Genetic diversity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Lawson ◽  
RJ Henry ◽  
JK Kochman ◽  
GA Kong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sunflower Genome ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Selection Of

A cross-section of sunflower genotypes grown in Australia including commercial cultivars (Suncross 40R, Hysun 33, Hysun 45CQ, Advance, DK3873), breeding lines (Sunfola, S37- 388, PhRR3, HA-R2, MC29, MC69, S37-388RR), wild sunflower varieties (H. annuus, H. argophyllus), a distantly related species (Tithonia diversifolia), and a hexaploid/diploid cross (H. tuberosus L.x H. annuus L.) were assessed for genetic diversity using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. A considerable amount of polymorphism was revealed. Of the total of 158 markers amplified, 133 were polymorphic for at least one pair-wise comparison within the 16 genotypes. Overall, 33% dissimilarity was detected, with an average of 27% dissimilarity revealed among the hybrids and breeding lines, which exhibited 38% dissimilarity to the wild varieties H. annuus and H. tuberosus, and 51% dissimilarity to Tithonia and H. tuberosus x H, annuus. PCR of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene spacer region did not reveal any polymorphisms among the cultivated and breeding lines, but did distinguish between H. tuberosus and the other wild species. This survey of a selection of sunflower genotypes indicates that the genetic base of domesticated sunflower may be quite wide. These results suggest that RAPD methodology will provide an efficient tool for the analysis of the sunflower genome, in particular in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic diversity in 19 Glycine max (L.) Merr. accessions included in the Czech National Collection of soybean genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baránek ◽  
M. Kadlec ◽  
J. Raddová ◽  
M. Vachůn ◽  
M. Pidra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism ◽  
Selection Of

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to evaluate both genetic diversity among 19 soybean accessions included in the Czech National Collection of Soybean Genotypes and their potential as a new source of genetic variations for soybean breeding programs. Only 22 of all the 40 random primers used in RAPD reactions showed polymorphism acceptable for an effective characterisation of these accessions. Altogether 122 highly reproducible RAPD fragments were generated, 55 of them were polymorphic (46%). However, because of the previously observed low degree of RAPD polymorphism in the case of Glycine max, fragments with low level of informativeness were evaluated, too. Presented results enable the selection of genetically distinct individuals. Such information may be useful to breeders willing to use genetically diverse introductions in soybean improvement process. 

Analysis of genetic diversity within Australian lucerne cultivars and implications for future genetic improvement

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Musial ◽  
K. E. Basford ◽  
J. A. G. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is autotetraploid, and predominantly allogamous. This complex breeding structure maximises the genetic diversity within lucerne populations making it difficult to genetically discriminate between populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of random genetic diversity within and between a selection of Australian-grown lucerne cultivars, with tetraploid M. falcata included as a possible divergent control source. This diversity was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). Nineteen plants from each of 10 cultivars were analysed. Using 11 RAPD primers, 96 polymorphic bands were scored as present or absent across the 190 individuals. Genetic similarity estimates (GSEs) of all pair-wise comparisons were calculated from these data. Mean GSEs within cultivars ranged from 0.43 to 0.51. Cultivar Venus (0.43) had the highest level of intra-population genetic diversity and cultivar Sequel HR (0.51) had the lowest level of intra-population genetic diversity. Mean GSEs between cultivars ranged from 0.31 to 0.49, which overlapped with values obtained for within-cultivar GSE, thus not allowing separation of the cultivars. The high level of intra- and inter-population diversity that was detected is most likely due to the breeding of synthetic cultivars using parents derived from a number of diverse sources. Cultivar-specific polymorphisms were only identified in the M. falcata source, which like M. sativa, is outcrossing and autotetraploid. From a cluster analysis and a principal components analysis, it was clear that M. falcata was distinct from the other cultivars. The results indicate that the M. falcata accession tested has not been widely used in Australian lucerne breeding programs, and offers a means of introducing new genetic diversity into the lucerne gene pool. This provides a means of maximising heterozygosity, which is essential to maximising productivity in lucerne.

Genetic diversity analysis among selected short duration chickpeacultivars and breeding lines based on STMS markers.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Asma Koinain ◽  
V S Hegde ◽  
C . Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stms Markers

Genetic diversity among 30 chickpea genotypes was evaluated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. The studies using Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site (STMS) markers markers revealed that among the primers used across the genotypes produced a total of 35 alleles representing 21 SSR loci with frequencies ranging from one to two (mean 1.66) alleles per locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.098 to 0.500 (CAM0443, CAM0446). These primers might be an effective and useful tool to determine the genetic differences among chickpea genotypes and to study the phylogenetic relationships. Polymorphic percentage was 96.42. Hierarchical neighbour-joining UPGMA cluster analysis based on simple matching similarity matrix resolved the 30 genotypes into seven clusters. Based on STMS markers highest similarity index 0.850 was observed between BGD 72 and Annigeri-1whereas BGD 9920 and ICC 92944 showed the lowest similarity index 0.214 between them. The STMS clustering pattern indicated the presence of wide genetic diversity between the genotypes. Overall, the study ascertained that SSRs provide powerful marker tools in revealing genetic diversity and relationships in chickpeas, thereby proving useful for selection of parents in breeding programs and also for DNA fingerprinting for identification of cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces through RAPD markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
R Gupta ◽  
SN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. Information on genetic diversity and relationships among rice landraces from Bangladesh is currently very limited. Thirty-five rice genotypes including 33 landraces and 01 HYV of Bangladesh and 1 Indian landrace of particular interest to breeding programs were evaluated by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. For molecular characterization, RAPD markers viz., OPC 03, OPC 04 and OPA 01 gave reproducible and distinct polymorphic amplified products. A total of 20 RAPD bands were scored of which 15 polymorphic amplification products were obtained by using these arbitrary primers. The size of amplified fragments were ranged from 550 to 1775 bp. Based on analysis performed on a similarity matrix using UPGMA, 35 genotypes were grouped into 2 main clusters. Landrace Sylhet balam and Mota aman was totally different from other genotypes. The information will facilitate selection of genotypes to serve as parents for effective rice breeding programs in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21099 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 77-87, June, 2014

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity of Avena sativa L. Varieties as an Example of a Narrow Genetic Pool of Contemporary Cereal Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Krystyna Werwińska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Genetic Similarity

The assessment of the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties is a very important element of breeding programs. This allows the determination of the level of genetic differentiation of cultivated varieties, their genetic distinctiveness, and is also of great importance in the selection of parental components for crossbreeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of oat varieties currently grown in Central Europe based on two marker systems: ISSR and SCoT. The research conducted showed that both these types of markers were suitable for conducting analyses relating to the assessment of genetic diversity. The calculated coefficients showed that the analyzed cultivars were characterized by a high genetic similarity. However, the UPGMA and PCoA analyses clearly indicated the distinctiveness of the breeding programs conducted in Central European countries. The high genetic similarity of the analyzed forms allow us to conclude that it is necessary to expand the genetic pool of oat varieties. Numerous studies show that landraces may be the donor of genetic variation.

scholarly journals Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA Analysis for Genetic Characterization of Two Breeds of Dogs, German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Jarina Joshsi ◽  
Lumanti Manandhar ◽  
Patima Shrestha ◽  
Rani Gupta ◽  
Rojlina Manadhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Random Amplification

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study genetic diversity in dog samples belonging to populations of German Shepherd and Japanese Spitz. A total of twelve samples were typed using eight RAPD primers. Out of eight primers, three primers gave result in six individuals of dogs. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor joining method based on Nei. Original measures revealed highest genetic identity found in German Shepherd as 0.9444 and highest genetic distance as 1.2809. The analysis predicts the number of polymorphic loci as 15 and the percentage of polymorphic loci as 83.3. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 73-78 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7717

Genetic diversity in sorghum mini-core and elite rainy and post-rainy genotypes of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Kuyyamudi Nanaiah Ganapathy ◽  
Sujay Rakshit ◽  
Sunil Shriram Gomashe ◽  
Suri Audilakshmi ◽  
Krishna Hariprasanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Germplasm Accessions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Knowledge on genetic diversity is necessary to determine the relationships among the genotypes, which allow the selection of individual accessions for crop breeding programmes. The present study aimed at assessing the extent and pattern of genetic diversity within a set of 251 sorghum genotypes using SSR markers. A total of 393 alleles were detected from the 251 genotypes, with the number of alleles ranging from 2 (Xcup11) to 24 (Sb5-206) and an average of 10.07 alleles per primer pair. Pairwise Wright's FST statistic and Nei's genetic distance estimates revealed that the race and geographical origin were responsible for the pattern of diversity and structure in the genetic materials. In addition, the analysis also revealed high genetic differentiation between the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups. Narrow diversity was observed among the different working groups in the rainy (restorers and varieties) and post-rainy (varieties and advanced breeding lines) sorghum groups. Neighbour-joining and STRUCTURE analysis also classified 44 elite lines broadly into two distinct groups (rainy and post-rainy). However, limited diversity within the rainy and post-rainy sorghum groups warranted an urgent need for the utilization of diverse germplasm accessions for broadening the genetic base of the Indian breeding programme. The diverse germplasm accessions identified from the mini-core accessions for utilization in breeding programmes are discussed.

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