scholarly journals AlIozyme Uniformity Within and Variation Between Races of the Colonizing Species Xanthium Strumarium L. (Noogoora Burr)

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
GF Moran ◽  
DR Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Colonizing Species ◽  
Upper Confidence Limit

The degree of polymorphism at 13 enzymic loci was tested in 12 populations of Xanthium strumarium representing all four naturalized races of this species in Australia. The races are X. chinense, X. italicum, X. pennsylvanicum and X. cavanillesii. Very little variation was found within races of X. strumarium at the loci studied. In marked contrast to this lack of intraracial variation there was considerable interracial genetic differentiation at several loci. It is concluded that genetic polymorphisms and hence populational buffering, at least at the enzyme level, has been of little significance in the adaptation of this species during its colonization of Australian environments. The observed outcrossing rate in X. italicum was zero (inestimable in the other races) with an upper confidence limit of 10-12 %, confirming previous observations that X. strumarium is predominately self-pollinated.

Alexander’s Comrades in the Chronicle of John Malalas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-485
Author(s):  
Benjamin Garstad
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Over Time

As a rule in the historical tradition, over time the larger cast of characters behind a series of events, the king and his court, is distilled down to the person of a single actor, the king, while his ministers and lieutenants are consigned to oblivion. Alexander the Great is by and large an exception to this rule. His Companions play important roles in his reign and campaigns, his character is developed to a great extent in his relations with them, and they rise to prominence in their own right as his successors; they form an indispensable part of the memory of Alexander. This is certainly true of the account of Alexander in the Chronographia of John Malalas, the seminal work of the Byzantine chronicle tradition. The men surrounding Alexander are referred to repeatedly, in marked contrast to the other historical personages who feature in the Chronographia. The terms that Malalas uses of Alexander’s Companions, however, are unusual, and require some interpretation. And the prominence of his Companions in this narrative seems intended to contribute to an essentially, but subtly negative depiction of Alexander by recalling the most disreputable incidents in Alexander’s career, which usually involved his Companions.

The Hewett Field satellites: Big Dotty, Little Dotty, Deborah, Della, Dawn and Delilah, Blocks 48/29a, 48/30a, UK North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hook
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Water Cut

AbstractSix satellite fields have been developed through the Hewett Field facilities: Big Dotty, Little Dotty, Deborah, Della, Dawn and Delilah. Little Dotty has produced from both the Leman Sandstone Formation (LSF) and Bunter Sandstone Formation (BSF) whilst the other satellites are exclusively LSF developments. The LSF reservoir quality exhibits a marked contrast across the Dowsing Fault Zone, which separates the inboard satellites to the SW from the outboard satellites to the NE. The inboard satellites, Big Dotty, Little Dotty and Dawn, display the best reservoir quality, reflecting their lesser depth of maximum burial. These fields share a strong aquifer, exhibited a rapid water-cut development and are now shut-in. The greater depth of maximum burial experienced by the outboard satellites, Deborah, Della and Delilah, is reflected in poorer reservoir quality along with weaker aquifers that are also more compartmentalized. These remain in production and will achieve higher recovery factors. Big Dotty was developed from a wellhead platform whereas the other fields were developed as subsea tie-backs. Collectively, these satellite fields have produced some 0.9 tcf of gas, playing an important strategic role in offsetting the production decline in the Hewett Field and extending the life of the asset.

The Experiment for the Fracture Toughness of the Compound Bioceramic and the Analysis for the Confidence Level of its Reliability

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3003-3010
Author(s):  
Shi Lian Xu ◽  
Rui Hong Wang ◽  
Ruo Qi Li ◽  
Ren Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Limit Curve ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Upper Confidence Limit ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
Two Parameter

The brittle is crippling the application of bioceramic. The compound bioceramic is a new biomaterial being widely applied in medical treatments and its fracture toughness is an important mechanical behaviors. In this paper, we introduce the manufacturing method of the compound bioceramic and experiment facilities for its fracture toughness, investigate its probability distribution for the experimental data and conduct the test for fit. We conclude that the experimental data for the toughness fracture of the compound bioceramic obey the two-parameter Weibull distribution, introduce the analyzing method for the upper confidence limit curve and lower confidence limit curve and study the reliability and confidence level of the fracture toughness of the compound bioceramic.

CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN MICE: FAILURE OF PENTOBARBITAL-MORPHINE TO BLOCK THE EFFECT OF NON-SPECIFIC STRESS

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Rerup
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Hypothalamic Extract ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Hormonal System

ABSTRACT Corticotrophin release in mice was determined from plasma free corticosteroid levels. The blocking effect of dexamethasone against non-specific stress was compared with that of pentobarbital-morphine. In marked contrast to the findings in the rat, pentobarbital-morphine pretreatment in mice did not prevent the activation of the pituitary-adrenal hormonal system, following the non-specific stress of histamine injection. Pentobarbital-morphine thus does not render the mouse a specific in vivo preparation for the determination of corticotrophin releasing activity (CRA). Dexamethasone, on the other hand, appears to be effective in blocking corticotrophin release due to non-specific stress and allowed of activation of the pituitary-adrenal system after intravenous injection of vasopressin and hypothalamic extract only. The steroid had no direct effect on the adenohypophysis.

A comparison of genetic variations among native andsome local chicken populations in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahsan Ivgin Tunca ◽  
Atilla Taskin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Chicken Population ◽  
Local Chicken

Genetic variations among native and local chicken populations in six different locations across Turkey were established using 15 ISSR primers, and produced 87 bright and reproducible bands. According to pairwise genetic differentiation among the populations (GST), the highest genetic differentiation was determined between the Samsun and Yozgat population and the lowest was observed between the Dulkadirli and Budak populations. Shannon’s index was calculated to be 0.239. The gene flow (Nm) among the populations was estimated to be 3.489, which indicated low levels of differentiation among the populations. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) identified 13% of the total genetic variation between the populations and the rest of the differences were 87% within the populations. Cluster analysis revealed two main branches, one leading to the domestic chicken population collected from Samsun in the Black Sea region of Turkey, the other branch clustered into two branches; one branch consisting of the Denizli Native Chicken population and the other one of domestic chicken populations sampled from Central Anatolia populations. The study is important to clarify the indigenous chicken genetic resources in Turkey. The results could be used for future breeding research conducted by either the public or private sectors.

scholarly journals Genetic differences between substrains of the inbred mouse strain 101 and designation of a new strain 102

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. West ◽  
Mary F. Lyon ◽  
Josephine Peters ◽  
Paul B. Selby
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Strain ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Genetic Contamination

SUMMARYGenetic polymorphisms revealed two distinct substrains of the inbred strain 101. One group included substrains 101*/Rl, 101/H and 101/HOxe; the other group comprised 101/El and 101/Sl. The two groups differed at 5 of the 8 genetic loci tested. The accompanying paper (Evans, Burtenshaw & Adler, 1985) shows that the two groups also differ for several chromosome polymorphisms. We suggest that genetic contamination occurred during the derivation of 101/El from 101/Rl and was already present in 101/El when 101/Sl was produced from this substrain. We further propose that these substrains be renamed 102/El and 102/Sl respectively.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Benefit of Newly Prepared Reversible Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase and Commonly Used Pyridostigmine as Pharmacological Pretreatment of Soman-Poisoned Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Jan Korábečný ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimová
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reversible Inhibitors ◽  
Hi 6

Aim: The ability of four newly prepared reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (6-chlorotacrine, 7-phenoxytacrine, compounds 1 and 2) and currently used carbamate pyridostigmine to increase the resistance of mice against soman and the efficacy of antidotal treatment of soman-poisoned mice was evaluated. Methods: The evaluation of the effect of pharmacological pretreatment is based on the identification of changes of soman-induced toxicity that was evaluated by the assessment of its LD50value and its 95% confidence limit using probitlogarithmical analysis of death occurring within 24 h after administration of soman. Results: 6-chlorotacrine was only able to markedly protect mice against acute toxicity of soman. In addition, the pharmacological pretreatment with 6-chlorotacrine or compound 2 was able to increase the efficacy of antidotal treatment (the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine) of soman-poisoned mice. The other newly prepared reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (7-phenoxytacrine, compound 1) as well as commonly used pyridostigmine did not influence the efficacy of antidotal treatment. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that pharmacological pretreatment of somanpoisoned mice can be promising and useful in the case of administration of 6-chlorotacrine and partly compound 2.

Linolenate transport by human jejunum: presumptive evidence for portal transport at low absorption rates

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. G157-G162
Author(s):  
C. M. Surawicz ◽  
D. R. Saunders ◽  
J. Sillery ◽  
C. E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Biopsy Tube ◽  
Long Chain

Are the small quantities of linolenic acid (LA) in a meal absorbed via a different pathway than the higher concentrations of the other long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in a mixed meal? To answer this question, varying LA concentrations were infused into the human jejunum via a quadruple-lumen hydraulic biopsy tube. After 0.01-mM LA infusion, no LA was found in triglyceride (TG) extracted from jejunal biopsies, although 58% of the phospholipid plus monoglyceride fraction (PL + MG) and 42% of the LCFA fraction were LA. In marked contrast, after 5.0-mM LA infusion, 60% of the TG, 28% of the PL + MG, and only 3% of the LCFA fractions were LA. By electron microscopy, mostly very low-density lipoprotein-sized (less than 750 A) particles were seen within jejunal fasting biopsies and in biopsies after 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0-mM LA infusions; mostly chylomicrons (greater than 750 A) were seen within jejunal biopsies after 5.0-mM LA infusion. We conclude that LA at its usual very low dietary concentrations is absorbed mostly as invisible LCFA and PL molecules; whereas at higher concentrations it is absorbed like most dietary fat via lacteals as TG and PL within visible chylomicrons.

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