scholarly journals Wind and insect pollination (ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Yamasaki ◽  
Shoko Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Pioneer Tree ◽  
Pioneer Plants ◽  
Study Sites

Relatively few flowering plants show ambophily (pollination by both wind and insects), and whether and when ambophily is advantageous has not been studied well. In the present study, we report ambophily in two dioecious pioneer tree species, Mallotus japonicus Müll.Arg. in a temperate forest of Japan, and Mallotus wrayi King ex Hook.f. in a tropical forest of Borneo, and discuss the conditions that contribute to the maintenance of ambophily. Both species are pollinated by wind because they set fruits even when flower visitors were excluded and because substantial amounts of airborne pollen reached female trees. Insects may also contribute to fruit set, because insects with body pollen visited female inflorescences. Because M. japonicus and M. wrayi exhibit floral characteristics that are adapted to both wind and insect pollination, ambophily may be actively maintained in the two species at the study sites and perhaps elsewhere. Whereas previous studies have indicated that ambophily is advantageous for pioneer plants because of changing wind conditions during forest succession, our preliminary data suggest that changes in population density also contribute to the maintenance of ambophily in M. japonicus.

scholarly journals Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽  
María Fernández-González ◽  
Estefanía González-Fernández ◽  
Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽  
F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

scholarly journals The role of flowering plants, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Crotalaria juncea in coffee ecosystem to diversity of insect pollinators and coffee fruit set

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Indah Setyawati ◽  
Supriyadi ◽  
Pardono ◽  
Retno Wijayanti ◽  
Retno Bandriyati Arni Putri
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Insect Pollinators

Portrait préindustriel dans un contexte de grande variabilité naturelle: une étude de cas dans le centre du Québec (Canada)

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (05) ◽  
pp. 612-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Alvarez ◽  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Louis Archambault ◽  
Frédéric Raulier
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
Industrial Forest ◽  
Landscape Scales

Pre-industrial forest cover portrait is a recognized method for establishing the bases of sustainable forest management. However, it is a spatially and temporally dependant concept that should be used with caution in presence of big fires. The objective of the study was to portray the pre-industrial landscape in a mixedwood temperate forest in central Quebec at different spatial scales. The study was based on archival records from a forest company. The pre-industrial forest cover landscape of our study area was mainly composed of mature or old-growth (>100 years) stands and dominated by mixedwood forest stands with intolerant hardwoods. The main tree species were white birch, black spruce and jack pine, three species associated to forest succession after fire in the boreal forest. Considering the great variability caused by the fires and partial knowledge of this variability, for each spatial scale considered, we propose some management targets based on the main pre-industrial characteristics of this forest. To respect the pre-industrial variability, our study suggested that silviculture should be adapted at different landscape scales. Cover types and age class targets should be based on main preindustrial characteristics at each landscape scale analyzed.

scholarly journals Forecasting the Population Density of Two Stink Bugs, Plautia crossota stali Scott and Glaucias subpunctatus (Walker) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), by Using Airborne Pollen Counts of Sugi (Cryptomerica japonica).

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Morishita ◽  
Tadao Enomoto ◽  
Hideo Komatsu ◽  
Kazuaki Naka ◽  
Hirokazu Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Pollen Counts ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

scholarly journals Myiarchus flycatchers are the primary seed dispersers of Bursera longipes in a Mexican dry forest: An overlooked coevolutionary process?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte ◽  
María del Coro Arizmendi ◽  
Pablo Corcuera
Keyword(s):  
Forest Succession ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Geographic Mosaic ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Nurse Plants ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Study Sites

We evaluated the seed dispersal of Bursera longipes by birds along a successional gradient of tropical dry forest (TDF) in southwestern Mexico. B. longipes is an endemic tree to the TDF in the Balsas basin. The relative abundance of frugivorous birds, their frequency of visits to B. longipes and the number of removed fruits were recorded at three study sites with different stages of forest succession (early, intermediate and mature) characterized by distinct floristic and structural elements. Flycatchers of the Myiarchus and Tyrannus genera removed the majority of fruits at each site. Overall, visits to B. longipes were less frequent at the early successional site. Birds that function as legitimate dispersers by consuming whole seeds and regurgitating or defecating intact seeds in the process also remove the pseudoaril from seeds, thereby facilitating the germination process. The highest germination percentages were recorded for seeds that passed through the digestive tract of two migratory flycatchers: M. cinerascens and M. nutingii. Perch plants, mainly composed of legumes (e.g., Eysenhardtia polystachya, Acacia cochliacantha, Calliandra eryophylla, Mimosa polyantha), serve also as nurse plants since the number of young individuals recruited from B. longipes was higher under these than expected by chance. This study shows that Myiarchus flycatchers are the most efficient seed dispersers of B. longipes across all successional stages. This suggests a close mutualistic relationship derived from adaptive processes and local specializations throughout the distribution of both taxa, as supported by the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution.

scholarly journals Исследование влияния паводков и некоторых биотических факторов на распространение моллюсков семейства Bithyniidae

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
А.С. Маюрова ◽  
М.А. Кустикова
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

The dependence of population density of Bithyniidae snails, which are the first intermediate hosts of Opisthorchis felineus (cat fluke), on maximum flood levels, pollutant concentrations, and the presence of leeches was investigated in water basins of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. Study sites were at the rivers Ob (Surgut environ), Irtysh (Khanty-Mansiysk environ) and Bolshoy Yugan (Ugut village). The prevalence of the mollusk was shown to correlate positively with flood levels and negatively with water pollution and the presence of leeches that feed on snails. These observations may be useful for planning measures aimed to control opisthorchiasis in indigenous people that consume fish infected with opistorchis flukes.

scholarly journals Myiarchusflycatchers are the primary seed dispersers ofBursera longipesin a Mexican dry forest

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez ◽  
Luis E. Eguiarte ◽  
María del Coro Arizmendi ◽  
Pablo Corcuera
Keyword(s):  
Forest Succession ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Geographic Mosaic ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Nurse Plants ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Study Sites

We evaluated the seed dispersal ofBursera longipesby birds along a successional gradient of tropical dry forest (TDF) in southwestern Mexico.B. longipesis an endemic tree to the TDF in the Balsas basin. The relative abundance of frugivorous birds, their frequency of visits toB. longipesand the number of removed fruits were recorded at three study sites with different stages of forest succession (early, intermediate and mature) characterized by distinct floristic and structural elements. Flycatchers of theMyiarchusandTyrannusgenera removed the majority of fruits at each site. Overall, visits toB. longipeswere less frequent at the early successional site. Birds that function as legitimate dispersers by consuming whole seeds and regurgitating or defecating intact seeds in the process also remove the pseudoaril from seeds, thereby facilitating the germination process. The highest germination percentages were recorded for seeds that passed through the digestive system of two migratory flycatchers:M. cinerascensandM. nutingii. Perch plants, mainly composed of legumes (e.g.,Eysenhardtia polystachya, Acacia cochliacantha, Calliandra eryophylla, Mimosa polyantha), serve also as nurse plants since the number of young individuals recruited fromB. longipeswas higher under these than expected by chance. This study shows thatMyiarchusflycatchers are the most efficient seed dispersers ofB. longipesacross all successional stages. This suggests a close mutualistic relationship derived from adaptive processes and local specializations throughout the distribution of both taxa, as supported by the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution.

scholarly journals Florivory and sex ratio in Annona dioica St. Hil. (Annonaceae) in the Pantanal at Nhecolândia, southwestern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hipólito Ferreira Paulino Neto ◽  
Reinaldo Chaves Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Flowers

Annona dioica St. Hil. is a species that grows to approximately 2 m tall and is very widespread in the cerrados. Individual plants of this androdioecious species produce numerous hermaphroditic or male flowers, but few fruits. The aim of this study was to determine the sex ratio among the plants and to compare the frequency of herbivory between male and hermaphroditic flowers. The fieldwork was done by studying flowering plants in grasslands used as pasture for cattle at Fazenda Nhumirim. One hundred and forty-seven male plants and 71 hermaphroditic plants were examined and produced a total of 194 and 94 flowers, respectively, during the study period. The male:hermaphrodite sex ratio was 2.07:1, and was similar to the male:hermaphrodite flower ratio of 2.06:1. The frequency of florivory rate in hermaphrodites was significantly higher than in male flowers (33.0%, n = 31, and 25.7%, n = 50, respectively; G = 14.83; d.f. = 1; p < 0.001). The mean fresh weights of male and hermaphroditic flowers were significantly different (8.38 ± 2.40 g vs. 6.93 ± 2.68 g, respectively; 0 ± SEM; n = 50 each; t = 2.479; d.f. = 49; p = 0.017). These results indicate that the low fruit set in this species can be explained by the sex ratio, the greater herbivory of hermaphroditic flowers and the probable absence of pollinators.

Plant-level fecundity and andromonoecy in three common (Melaleuca styphelioides, M. thymifolia, M. nodosa) and one rare (M. deanei) Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species of the Sydney region

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Hewitt ◽  
Paul Holford ◽  
Adrian Renshaw ◽  
Anthony Haigh ◽  
E. Charles Morris
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Plant Level

This paper reports plant-level measures of reproductive performance from large and small field populations of the vulnerable species Melaleuca deanei F.Meull. compared with three common species within the genus: Melaleuca nodosa (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm., Melaleuca thymifolia Sm. and Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. Measures reported include average seed numbers per capsule and per plant; average fruit loads per plant; the proportion of buds that become flowers and thence fruits (fruit set); the number of ovules per flower and seed : ovule ratios (seed set); and floral morphologies. Results indicate that when M. deanei flowers, bud to flower ratios and flower to fruit ratios are not reduced compared with the congeners or between large and small populations. Seed loads per plant held by fruiting plants were comparable between the species and between large and small populations of M. deanei. Seed to ovule ratios were in the order of 5–9% in M. nodosa; 5–7% in M. styphelioides; 7–10% in M. deanei; and 12–15% in M. thymifolia. Larval herbivory of ovules was recorded in M. nodosa and pre-dispersal seed predation noted in M. thymifolia. Andromonoecy was recorded in two of the species at rates of 0.9–3.1% (M. deanei) and 2.9–7% (M. thymifolia). Results suggest that seed production within smaller populations of M. deanei is poor because of a low frequency of flowering and a low proportion of flowering plants per population, rather than plant-level pollination, fruit- or seed-set barriers. Further study is needed to determine the triggers to flowering, the breeding systems, the extent of clonality and the germination and establishment requirements in these species.

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