ZnO nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin containing molecularly imprinted polymers for gravimetric sensing of very-low-density lipoprotein

The elevated level of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the blood is associated with coronary heart disease; therefore, its detection is of significant clinical importance. In this work, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layers fabricated with ZnO nanoparticles are developed for gravimetric sensing of VLDL. The use of methacrylic acid (MAA) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as functional co-monomers in an optimized ratio of 1:1 for MIP synthesis controls the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity; thus, yielding highly tailored recognition sites having adequate stability. The as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) before incorporating into the MIP matrix. The template concentration in MIP is also varied to select its optimal amount, i.e., 50 µL of 50 µg/mL VLDL solution for enhanced sensor performance. Sensor measurements reveal that the ZnO-MIP has a sensitivity of 19.285 Hz.ng-1mL-1 for VLDL, which is about 16-fold higher than the reference ZnO-NIP (non-imprinted polymer) channel. Furthermore, the ZnO-MIP sensor exhibits high selectivity for VLDL as the sensor response is 6 and 3 times higher compared to α1-acid glycoprotein and human serum albumin (HSA), respectively. Finally, the performance of the developed sensor setup is evaluated for the detection of VLDL in human serum samples indicating its potential for reliable analysis of VLDL in complex biofluids.

An Overview on Hyperlipidemia

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition indicated by an increase in one or more plasma lipids, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and/or plasma lipoproteins, such as very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein. This increase in plasma lipids is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the meanwhile, statins and fibrates remain the most common anti-hyperlipidemic drugs for treating high plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusion: Hence this review focused to study of hyperlipidemia. This review is useful to research work in hyperlididemia.

Association between Hypertriglyceridemia and Disease Severity in Visceral Leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical disease endemic to Brazil. The clinical manifestations of the infection range from asymptomatic to severe. In VL, changes in lipid metabolism, such as hypocholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, occur that are believed to be related to its progression and severity. This study investigated the associations between serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein) with clinical and hematological parameters that predict severity in a case series of 83 VL patients. Severely ill patients had higher mean serum triglyceride levels than non-severely ill patients. There was a significant positive correlation between disease severity score and serum triglyceride levels, very low-density lipoprotein, international normalized ratio for prothrombin time test, total bilirubin, and age. An inverse correlation was detected between the disease severity score and mean platelet and neutrophil counts. Hypertriglyceridemia can be a prognostic indicator of severity in patients diagnosed with VL.

Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profile in Patients Suffering from Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Objective: To evaluate and compare the levels of plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and triglycerides among the oral sub mucous fibrosis patients and control group. Design of the Study: It’s a comparative study done with simple random sampling. Study Settings: The study was done at Oral pathology department of Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital from 01-04-2017 to 30-09-2017. Material and Methods: This research was conducted on 30 clinically diagnosed cases of OSMF and 30 healthy controls. The total lipid profile including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol was evaluated. Results of the Study: CTSS The serum lipid values were decreased considerably in the cases than in the controls. Conclusion: There is a converse affiliation between lipid profile and occurrence of oral submucous fibrosis. Consequently the reduced lipid values may be used as a valuable tool in the premature detection of oral submucous fibrosis. Keywords: Oral squamous cell carcinoma, lipids, premalignant condition

Study of lipids and lipoprotein levels in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus patients attending Shadan hospital

Background: Lipid and lipoprotein levels are interrelated with diabetes mellitus. Abnormalities in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) or triglycerides (TAG) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] is traditionally named as dyslipidemia. Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with lipid disorders and cardiovascular diseases. In patients with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia occurs earlier in life, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The study aims to assess the changes in lipids and lipoprotein levels in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: A case-control type of study was conducted for 18 months (September 2011 to March 2013) at the Department of General Medicine, Shadan Hospital, Hyderabad. Ethical committee approval was taken before the study from the institutional ethical committee. A total of 120 subjects, 60 non-diabetic (healthy) control subjects with matching age and gender and, 60 cases of subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus were enrolled based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in lipids and lipoprotein levels between control (normal and healthy subjects) and case (subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus) groups. The Mean±SD levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) were higher in the cases group and showed statistical significance when compared with the control group.Conclusions: Our study states that there are abnormal levels of lipids and lipoprotein in subjects with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, which is the foremost cause of cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, etc.