Utilisation of inorganic and organic phosphorus sources by isolates of Amanita muscaria and Amanita species native to temperate eastern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Sawyer ◽  
Susan M. Chambers ◽  
John W. G. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

Utilisation of orthophosphate, inositol hexaphosphate and DNA by isolates of Amanita alboverrucosa, A. conicoverrucosa, A. fuscosquamosa, A. muscaria, A. nauseosa, A. ochrophylla, A. pyramidifera, A.�roseolamellata, A. xanthocephala and six unidentified Amanita species from eastern Australian temperate sclerophyll forests was examined during growth in axenic liquid cultures. With the exception of A. nauseosa and A.�xanthocephala on DNA, isolates of all taxa were shown to utilise orthophosphate and both organic substrates as sole phosphorus sources. Considerable intraspecific variation in utilisation of the organic phosphorus sources relative to orthophosphate was observed for A. muscaria and the native Australian taxa. Overall the data suggest that Amanita spp. may contribute significantly to organic phosphorus mobilisation in Australian forest soils.

The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. I. Intraspecific variation and factors affecting acute toxicity

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Mcilroy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Vertebrate Pests ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females

The calculated sensitivity (LD50) of a species to 1080 poison (sodium fluoroacetate), used for control of vertebrate pests, is affected by the experimental procedures employed. Variation can be minimized if the most obvious sources are avoided, as described in this paper. Very young mammals and female waterfowl in breeding condition may be more sensitive to 1080 than other members of their populations. No other substantial differences in sensitivity were found between males and females, immatures and adults, or within and between different populations of six species of birds and mammals in eastern Australia.

Effect of heat treatment of forest soil on germination of buried seed

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Warcup
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Lower Temperature

Treatment of forest soils from south-eastern Australia with aerated steam within the range 5°C (5 min) to 71°(30 min) often increased the number and variety of buried seed which germinated compared with seed germination in untreated soil. At the lower temperature (55°) prominent germination occurred in species of Juncaceae and Cyperaceae, Poranthera microphylla, Oxalis corniculata and some grasses. At higher temperatures, legumes, some epacrids and species of genera such as Pomaderris, Spyridium, Dichondra, Geranium, Opevcularia and Poranthera germinated. Artificial exposure of surface open-forest soil to the sun in summer was sufficient to cause or increase germination of several species when the soil was subsequently moistened.

Note on the Absorption of Organic Phosphorus Compounds by NitzschiaClosterium in the Dark

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Nitzschia Closterium ◽  
Phosphorus Source

It has been observed by Chu (1946) that the marine diatom Nitzschia closterium, in bacteria-free culture, grows in the light with inositol hexaphosphate as phosphorus source, and with glycerophosphate.

Seed coating and localized application of phosphate for improving seedling growth of grasses on acid, sandy red earths

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Silcock ◽  
FT Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Native Pastures

The seedling growth of tropical grasses on acidic, sandy red earths was improved greatly by the application of small amounts of phosphate fertilizers in close proximity to the seed. Fertilizer had to be applied within 5 cm of the seed of Anthephora pubescens to have any effect. Many phosphorus sources stimulated seedling growth of Cenchrus ciliaris when applied as coatings to the fascicle (the propagule containing the grain). Water-soluble orthophosphates proved the best phosphorus sources for the purpose. Optimum rates of coating ranged up to 2 mg phosphorus per fascicle (10 mg monosodium phosphate), depending on the availability of surface soil moisture. Valuable grasses such as C. ciliaris could be introduced into millions of hectares of native pastures on infertile, sandy soils in north-eastern Australia, at reasonable cost, if a suitable commercial coating process can be developed.

Fire and legacy effects of logging on understorey assemblages in wet-sclerophyll forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Daniel J. White ◽  
Peter A. Vesk
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Disturbance History ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Fell ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

Wet sclerophyll forests of south-eastern Australia typically experience wildfire once or twice a century. However, disturbance regimes have changed drastically in recent decades due to clear-fell logging and altered fire regimes. To date, botanical research on disturbances in wet-forests has focussed on individual elements of disturbance regimes, such as intensity, at single points in time, largely neglecting past disturbance history. Studies of the impact of previous disturbance history on plant responses to successive disturbance events are important to our understanding of vegetation dynamics. Here we investigate the response of wet-forest understorey species to two important elements of disturbance regimes – timing and type – and trajectories of change in these vegetation communities. In surveys separated by 15 years over 128 sites, we recorded the frequency of occurrence of 21 understorey species from stands with disturbance histories ranging from 4 years post clear-fell logging to 150 years post wildfire. Approximately half our sites were burnt in the 2009 Black Saturday wildfires. This provided an opportunity to examine the effects of inter-fire interval and the legacy effects of clear-fell logging. Generalised linear mixed modelling showed that many of the species studied appear to be at risk of population decline as a result of clear-fell logging. Unlike wildfire, clear-fell logging led to changes in the understorey, having a long-lasting impact on the presence of key wet-forest taxa that rely on vegetative regeneration. These include large shade-bearing shrubs like Hedycarya angustifolia R.Cunn., Bedfordia arborescens Hochr. and Olearia argophylla (Labill.) Benth., which were resilient to recurrent wildfire but responded negatively to recent wildfire in sites with a history of clear-fell logging. Negative effects of a short inter-fire interval were limited to a few species.

Agathis (Araucariaceae) macrofossils from Cainozoic sediments in south-eastern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Hill ◽  
Tom Lewis ◽  
Raymond J. Carpenter ◽  
Sung Soo Whang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Leaf Cuticle ◽  
Late Paleocene ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Organically preserved Cainozoic leaf fossils previously referred to Agathis are re-examined, and in all cases their affinity with that genus is confirmed. Previously undescribed organically preserved leaf fossils from several Cainozoic sites in south-eastern Australia are compared with Agathis and Wollemia and two new species of Agathis are described. Intraspecific variation in leaf cuticle morphology is examined in extant A. macrophylla in particular, and is found to be much higher than previously recorded. This makes assignment of fossil Agathis leaves to species difficult, especially when only leaf fragments are available. The new fossils extend the record of organically preserved Agathis macro-remains back to the Late Paleocene, but do not significantly extend the known spatial distribution.

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