Palynological Studies in Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla F. Muell.) Communities: Pollen Analysis in Gilgai Soil Under the Primary Forest

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Litchfield
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Biological Attack ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Successional Change ◽  
Pollen Preservation

A pollen analysis of acid clays under brigalow is presented. The pollen fluxes in a first pair of soil profiles throw light upon the natural history of one locality as regards both its modern vegetation and the physical stability of gilgai. Fluxes in the relative pollen preservation indicate intensity of biological attack on the exine. In a profile representative of the higher level, preservation is good enough, erosion or fill on a micro-scale so slight, and any vertical down-wash so slow as to show up residual flux variations from successional change. But under this natural canopy, even though there is only a very slow wash of litter and soil down to the bottom of the depression, a faster tempo of decay than any in the higher ground, and physical incorporation down deeper cracks, maintain a balance that prevents accumulation on an almost bare surface. This shows up in deeper penetration of pollen grains, in even the residual pollen types being severely eroded, and in irregular fluxes in which the successional trace is lost. Presumably, old Myrtaceae types have washed out of the soil above. The pollen fluxes indicate a natural replacement of eucalypt forest by brigalow some time before clearing. The expanding fluxes at the immediate surface are taxa from outside the forest, particularly the Chenopodiaceae, that would have become more abundant after clearing. Insight into soil stability comes from the marked contrast in the distribution and the preservation of the pollen grains across the microrelief. The higher level is physically more stable than the bottom of the adjacent depression. Depressions are surprisingly dry in natural forest, but these pollen fluxes suggest that they are occas- ionally the wettest microenvironment.

scholarly journals The history of settlement and agrarian land use in a boreal forest in Värmland, Sweden, new evidence from pollen analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrún Dögg Eddudóttir ◽  
Eva Svensson ◽  
Stefan Nilsson ◽  
Anneli Ekblom ◽  
Karl-Johan Lindholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractShielings are the historically known form of transhumance in Scandinavia, where livestock were moved from the farmstead to sites in the outlands for summer grazing. Pollen analysis has provided a valuable insight into the history of shielings. This paper presents a vegetation reconstruction and archaeological survey from the shieling Kårebolssätern in northern Värmland, western Sweden, a renovated shieling that is still operating today. The first evidence of human activities in the area near Kårebolssätern are Hordeum- and Cannabis-type pollen grains occurring from ca. 100 bc. Further signs of human impact are charcoal and sporadic occurrences of apophyte pollen from ca. ad 250 and pollen indicating opening of the canopy ca. ad 570, probably a result of modification of the forest for grazing. A decrease in land use is seen between ad 1000 and 1250, possibly in response to a shift in emphasis towards large scale commodity production in the outlands. Emphasis on bloomery iron production and pitfall hunting may have caused a shift from agrarian shieling activity. The clearest changes in the pollen assemblage indicating grazing and cultivation occur from the mid-thirteenth century, coinciding with wetter climate at the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The earliest occurrences of anthropochores in the record predate those of other shieling sites in Sweden. The pollen analysis reveals evidence of land use that predates the results of the archaeological survey. The study highlights how pollen analysis can reveal vegetation changes where early archaeological remains are obscure.

scholarly journals Can Palynology be used for Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Maize Agriculture?

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant D. Zazula
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Maize Agriculture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pollen Records

The lack of archaeological or macrobotanical evidence that directly links wild teosinte grass with early domesticated maize requires the exploration of alternative methodologies to document this evolutionary transition. The morphological characteristics and measurements for maize, teosinte and Tripsacum pollen are presented to determine if they display sufficient differentiation to be distinguished in fossil pollen records. Analysis of the data reveals a lack of distinguishing morphological characteristics between the pollen grains of these taxa and prevents palynology from be an effective method in documenting the evolutionary history of maize agriculture. Current methods of pollen analysis cannot be employed to document the evolution of teosinte to maize in the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico and pollen is not likely to provide an earlier record of this transition than what is found in the macrobotanical or archaeological evidence.

Holocene history of a raised bog, northern New Zealand, based on plant cuticles

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Haenfling ◽  
Rewi Newnham ◽  
Andrew Rees ◽  
Ignacio Jara ◽  
Aline Homes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Plant Cuticle ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Raised Bog ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Plant Cuticles ◽  
History Of

We present a method for analysing subfossil plant cuticles preserved in peat and apply the method to provide a preliminary, coarse resolution reconstruction of Holocene vegetation history at Moanatuatua Bog, northern North Island, New Zealand. The plant cuticle record reveals the early-Holocene development of a swamp and its transition to a raised bog, which is not apparent from other proxies. Comparison with a pollen record from the same sequence highlights the advantages of plant cuticle analysis in cases where pollen is hard to identify or poorly preserved. In particular, distinguishing between the pollen grains of the two main bog species, the restiads Empodisma robustum and Sporadanthus ferrugineus, relies on subtle gradational characteristics, whereas their cuticular patterns are very distinct. Furthermore, Cyperaceae pollen is poorly preserved at Moanatuatua Bog, being almost completely absent, whereas the Cyperaceae cuticles are present throughout the sequence. Therefore, we suggest that Cyperaceae pollen at this site is a less reliable indicator of local sedge communities than the cuticle record. The wide dispersal capabilities of these wind-dispersed pollen types also make them less suitable for determining local site vegetation and environmental change in comparison with cuticle remains. These results suggest that plant cuticle analysis may be a useful tool for the reconstruction of long-term vegetation changes from peat sequences, especially when used in concert with palynology. Sample preparation also proved to be fast with little equipment or chemicals needed.

scholarly journals Análisis polinico de mieles de los Parques Naturales Los Alcornocales y Sierra de Grazalema.

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Anass Terrab ◽  
Cristina Andrés ◽  
María Josefa Díez
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Natural Parks ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Class 1

RESUMEN. Análisis polinico de mieles de los Parques Naturales Los Alcornocales y Sierra de Grazalema. Seha realizado el análisis microscópico de 7 muestras de miel de los Parques Naturales Los Alcornocales y Sierra de Grazalema. Las muestras fueron proporcionadas directamente por los apicultores. Los resultados reflejan que el nectar de las flores es la principal fuente de miel en el territorio y que una muestra pertenece a la Clase I de Maurizio, cinco a la Clase II y una a la Clase V, siendo el número de granos de polen en 10 gr. de miel entre 17.500 y 1.592.700. Se han identificado 41 tipos polínicos, perteneciendo a 17 familias botánicas, resultando dos mieles monoflorales: una de girasol y otra de eucalipto.Palabras clave. Girasol, Eucalipto, Melitopalinología, Parque Natural Los Alcornocales, Parque Natural Sierra de Grazalema.ABSTRACT. Pollen analysis of honeys from the Natural Parks Los Alcornocales and Grazalema Range. Seven honey samples from different localities of The Natural Parks Los Alcornocales and Grazalcma Range have been studied by light microscopy. The results show that the nectar from flowers is the main honey source in the region and that one sample belongs to the Maurizio Class 1, five to the Class II and one to the Class V, with 17.500-1.592.700 pollen grains per 10 honey gram. 41 pollen types were identified belonging to 17 families, and two honey samples are unifloral: one of sunflower and one of eucalyptus.Key words. Sunflower, Eucalyptus, Melissopalynology, Natural Park Los Alcornocales, Natural Park Grazalema Range.

Pollen analyses from the deposits of six upland tarns in the Lake District

1964 ◽  
Vol 248 (746) ◽  
pp. 205-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Forest Clearance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Deposits

The first part of an investigation designed to cover most of the tarns of the English Lake District is described. This investigation was planned as an application of the techniques of Quaternary research to a detailed analysis of the late-Quaternary history of a single limited area which forms a clearly defined geographical region. The primary concern of the investigation is the relationship between stratigraphy and pollen content of the lake deposits, in an attempt to reconstruct the history of deposition in each tarn in relation to late- and post-Glacial changes in climate, and consequent changes in soil and vegetation in the drainage basins. In the account of pollen analysis of the sediments of six tarns at various altitudes in the south-western quadrant of the Lake District, comparisons between these various pollen diagrams from a fairly small area serve to emphasize the contrast between those widespread regional changes due to climatic change on which the pollen zonation is based, which are common to all the diagrams, and local changes due to local topography and human history, which differ in a consistent way from one tarn to another. The differences between the late-Glacial deposits of the six tarns are related to topography, and the probable limits of the last corrie glaciation of the Lake District. Evidence from pollen analysis suggests very strongly that in the early post-Glacial period forest extended over the Lake District hillsides up to the altitude of the highest tarn investigated (1800 ft.). The first indication of disturbance of the primary forest occurs at the zone boundary VII a / b the elm decline (which, as Godwin showed in his Croonian lecture of 1960, has been established to be broadly synchronous in north-west Europe at ca . 3000 B.C.). Evidence is put forward suggesting that destruction of the elm in the Lake District during the early Neolithic period was particularly pronounced round tarns near to the sites of the stone-axe factories. The next phases of forest clearance are shown to be most clearly demonstrated in those tarns around which are abundant remains of upland settlement of Bronze Age type. The relation between the successive phases of forest clearance, post-Glacial soil degradation, peat formation and soil erosion is discussed, in relation to chemical investigations by F. J. H. Mackereth (at the Windermere laboratory of the Freshwater Biological Association) which suggest that the lake deposits are derived mainly from soils in the drainage basins.

scholarly journals PALYNOLOGY OF TÖGI NDRAWA CAVE,COASTAL AREA OF NIAS ISLAND, NORTH SUMATERA

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
A.A Polhaupessy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
History Of

Environmental study of the Tögi Ndrawa Cave by means of pollen analysis has been carried out. The interpretation is made based on the occurring pollen types as guide, the resulted pollen spectra, and curves exhibited in the pollen diagram. Combined evidences obtained from the palynological, geological and archaeologi cal studies provide the basis for the interpretation of plant ecology of shore and further the vegetational history of the marine area. In the meantime, plant ecology itself is concerned not only with plant communities but also the interaction among the plants involved, and their environmental factors. Keyword: Environmental, Pollen Analysis, Tögi Ndrawa Cave Studi lingkungan GuaTögi Ndrawa, Pulau Nias, telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis polen. Interpretasi ini berdasarkan hadirnya jenis polen sebagai petunjuk dalam membentuk diagram polen. Hasil studi palinologi, geologi dan arkeologi telah menghasilkan interpretasi dasar mengenai ekologi tumbuhan pantai kemudian sejarah tumbuhan yang pernah tumbuh didaerah laut dangkal. Pada zaman ini, ekologi tumbuhan tidak hanya tergantung komunitas tumbuhan tetapi justru tergantung pada interaksi diantara komunitas tumbuhan dan faktor lingkungannya. Kata Kunci: Lingkungan, Analisis polen, Gua Tögi Ndrawa

scholarly journals Análisis polinico de mieles en la región del Pre-Rif Central (noroeste de Marruecos).

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anass Terrab ◽  
Benito Valdés ◽  
María Josefa Díez
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types

RESUMEN. Análisis polinico de mieles en la región del Pre-Rif Central (noroeste de Marruecos). Se ha realizado el análisis microscópico de 13 muestras de miel de la región del Pre-Rif Central. Las muestras fueron proporcionadas directamente por los apicultores, todos aficionados. Los resultados reflejan que el néctar de las flores es la principal fuente de miel en el territorio y que cinco muestras presentan una riqueza media de polen, con 93.000-344.000 granos de polen y ocho son ricas o muy ricas, con 522.000-3.600.000 granos de polen. Se han identificado 51 tipos polínicos por el análisis microscópico, resultando una miel monofloral de Eryngium campestre y otra de Carlina sp.Palabras clave. Melitopalinología, Marruecos, Pre-Rif Central, monofloral, Eryngium campestre, Carlina.ABSTRACT. Pollen analysis of honeys from the Pre-Rif Central region (Northwestern Morocco). Thirteen honey samples from Pre-Rif Central region are analysed. The honeys were obtained directly from amateur beekeepers. Results show that nectar is the main source of honey in this territory, and that five samples have medium p011en gathering, with 93.000-344.000 pollen grains and eight have high pollen gathering, with 522.000-3.600.000 pollen grains. A total of 51 pollen types have been identified by microscopic analysis, and two of the honey samples are monofloral, one from Eryngium campestre and one from Carlina sp.Key words. Melissopalynology, Morocco, Central Pre-Rif, unifloral, Eryngium campestre, Carlina.

Reproductive development in two species of Darwinia Rudge (Myrtaceae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Globular Embryo ◽  
Primary Endosperm Nucleus ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
History Of

In Darwinia the floral parts are differentiated in a "calyx-orolla-gynoeciumandroecium" sequence. In individual buds stages of microsporogenesis markedly precede corresponding stages of megasporogenesis. The anther is tetrasporangiate with all sporangia lying in one plane. The secretory tapetum is one- to three-layered within the same microsporangium and a large number of Ubisch bodies are formed. The anthers dehisce by minute lateral pores and an ingenious mechanism helps disperse the twocelled pollen grains. A basal placenta in the single loculus of the ovary bears four ovules in D. micropetala and two in D. fascicularis. In both species, however, only one ovule is functional after fertilization. The fully grown ovules are anatropous, crassinucellar, and bitegmic; the inner integument forms the micropyle. The parietal tissue is most massive at the completion of megasporogenesis but is progressively destroyed later. The embryo sac follows the Polygonum type of developnlent and when mature is five-nucleate, the three antipodals being ephemeral. Following fertilization, the primary endosperm nucleus divides before the zygote. Subsequent nuclear divisions in the endosperm mother cell are synchronous and lead to a free-nuclear endosperm which becomes secondarily cellular, starting from the micropylar end at the time the globular embryo assumes an elongated shape. Embryogeny is irregular and the mature embryo is straight with a massive radicle and a hypocotyl which terminates in two barely recognizable cotyledons. Sometimes the minute cotyledons are borne on a narrow neck-like extension of the hypocotyl. A suspensor is absent. Both integuments are represented in the seed coat and only the outer layer of the outer and the inner layer of the inner integuments, with their thick-walled tanniniferous cells, remain in the fully grown seed. The ovary wall is demarcated into an outer zone containing oil glands surrounded by cells containing a tannin-like substance and an inner zone of spongy parenchyma. In the fruit this spongy zone breaks down completely but the outer zone is retained. The two species of Darwinia, while closely resembling each other in their embryology, differ significantly from other Myrtaceae. However, no taxonomic conclusions are drawn at this stage, pending enquiry into the life history of other members of the tribe Chamaelaucieae.

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

scholarly journals Airborne pollen observations using a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar in Finland: characterization of pure pollen types

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Shang ◽  
Elina Giannakaki ◽  
Stephanie Bohlmann ◽  
Maria Filioglou ◽  
Annika Saarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Depolarization Ratio ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
Significant Wavelength ◽  
532 Nm

Abstract. We present a novel algorithm for characterizing the optical properties of pure pollen particles, based on the depolarization values obtained in lidar measurements. The algorithm was first tested and validated through a simulator, and then applied to the lidar observations during a four-month pollen campaign from May to August 2016 at the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) station in Kuopio (62°44′ N, 27°33′ E), in Eastern Finland. Twenty types of pollen were observed and identified from concurrent measurements with Burkard sampler; Birch (Betula), pine (Pinus), spruce (Picea) and nettle (Urtica) pollen were most abundant, contributing more than 90 % of total pollen load, regarding number concentrations. Mean values of lidar-derived optical properties in the pollen layer were retrieved for four intense pollination periods (IPPs). Lidar ratios at both 355 and 532 nm ranged from 55 to 70 sr for all pollen types, without significant wavelength-dependence. Enhanced depolarization ratio was found when there were pollen grains in the atmosphere, and even higher depolarization ratio (with mean values of 25 % or 14 %) was observed with presence of the more non-spherical spruce or pine pollen. The depolarization ratio at 532 nm of pure pollen particles was assessed, resulting to 24 ± 3 % and 36 ± 5 % for birch and pine pollen, respectively. Pollen optical properties at 1064 nm and 355 nm were also estimated. The backscatter-related Ångström exponent between 532 and 1064 nm was assessed as ~ 0.8 (~ 0.5) for pure birch (pine) pollen, thus the longer wavelength would be better choice to trace pollen in the air. The pollen depolarization ratio at 355 nm of 17 % and 30 % were found for birch and pine pollen, respectively. The depolarization values show a wavelength dependence for pollen. This can be the key parameter for pollen detection and characterization.

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