Hybrid origin of Athrotaxis laxifolia (Taxodiaceae) confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiya Isoda ◽  
Tim Brodribb ◽  
Susumu Shiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Atpa Gene ◽  
D Values

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses were employed for investigating genetic relationships of three Athrotaxis D.Don species. Twenty-nine RAPD primers produced 103 polymorphic bands. Principal component analysis revealed the genomic differentiation among three Athrotaxis species. Mean genetic distance (mean d) between A. selaginoides D.Don and A. cupressoides D.Don was 0.89. Mean d values were reduced to 0.42/0.54 between A. laxifolia Hook. and A. selaginoides/A. cupressoides, respectively. Intraspecific mean d of A. selaginoides and A. cupressoides were, respectively, 0.03 and 0.11. These values indicated that A. laxifolia, which is regarded as a hybrid between A. selaginoides and A. cupressoides, is genetically intermediate between A. selaginoides and A. cupressoides. This genetic characteristic and previously reported morphological characteristics suggest the hybrid origins of A. laxifolia. The genomic composition of A. laxifolia was estimated by the number of bands specific to A. selaginoides or A. cupressoides in order to determine the genomic contribution of these two species to its proposed hybrid, A. laxifolia. All of the five individuals investigated herein possessed genomes derived almost evenly from A. selaginoides and A. cupressoides. Furthermore, the pollen donor of A. laxifolia was determined by SSCP analysis of the atpA gene on chloroplast DNA. Because all of the five A. laxifolia possessed the A. selaginoides-type chloroplast genome, A. laxifolia would be a hybrid of A. selaginoides as a paternal parent and A. cupressoides as a maternal parent.

scholarly journals Molecular techniques in the assessment of genetic relationships between populations of Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Wenyan Fan ◽  
Shujun Jiang ◽  
Xiling Yang ◽  
Wenshuai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. The genus Consolida (DC.) Gray (Ranuculaceae) belongs to tribe Delphinieae. It comprises approximately 52 species, including the members of the genus Aconitella Spach. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Consolida genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 19 species from 12 provinces of regions. Overall, one hundred and twenty-seven plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis (PCA) divided Consolida species into two groups. All primers produced polymorphic amplicons though the extent of polymorphism varied with each primer. The primer OPA-06 was found to be most powerful and efficient as it generated a total of 24 bands of which 24 were polymorphic. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.34, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Consolida species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Consolida species. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Consolida species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa.

Identification and characterization of RAPD markers inferring genetic relationships among Pine species

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
K K Nkongolo ◽  
P Michael ◽  
W S Gratton
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Sequences ◽  
Pine Species

Total genomic DNAs were extracted from several populations of pine species and amplified using oligonucleotides of random sequences. Polymorphism in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers was high and sufficient in distinguishing each of the species. Genetic relationships among eight pine species (Pinus sylvestris, Pinus strobus, Pinus rigida, Pinus resinosa, Pinus nigra, Pinus contorta, Pinus monticola, and Pinus banksiana) from different provenances were analyzed. The degree of band sharing was used to evaluate genetic distance between species and to construct a phylogenetic tree. In general, the dendrogram corroborated the description of relationships based on morphological characteristics and crossability, but also provided new insights into pine taxonomy. RAPD markers specific to some pine species were cloned and sequenced. PCR amplifications using pairs of designed specific primers revealed that all the cloned sequences were likely genus specific because they were not found in spruce or larch. True species-specific sequences were identified using designed primers flanking cloned RAPD fragments. The analysis of RAPD fragment sequences confirmed the genetic relationships among species. A 2281-bp RAPD band called PI-Mt-Stb-23 from P. strobus was used as a probe in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and produced distinct banding patterns for each species examined, consistent with the highly polymorphic character of DNA-fingerprinting probes.Key words: Pine, RAPD, RFLP, cloning, species-specific sequences.

scholarly journals Identification of the Edible Fig `Bianco del Cilento' by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Galderisi ◽  
M. Cipollaro ◽  
G. Di Bernardo ◽  
L. De Masi ◽  
G. Galano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Quality Of Products

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis is currently used to estimate genetic relationships in plants. We have used RAPD analysis to distinguish six different cultivars of Ficus carica, and several of their clones, that are widespread in the Campania Region of Southern Italy. Among these cultivars, `Bianco del Cilento' has unique characteristics, and is particularly useful for drying and for the manufacture of syrups. The protection of this cultivar is important to the Campania Region. We have utilized molecular markers to allow accurate identification of this cultivar, making it possible to control the quality of products and prevent fraudulent commerce. DNA was extracted from leaves and amplified by PCR using random oligonucleotide primers. The amplification patterns obtained with five decamer primers were useful for distinguishing all six cultivars analyzed. `Bianco del Cilento' was identified by two primers. The banding patterns were scored and used in similarity value calculations to estimate genetic relationships.

scholarly journals Corylus L. specimen’s conservation and reproduction in the botanic gardens and dendrological parks: an example of Corylus chinensis Franch.

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
I. S. Kosenko ◽  
O. A. Balabak ◽  
O. A. Opalko ◽  
V. M. Oksantiyk ◽  
A. I. Opalko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
Species Specific

Aim. Value of cultivated Corylus L. as a fruit, ornamental and oilseed crop with prospects for use in the food industry, feed production and pharmacy are grown under the hazelnut name, makes it necessary to improve the methods of conservation and reproduction of Corylus spp., which can be valuable sources of initial material for breeding. Involvement in a hybridization of the well-known cultivars of hazelnuts with Chinese hazel (C. chinensis Franch.) contributed to the cre- ation of several new cultivars, in particular ‘Sofiyivsky 1’ (‘Ukraine-50’×C. chinensis), Sofiyivsky 2’ (‘Dar Pavlenka’×C. chinensis), and ’Sofiyivsky 15’ (‘Garibaldi’×C. chinensis). However, in the process of studying the morphological features   of C. chinensis from the collection of NDP “Sofiyivka” and analysis of the effectiveness of its interspecific interbreeding with other Corylus revealed their differences from the data given in the literature sources, which initiated our research. Materials and methods. Study of species-specific features of C. chinensis, hybridization, progeny analysis, clonal selection, propagation of selected seedlings, and generalization of the observations were performed using commonly used methods. Results and discussion. Comparison of morphological features of the C. chinensis imported from the Berlin Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten Berlin-Dahlem) and its vegetative descendants with descriptions and photos given in the online database founded by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (Great Britain), showed the similarity of features of leaves, bark, and trunk with incomplete similarity of the infructescence, its shape, and downiness. It may indicate a hybrid origin of the introduced plant (Corylus…, 2017). The obtained data related to the value of C. сhinensis in hybridization with hazelnut cultivars using its male parent contradict the literature data that report on successful hybridization in direct combinations of C. chinensis×C. avellana and the incompatibility of these species in reciprocal crossing. Conclusions. It was found that the studied C. chinensis plants of generative age generally correspond to the descriptions of the species given in scientific sources and the electronic databases “Plants of the world Online” and “World Flora Online” in their morphological characteristics. However, the identified certain discrepancies indicate the need to continue their study, and the study of the others obtained from native sources of C. chinensis representatives, cultivars, and numerous interspecific hybrids using molecular and genetic DNA analysis methods.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of genetic relationships amongAcanthopanax species

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1270-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Yong Park ◽  
Chang-Soo Yook ◽  
Toshihiro Nohara ◽  
Takayuki Mizutani ◽  
Takayuki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna

scholarly journals Description of three new arctic bramble cultivars and proposal for cultivar identification

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PIRINEN ◽  
P. DALMAN ◽  
S. KÄRENLAMPI
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New Cultivars

Morphological and yield differences between five arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) strains and the cultivars Pima and Mespi were studied at two locations during the growing season 1994. Morphological observations and measurements were made on canes, leaves, flowers and berries, adapting the UPOV (Union pour la Protection des Obtentions Vegetales) descriptions for strawberry and raspberry. The plants were also compared with the aid of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Apart from DNA, the most important distinctive characteristic was yield. Characteristics of the flowers, leaves and berries, such as number, size, shape and colour were used to differentiate between the arctic bramble genotypes. The yield of three new cultivars, named Marika, Muuruska and Elpee, was greater than that of Pima or Mespi. The yield of 'Marika' and 'Elpee' was 2,4-times and that of 'Muuruska' 1,9-times that of 'Pima' or 'Mespi'. Based on distinctive morphological characteristics, guidelines for the description of arctic bramble are proposed. This description may also be used for hybrids of arctic bramble with Rubus stellatus Sm., i.e. Rubus arcticus L. nothosubsp. stellarcticus G. Larsson. ;

scholarly journals First Report of a New Race of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) in Israel

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1284-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Eizenberg ◽  
D. Plakhine ◽  
T. Landa ◽  
G. Achdari ◽  
D. M. Joel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
Sunflower Broomrape ◽  
New Race

The genus Orobanche includes chlorophyll-lacking root parasites that parasitize many dicotyledonous species and causes severe damage to vegetable and field crops worldwide. Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is known in Eurasia as a specific parasite of sunflower, which differs from the nodding broomrape (O. cernua Loefl) in host specificity and morphological characteristics (3). Together with Egyptian broomrape (O. aegyptiaca Pers.), it seriously parasitizes sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Israel (1). Prior to 2000, the local confectionary sunflower cvs. Ambar and Gitit proved to be resistant to the local O. cumana populations in Israel (2). A preliminary study, which we conducted in 1995 using the Vranceanu's differentials (4), indicated that O. cumana populations in Israel behave like the known race C. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, we also found a very low intraspecific diversity of this species in Israel at that time. However, in 2000, infection of the sunflower cvs. Ambar and Gitit was reported in two fields (Gadot and Afek) in northern Israel. In 2001 and 2002, O. cumana parasitized these cultivars in three more locations as much as 50 km apart (Tel-Adashim, Mevo-Hama, and Bet-Hilel). To determine the virulence of O. cumana populations on sunflower cultivars under controlled conditions, O. cumana seeds were collected in the above mentioned sunflower fields. In addition, we also used seeds from an O. cumana population collected in Alonim in 1997. This latter population did not infect the above mentioned ‘resistant’ sunflower cultivars in the field (2,); therefore, represented the previously known O. cumana populations in Israel. Resistant (Ambar) and susceptible (D.Y.3) sunflower cultivars were planted in separate pots that were differentially filled with soil that was inoculated with O. cumana seeds of the different populations. The experiment was performed in a full factorial arrangement with six replications. As expected, O. cumana from Alonim failed to attack the resistant sunflower. However, the O. cumana populations that were collected in the five other fields seriously attacked both sunflower cultivars, indicating higher virulence. O. cumana from all five new populations proved more virulent than the Alonim population on cvs. Ambar and D.Y.3. The occurrence of these new virulent populations could have several reasons including: (i) importation of virulent parasite seeds from abroad; or (ii) local development of virulence from previously avirulent populations. The latter could be favored by the continuous and repeated use of the available resistant varieties that are all based on a single resistance response (2). References: (1) H. Eizenberg and D. M. Joel. Orobanche in Israeli agriculture. Workshop of COST Action 849, Parasitic Plant Management in Sustainable Agriculture, 2001. (2) H. Eizenberg et al. Plant Dis. 88:479, 2003. (3) D. M. Joel. Phytoparasitica 16:375, 1988. (4) A. V. Vranceanu et al. Proc. 9th Sunflower Conf. 1:74–82, 1980.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document