing plots with and without artificial inoculation under experimental conditions in two consecutive seasons. The results showed that response to CRR differed depending on the susceptibility levels of the wheat cultivars, and that the disease significantly (P<0.05) reduced grain yield, number of tillers and kernel weight. The diseased plants had fewer tillers which consequently reduced grain yield per plant. Yield losses of Triticum durum cultivars were higher than those of Triticum aestivum. In addition, the T. durum landrace Horani exhibited the best level of resistance to the disease, which indicates that this landrace might be a candidate donor for resistance in future breeding programmes. As CRR can dramatically reduce wheat grain yields under favorable conditions, management practices that reduce disease severity are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Reaction of spring barley to common root rot under several moisture regimes: Effect on yield components, plant stand, and disease severity

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Grey ◽  
R. E. Engel ◽  
D. E. Mathre
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Common Root ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Disease Pressure

The reaction of spring barley to common root rot and its effect on yield components, plant stand, and disease severity was studied under several moisture regimes. Infection of barley from natural soil inoculum, primarily Cochliobolus sativus, was augmented with inoculum of C. sativus or Fusarium culmorum to insure uniform disease pressure during plant development. In one study during the 1986 and 1987 growing seasons, a line-source sprinkler irrigation system was utilized to establish a soil moisture gradient from a high-moisture regime receiving both irrigation water and rainfall to a dryland regime receiving only rainfall. In 1986, a second study was carried out to examine the effect of soil moisture at three locations that differed in annual precipitation. Plant emergence and harvestable tillers were reduced by C. sativus in both studies as compared to the noninoculated controls. Grain yield loss was associated with C. sativus and low plant density under drought but not under moderate to high moisture conditions. In the irrigated moisture regimes, moderate and high rainfall locations, the inoculated plants compensated for reduced plant stand and harvestable tillers by producing heavier kernels. Disease severity, based on the subcrown internode lesion development during the soft dough growth stage, did not differ in the dryland and irrigated moisture regimes. However, disease severity was higher in the drought location than in the moderate and high rainfall locations. Prolonged drought and disease pressure during seedling development can result in grain yield reductions, whereas subsequent moisture will affect the crop's ability to compensate for common root rot. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, ranking and selection, canopy temperature

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