Eucalyptus Aromaphloia Pryor & Willis ̵1 a Redefinition of Geographical and Morphological Boundaries

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Chappill ◽  
PY Ladiges ◽  
D Boland

Adult and seedling morphological data collected for 37 populations referred to Eucalyptus aromaphloia Pryor & Willis have been analysed using a range of multivariate classification and ordination techniques. The analysis of adult leaf, bud and fruit morphology revealed only a subtle pattern of geographical variation of limited diagnostic significance. Differentiation in terms of seedling morphology was more marked, and four groups were identified. A relatively high incidence of character segregation in progeny from individual trees was observed and.the implications of this are discussed. Two of the four groups encompass seedlings with non-glaucous, narrow juvenile leaves and round stems. The first group comprises populations from the Little Desert and the Grampian Ranges west of the Mt William Range. The juvenile leaves are linear, sessile for many nodes and often become falcate after 15-20 nodes. The second group is a single population from east of Rylstone, north-west of Sydney. The juvenile leaves are lanceolate and become petiolate but not falcate after the 15th leaf node. This population was previously referred to E. corticosa L. Johnson. The third group is similar to the type of E. aromaphloia and populations were found only in west- central Victoria, from the Mt William Range in the Grampians east to the Brisbane Range near Melbourne. Seedlings are characterised by round stems and ovate, glaucous juvenile leaves that are sessile or subsessile for many leaf nodes. Thus E. aromaphloia s. str. has a more restricted distribution than previously described. The fourth group comprises populations from eastern Victoria where the juvenile leaves are non- glaucous, broad-lanceolate, distinctly petiolate by the 11th node and the stems are often square.

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hanken

A single population of Plethodon cinereus from northwestern Nova Scotia shows a high incidence of limb skeletal variants, which is exceptional for this morphologically conservative species. Included are nine carpal patterns and five tarsal patterns, which result from the variable occurrence of 11 different combinations of fused adjacent mesopodial elements, and frequent absence of one or more ossified phalanges; one instance of increased phalangeal number also is noted. Primitive plethodontid carpal and tarsal patterns, which characterize P. cinereus from other parts of its range, occur in 69 and 71% of the carpi and tarsi examined, respectively. Modal phalangeal formulae also are those typical of P. cinereus generally. Several mesopodial variants resemble those seen in other plethodontid genera; they may have appeared independently in P. cinereus. Others are unique to this population. Both the genetic basis and geographical extent of this variation are unknown.


1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJE Wiltshire ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
JB Reid

Ontogenetic and morphological variation in 40 natural populations of the closely related species, E. risdonii and E. tenuiramis, were assessed in a multivariate study of juvenile and adult leaf and fruit characters. The present taxonomic separation of the two taxa is based mainly on ontogenetic differences, but this study reveals that the variation between the two taxa in the retention of the juvenile leaf habit is continuous and may represent a paedomorphocline. The morphological data suggest that at least four phenetic groups are required to summarise the morphological variation in the E. risdonii/ E. tenuiramis complex. When ontogenetic variation is removed, the morphological variation between some E. risdonii and some E. tenuiramis populations is also continuous and much smaller than the morphological differences within E. tenuiramis. This suggests that E. risdonii may be the product of relatively recent changes in developmental timing (heterochrony) from E. tenuiramis.


2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna Sutton ◽  
Richard J Staniforth ◽  
Jacques Tardif

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) has been described as a poor seed producer at its distribution range limit; however, few studies have verified this claim or have examined the factors influencing the reproduction of the species. In 2000, data were collected from 60 trees growing in Manitoba at the extreme northwest limit of the natural distribution range for this species. Cones per tree were counted and samples weighed and measured. Likewise, seeds per cone were counted, measured, weighed, and tested for germination. Correlation and regression analyses compared measured characteristics among cones, among individual trees, and among portions of tree crowns (north, west, south, and east portions). Cone abundance among individual trees was significantly and positively correlated with stem diameter and with basal area increment from 1 to 4 years preceding cone maturation. Cone size and fresh mass and seed abundance, mass, and germination were not significantly correlated with individual trees or crown portions; however, seed number per cone and seed size were found to be significantly and positively correlated with cone size. Germination success in red pine increased with seed mass to a certain threshold value, beyond which more than 80% of the seeds germinated no matter what their mass. Our data for 2000 and field observations for 1999 and 2001 showed that red pine at its northwest limit of distribution range produced numerous cones and viable seeds.Key words: red pine, Pinus resinosa, distribution limit, seeds, germination, cones.


2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyatida Pimvichai ◽  
Henrik Enghoff ◽  
Somsak Panha

The subfamily Rhynchoproctinae is revised at the generic level. Four new genera and a remarkable new species are described: Alienostreptus, gen. nov. from Vietnam, Armatostreptus, gen. nov., Heptischius, gen. nov., and Heptischius lactuca, sp. nov. from Thailand, and Prominulostreptus, gen. nov. from China. Agaricogonopus Zhang & Zhang, 1997, is removed from synonymy with Junceustreptus Demange, 1961. All 14 genera of the subfamily share three diagnostic gonopodal characters: the posterior surface of the anterior coxal fold forms a deep concavity, there is a mesal flap on the gonopod coxa, and the posterior coxal fold is very low. A cladistic analysis based on morphological data supports monophyly of Rhynchoproctinae and the distincness of the newly described genera. A dichotomous key to the genera is included.


1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
PY Ladiges ◽  
AM Gray ◽  
MIH Brooker

Fourteen populations of Eucalyptus brookerana. a newly described species, and 11 populations of E. ovata were selected throughout the species' distribution ranges in southern Victoria, King Island and Tasmania, and the morphology of seedlings compared by classification and ordination techniques. Although adult trees of the two taxa can be similar in the field. seedlings are distinctly different. Both species, however, show interpopulation variation. Populations of E. brookerana from King Island. Bass Strait, and the Otway Ranges of southern Victoria were similar to one another and different as a group from the Tasmanian populations. Both E, brookerana and E. ovata showed evidence of clinal variation, e.g. increased oil gland density with increased latitude. These seedling populations were also compared with E. barberi, E. yarraensis and E. subcrenulata, and the possible evolutionary relationships of E. ovnta, E. brookerana and E. barberi are discussed.


1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Scagel ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby ◽  
J. Maze

The morphological variation of seedlings from a single population of Pseudotsuga menziesii was examined and related to their maternal parentage (41 families) and speed of germination (selection) during the course of a common garden experiment. The largest source of variation among seedlings was attributed to within-family variation. Furthermore, within-family variable intercorrelations differed from family to family, suggesting that intrinsic causal factors are important to the generation and organization of variation. Pooled within-family variation was explored and shown to be related to the between-family variation. These results suggest that developmental and historical factors cannot be ignored in the interpretation and exploitation of sources of variation. Such considerations identify limitations to Neo-Darwinian explanations and suggest reappraisal of progeny trials with respect to these issues. The results also pose limitations to our interpretations of genetic similarity on the basis of multivariate morphological data.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-802
Author(s):  
Michelle Baybutt ◽  
Mark Dooris ◽  
Alan Farrier

Abstract Globally, prisoners tend to come from marginalized and socially disadvantaged sections of the society and exhibit a high incidence of ill health, linked to social exclusion and multiple complex needs. Prisons therefore offer an important opportunity to tackle inequality and injustice, through promoting health, reducing reoffending and facilitating community reintegration.This paper reports on and critically discusses findings from an evaluative research study, which aimed to identify and explore impacts of prisoners’ participation in an innovative social and therapeutic horticultural programme, ‘Greener on the Outside for Prisons’ (GOOP), delivered in prisons in North West England. Focus groups with 16 prisoners and semi-structured interviews with six prison staff were conducted at five sites. Presented under three overarching themes (health and well-being; skills development, employability, and work preparedness; and relationships), findings suggest that engagement with and participation in GOOP were important in improving positive mental well-being, increasing physical activity and knowledge about healthier eating; developing skills and work readiness; and building relationships and catalysing and strengthening prosocial behaviours, important for good citizenship and effective resettlement. The paper concludes that – in the context of the current UK prison reform agenda and concern about the high incidence of violence, substance misuse, self-harm and suicide – prison-based horticulture can offer multiple benefits and make a significant contribution to the creation of safe, secure, supportive and health-enhancing environments. Furthermore, it contends that by joining up health and justice agendas, programmes such as GOOP have the potential to serve as powerful catalysts for wider systemic change, thereby helping tackle inequalities and social exclusion within societies across the globe.


1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Austin

A study of electrophoretic variation amongst 15 putative species of Cherax from northern and eastern Australia supported the recognition of only eight species. Analysis of morphological variation within these crayfish was largely consistent with the taxa identified electrophoretically, although variation in taxonomic characteristics was found to be far more extensive than was previously realised. Of the species identified electrophoretically, only C. dispar Riek and C. rhynchotus Riek are entirely consistent with the most recent taxonomic review of Cherax. The delineation of C. depressus Riek and C. wasselli Riek, although only partially consistent with the accepted geographic distributions of these species, is otherwise similar to the most recent taxonomic treatment. The major taxonomic changes supported by this study involve the delineation of C. cairnsensis Riek, C. cuspidatus Riek, C. destructor Clark and C. quadricarinatus (von Martens). Cherax cairnsensis, which could not be distinguished from the putative C. gladstonensis Riek and, in paa, C. wasselli and C. depressus, is an electrophoretically variable species with an extensive distribution along most of the east coast of Queensland from just north of Calms to just north of Brisbane. The species C. cuspidatus and C. neopunctatus Riek could not be clearly separated from one another and so support a more broadly defined C. cuspidatus. The four species that make up the 'C. destructor' complex (C. albidus Clark, C. davisi Clark, C. destructor Clark and C. esculus Riek) and C. rotundus Clark appear to be part of a single, morphologically variable, species, C. destructor. The redefinition of the northern Australian species C. quadricarinatus to include C. bicarinatus (Gray) from the north-west and C. albertisii (Nobili) from New Guinea is also supported on the basis of both electrophoretic and morphological data. Two species, C. punctatus and C. robustus Riek are more tentatively recognised solely on the basis of morphological evidence.


2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhadi M Habeb ◽  
Mohamed SF Al-Magamsi ◽  
Sabah Halabi ◽  
Ihsan M Eid ◽  
Sheren Shalaby ◽  
...  

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