Sporophytic self-incompatibility in diploid and tetraploid races of Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides (Asteraceae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Young ◽  
Cathy Miller ◽  
Elizabeth Gregory ◽  
Ann Langston
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Pollen Tube Penetration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Trinucleate Pollen ◽  
Behaviour Data

Controlled pollinations were used to examine the mating system of diploid and tetraploid individuals of the endangered grassland herb Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. Crosses among unrelated plants gave 1.5–2 times as many fruit as crosses between plants that were half-sibs, while selfed crosses generally resulted in no fruit. Three classes of compatibility reaction were observed within outcross treatments: (1) reciprocal compatibility, (2) one-way compatibility and (3) reciprocal incompatibility. This is diagnostic of sporophytic control of self-incompatibility, which is characteristic of the Asteraceae. This is supported by the occurrence of a dry stigma and trinucleate pollen. Analysis of the behaviour of self- and outcross pollen on the stigma by using fluorescence microscopy shows that rejection of self-pollen does not all occur at one point but at a number of stages, with cumulative reductions in the adherence of pollen to the stigma, pollen germination, pollen tube penetration of the stigma and fertilisation. On the basis of both fruit set and pollen behaviour data, for any level of relatedness, tetraploid plants are about 20% less likely to be compatible with each other than diploid plants. This presumably reflects the greater likelihood of matching S alleles given the greater potential for polymorphism at the individual level. The occurrence of two plants, one diploid and one tetraploid, that set large amounts of fruit on selfing shows that self-incompatibility can break down.

scholarly journals Evaluation of self-(in)compatibility in the almond (Prunus amygdalus batsch) genotype population from the Slankamen hill, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Colic ◽  
G. Zec ◽  
Milica Fotiric ◽  
D. Rahovic ◽  
Z. Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Pollen Growth ◽  
Pollen Tube Penetration ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus Batsch

Due to the importance of obtaining almond cultivars adapted to the agroecological conditions of Serbia, in the period 2005-2006 pollen viability and self-(in)compatibility in 19 almond genotypes selected from the seedling population on Slankamen hill, were studied. All analyzed almond genotypes had good (50-70%) or high (over 70%) pollen germination. The study of self-(in)compatibility was done by monitoring of the fruit set in the field and observing self-pollen growth by fluorescence microscopy. Self-incompatibility was confirmed in all the 19 genotypes by both methods. Pollen tube penetration was stopped mostly at the upper third of the style of all genotypes, with characteristic irregularities.

scholarly journals A Dual-Successive-Screen Model at Pollen/Stigma and Pollen Tube/Ovary Explaining Paradoxical Self-Incompatibility Diagnosis in the Olive Tree—An Interpretative Update of the Literature

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Catherine Marie Breton ◽  
Daniela Farinelli ◽  
Georgios Koubouris ◽  
Franco Famiani ◽  
Michel Raymond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
New Model ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Screen Model

The ‘pollen test’ and ‘fruit set test’ following controlled crossing combinations of parents are the most commonly used methods for pollination incompatibility studies in Olea europaea L. Self-incompatibility (SI), with diagnoses based on the pollen test and pollen germination, indicating self-compatibility, is not always followed by fruit set in this species. To solve this dispute, we have reconciled all observations into a new model. Mismatches between field and laboratory data and between methods are resolved by the dual-successive-screen model (DSSM) supposing two different loci for the expression of the two SI mechanisms. Pollen/stigma is controlled by diallelic SI, or DSI, inferring two G1 and G2 compatibility/incompatibility (C/I) groups for varieties, whereas pollen tubes in ovaries are controlled by poly-allelic SI or PASI with twenty C/I groups. To explain the selfing of varieties, we have suggested that some determinants in the pollen tube and stigma are unstable and degrade (DS-D for degradation of S-determinant) after three to five days, enabling some pollen tubes to avoid being rejected, hence reaching ovules. DSI and PASI in the DSSM and DS-D mechanisms, plus the andromonoecy of the olive tree, complexify SI studies. Inferences from DSSM and DS-D mechanisms in olive orchard practice are detailed.

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF COCONUT HYBRIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. RANASINGHE ◽  
M. D. P. KUMARATHUNGE ◽  
K. G. S. KIRIWANDENIYA
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

SUMMARYSuccessful fruit set in coconut depends on several reproductive processes including pollen germination and pollen tube growth. High temperature (˃33 °C) during flowering reduces fruit set in coconut. Therefore, identification and development of coconut varieties or hybrids with high reproductive heat tolerance will benefit the coconut industry in view of the climate changes. This experiment was conducted to quantify the response of pollen germination and pollen tube growth of seven coconut hybrids to increasing temperature from 16 to 38 °C. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to classify coconut hybrids on the basis of their temperature tolerances to pollen germination. Pollen germination and pollen tube length of the hybrids ranged from 56 to 78% and 242 to 772 µm, respectively. A modified bilinear model best described the response to temperature of pollen germination and pollen tube length. Cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt and Tmax) of pollen germination and pollen tube length varied among the seven hybrids. PCA identified Tmax for pollen germination and Topt for pollen tube length as the most important parameters in describing varietal tolerance to high temperature. PCA also identified SLGD × Sri Lanka Tall and Sri Lanka Brown Dwarf × Sri Lanka Tall as the most tolerant hybrids to high temperature stress and Sri Lanka Tall × Sri Lanka Tall and Sri Lanka Green Dwarf × San Ramon as less tolerant ones based on cardinal temperatures for pollen germination and pollen tube length. Tmax for pollen germination of the most tolerant and less tolerant hybrids were 41.9 and 39.5 °C, respectively. Topt for pollen tube length in the most tolerant and less tolerant hybrids were 29.5 and 26.0 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and the Combination of Liquid Lime Sulfur and Fish Oil on Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth, and Fruit Set in Apples

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Yoder ◽  
Rongcai Yuan ◽  
Leon Combs ◽  
Ross Byers ◽  
Jim McFerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Effects of temperature and the combination of liquid lime sulfur (LLS) and fish oil (FO) applied during bloom on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in flowers and fruit set were examined in apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). Percent germination of pollen of ‘Manchurian’ crabapples and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple flowers on the stigmatic surface of ‘Golden Delicious’ pistils increased with increasing temperature from 13 to 29 °C in the first 24 and 48 h after pollination, respectively, but not thereafter. Pollen tube growth rate in the style increased quadratically with increasing temperature from 13 to 29 °C. ‘Manchurian’ was a more effective pollenizer of ‘Golden Delicious’ than was ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen. For example, at 24 or 29 °C, some ‘Manchurian’ pollen tubes grew to the base of ‘Golden Delicious’ styles by 24 h after pollination. On the other hand, no ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen tube grew to the base of a ‘Golden Delicious’ style regardless of temperature and time. Pollen tube growth rate in the style increased with increasing day/night temperature from 7/0 to 24/7 °C. The time required for pollen tubes to grow to the base of styles decreased with increasing day/night temperature from 13/2 to 24/7 °C. Only ≈36 h was required for pollen tubes to grow to the base of style at 24/7 °C, whereas pollen tubes grew very slowly and no pollen tubes grew to the base of style at 7/0 °C regardless of pollen source. LLS + FO, applied 4 or 24 h after pollination, inhibited pollen germination, pollen tube growth in the style, fertilization, and fruit set, but it had no effect when applied 48 h after pollination. These results suggest that LLS + FO applied at this bloom stage causes flower or fruit abscission most likely by inhibiting pollen germination, pollen tube growth in the style, and fertilization.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility and Self-fruitfulness in Pear cv. Agua de Aranjuez

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sanzol ◽  
Maria Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Performance Results

Most pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars are impaired to set fruit under self-pollination, because self-fertilization is prevented by a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. However, accumulated information in this species shows that often for a same cultivar, after self-pollination, a variable response in fruit set can be obtained in different years or growing conditions. In this work, we characterize self-incompatibility and self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’, the main Spanish pear cultivar, which also shows a variable response to self-pollination. Two years with a different fruit setting response after self-pollination, one with no fruit set and the other with a moderate fruit set, were compared for parthenocarpic fruit development and for pollen tube performance. Results show that in both years, this cultivar behaves as self-incompatible with absence of parthenocarpy. In selfed flowers, most pollen tubes are arrested in the upper half of the style, although in a small proportion of the styles, a pollen tube can reach the base of the style and eventually effect fertilization. Self-fertilization, although occurring at a low level, can explain the fruit set levels obtained under self-pollination given that flowers with just one fertilized ovule are able to set fruit. This behavior could explain confusing results about self-fruitfulness in ‘Agua de Aranjuez’ and other pear cultivars.

scholarly journals (264) In Vitro Pollen Germination of Wild Type and Transgenic `Galia' Male Parental Line Melon [Cucumis melo (L.) var. reticulatus Ser.]

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016A-1016
Author(s):  
Hector G. Nunez-Palenius ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Harry J. Klee ◽  
Don J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antisense Gene ◽  
Germination Timing

Pollen germination timing has a paramount role in fertilization of a flower. Rapid germination and outgrowth of a pollen tube that penetrates the stigma is required. Physical and biological factors can affect pollen germination timing. The objective of this study was to determine if ACC oxidase antisense gene expression could influence in vitro pollen germination and in vitro pollen tube length growth. A transgenic (ACC oxidase antisense) `Galia' male parental line had a reduced fruit set compared to its wild type. Likewise, embryo abortion and empty seeds after self-pollination in a `Galia' male parental line were observed. Wild type and transgenic `Galia' male parental line melon plants were grown in a greenhouse according to the practices of Rodriguez (2003). Male flowers were collected from these plants between 10 to 12 am; pollen was obtained by dipping the anther in germination medium (10.25% sucrose, 0.031% calcium nitrate, 0.015% boric acid, 0.0075% KNO3, and 0.016% MgSO4) at 25 °C and analyzed immediately, either for total percentage of germination after 5 minutes of incubation or to measure pollen tube growth rate every 5 minutes during 1 hour. Each flower provided an average of 250 pollen grains. Assays were conducted by using the “Hanging Drop Method” (Okay and Ayfer, 1994). Percentage of pollen germination in WT `Galia' male parental line was greater than the transgenic line. Likewise, in vitro pollen tube growth in wild type `Galia' melon was greater than pollen from the transgenic line. Possibly the ACC oxidase antisense gene expression in `Galia' male parental line may have had an influence on the reduced fruit set observed.

scholarly journals Peach Blossom Thinning with Armothin

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 852E-852
Author(s):  
Dan Ga'ash ◽  
Israel David ◽  
Malka Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Biology ◽  
Pollen Tube Penetration ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Earlier Application

Blossom thinning trials with AKZO Co. surfactant Armothin were carried out on fruitful peach cultivars Early Grande and Babcock during 1993–94. Effective thinning occurred before “full bloom” (40% to 90% FB) at 3% Armothin, increasing between 2% and 4%. However, an improved fruit distribution of `Early Grande' was achieved by repeated application (35% + 75% FB) at 2%. A second spray at 3%, just after FB, thinned some late-blooming flowers on `Babcock' trees, but a temporary leach scorch occurred, as well as with 4% Armothin (single spray) on both cultivars. For a single spray, the optimal stage was found within 60% to 90% FB, at 3% Armothin. Flower biology studies showed susceptibility of the petals to increasing Armothin concentrations at all stages, but pollen tube penetration into the pistils and subsequent fertilization failed only after an earlier application, before anthesis or pollination of the stigma. Within this range of concentration and timing, no damage occurred to the vital fruit set and to commercial yield, provided that weather conditions were favorable during bloom (and spray). Some corrective hand-thinning (20% to 60%) should be applied to the fruitful trees 3 to 4 weeks later to achieve optimal fruit size at harvest. Blossom hand-thinning is still practical in Israel.

scholarly journals Investigations of suitable pollinator for 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry cv.: pollen performance tests, germination tests, germination procedures, in vitro and in vivo pollinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tosun ◽  
F. Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Pollen Performance ◽  
Growth Experiments

The objective of this study was to determine suitable cultivars to be used as pollinators for 0900 Ziraat. 0900 Ziraat was used as a female cultivar; Bigarreu Gaucher, Bing, Noble, Starks Gold, Stella, Van, and Vista were used for pollination in the experiments. Starks Gold had the highest values in terms of anther number, average number of pollens per anther, number of pollen per flower and the morphological homogeneity. The pollen viability rates showed significant differences according to stain tests. <i>In vitro</i> pollen germination in 0.5% agar + 15% sucrose + 5 ppm boric acid medium increased with increasing incubation period, and the highest germination was obtained after 48 hours for all cultivars. In orchard trials parallel to pollen tube growth experiments in the laboratory, 0900 Ziraat &times; Starks Gold combination gave the best fruit set results.

scholarly journals Pollen Tube Growth and Fruit Set in Apple

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil R. Jahed ◽  
Peter M. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Seed Crops

Pollination is an essential prerequisite for the production of many fruit and seed crops, including apple. In apple, successful fertilization requires pollen transfer to the stigma, pollen germination, and successful pollen tube growth resulting in fruit set. Precise selection of the most effective pollinizers for commercial orchards is not possible however, until these processes are more fully understood. The present study was undertaken to compare pollinizers in terms of pollen tube growth and fruit set. On trees of ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Gala’ from which bees were excluded, flowers were hand-pollinated using pollen collected from crabapple (‘Ralph Shay’ or Malus floribunda), ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. Flowers were harvested at one, two, three, and four days after pollination (DAP). Pollen source had a significant influence on pollen germination on the stigmatic surface, number of pollen tubes penetrating the stigma, distance of pollen tube growth down the style, and pollen tubes reaching the base of the style. In ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen grew the fastest, followed by ‘Delicious’ and crabapple. Neither ‘Ralph Shay’ nor Malus floribunda were effective pollinizers for ‘Honeycrisp’ and resulted in low fruit set suggesting incompatibility may be involved. However, both these crabapples were effective pollinizers for ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’. These results indicate that pollen source can have a tremendous impact on pollen tube growth and fruit set. The physiological basis for these effects is not clear, but implications for pollinizer selection are obvious.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document