scholarly journals Electrochemical Restructuring of Copper Surfaces Using Organic Additives and Its Effect on the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate Ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Balkis ◽  
Anthony P. O'Mullane
Keyword(s):  
Phenylacetic Acid ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Copper Surfaces ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Electrocatalytic Performance ◽  
Simple Potential

This work describes the fabrication of nanostructured copper electrodes using a simple potential cycling protocol that involves oxidation and reduction of the surface in an alkaline solution. It was found that the inclusion of additives, such as benzyl alcohol and phenylacetic acid, has a profound effect on the surface oxidation process and the subsequent reduction of these oxides. This results in not only a morphology change, but also affects the electrocatalytic performance of the electrode for the reduction of nitrate ions. In all cases, the electrocatalytic performance of the restructured electrodes was significantly enhanced compared with the unmodified electrode. The most promising material was formed when phenylacetic acid was used as the additive. In addition, the reduction of residual oxides on the surface after the modification procedure to expose freshly active reaction sites on the surface before nitrate reduction was found to be a significant factor in dictating the overall electrocatalytic activity. It is envisaged that this approach offers an interesting way to fabricate other nanostructured electrode surfaces.

scholarly journals Effect of oxidative surface treatments on charge storage at titanium nitride surfaces for supercapacitor applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4550-4559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Gray ◽  
Andrew L. Hector ◽  
Marek Jura ◽  
John R. Owen ◽  
Joshua Whittam
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Charge Storage ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

The effects of surface oxidation on the capacitance of titanium nitride electrode surfaces are examined. Electrochemical oxidation was effective in increasing capacitance.

Surface oxidation of carbon supports due to potential cycling under PEM fuel cell conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 4765-4771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Avasarala ◽  
Richard Moore ◽  
Pradeep Haldar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Carbon Supports

scholarly journals Graphene Nanoparticle-Based, Nitrate Ion Sensor Characteristics

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Morteza Bodaghzadeh ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Pulsed Arc Discharge ◽  
Discharge Method ◽  
Pulsed Arc

Gathering and sensing of nitrate ions in the environment due to the abundant use in industry and agriculture have become an important problem, which needs to be overcome. On the other hand, new materials such as carbon-based materials with unique properties have become an ideal choice in sensing technology. In this research, the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer as a carbon source in the melted form was used and carbon nanoparticles in the form of a strand between two electrodes were analyzed. It was fabricated between copper electrodes by the pulsed arc discharge method. Subsequently, the constructed metal–nanoparticle–metal (MNM) contact was employed to recognize the nitrate ions. Therefore, NaNO3, Pb(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, and NH4NO3 samples as a usual pollutant of industrial and agricultural wastewater were examined. All nitrate compounds in ten different densities were tested and sensor I-V characteristic was investigated, which showed that all the aforesaid compounds were recognizable by the graphene nano-strand. Additionally, the proposed structure in the presence of ions was simulated and acceptable agreement between them was reported. Additionally, the proposed structure analytically was investigated, and a comparison study between the proposed model and measured results was carried out and realistic agreement reported.

scholarly journals Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A Soliman ◽  
Dieter M Kolb ◽  
Ludwig A Kibler ◽  
Timo Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
Tunnelling Microscopy ◽  
Voltammetric Peak

This study addresses the electrochemical surface faceting and restructuring of Ir(210) single crystal electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy are used to probe structural changes and variations in the electrochemical behaviour after potential cycling of Ir(210) in 0.1 M H2SO4. Faceted structures are obtained electrochemically as a function of time by cycling at a scanrate of 1 V·s−1 between −0.28 and 0.70 V vs SCE, i.e., between the onset of hydrogen evolution and the surface oxidation regime. The electrochemical behaviour in sulfuric acid solution is compared with that of thermally faceted Ir(210), which shows a sharp characteristic voltammetric peak for (311) facets. Structures similar to thermally-induced faceted Ir(210) are obtained electrochemically, which typically correspond to polyoriented facets at nano-pyramids. These structures grow anisotropically in a preferred direction and reach a height of about 5 nm after 4 h of cycling. The structural changes are reflected in variations of the electrocatalytic activity towards carbon monoxide adlayer oxidation.

Highly crystalline PtCu nanotubes with three dimensional molecular accessible and restructured surface for efficient catalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Hui Li ◽  
Qi-Qi Fu ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Si-Yue Ma ◽  
Ya-Rong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Durability Test ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Simple Potential

We reveal a highly active and durable class of electrocatalysts with connected single-crystalline nanoparticles, forming an open architecture. The MOR activity could be recovered to the initial value or even betterviasimple potential cycling after durability test.

scholarly journals Potential Dependent Structure and Stability of Cu(111) in Neutral Phosphate Electrolyte

Surfaces ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Grunder ◽  
Jack Beane ◽  
Adam Kolodziej ◽  
Christopher Lucas ◽  
Paramaconi Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Copper and copper oxide electrode surfaces are suitable for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and produce a range of products, with the product selectivity being strongly influenced by the surface structure of the copper electrode. In this paper, we present in-situ surface X-ray diffraction studies on Cu(111) electrodes in neutral phosphate buffered electrolyte solution. The underlying mechanism of the phosphate adsorption and deprotonation of the (di)-hydrogen phosphate is accompanied by a roughening of the copper surface. A change in morphology of the copper surface induced by a roughening process caused by the formation of a mixed copper–oxygen layer could also be observed. The stability of the Cu(111) surface and the change of morphology upon potential cycling strongly depends on the preparation method and history of the electrode. The presence of copper islands on the surface of the Cu(111) electrode leads to irreversible changes in surface morphology via a 3D Cu growth mechanism.

scholarly journals Study of the stability of self-assembled N-vinylcarbazole monolayers to protect copper against corrosion

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Tao Wang ◽  
Shen-Hao Chen ◽  
Hou-Yi Ma ◽  
Lan Hua ◽  
Nai-Xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Copper Surfaces ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Adsorption Analysis ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic

N-Vinylcarbazole (NVC) monolayers were self-assembled on copper surfaces. The electrochemical properties of the copper surfaces modified by NVC self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were investigated using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) methods. The polarization measurements indicated that the NVCSAMs could reduce the rates of the anodic and cathodic reaction on the surface of copper electrodes in 0.5 mol dm-3 NaCl solution. The EIS results showed the NVC formed a closely packed film that was able to inhibit copper corrosion. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the copper samples and atomic adsorption analysis of the solution showed that the copper surfaces were covered by NVCSAMs, and the adsorption of NVC on the copper surfaces was accompanied with dissolution of Cu into the solution.

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