Autumn dormancy regulates the expression of cas18, vsp and corF genes during cold acclimation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-ying Liu ◽  
Guo-feng Yang ◽  
Xi-liang Li ◽  
Ya-fei Yan ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Vegetative Storage Protein ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

As a global forage legume, lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.) is valuable for studying the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms of plant adaptation to freezing, owing to the characteristic of contrasting winter hardiness induced by autumn dormancy. Autumn-dormant lucerne plants often exhibit greater cold tolerance than non-dormant plants under natural field conditions. The study examined the autumn shoot growth of four diverse lucerne cultivars, and the influence of two sampling dates in late autumn, three sampling positions and four autumn-dormancy categories on cas18, vsp and corF gene transcripts during the first year of lucerne establishment. Results showed that in field-grown lucerne, non-dormant and highly non-dormant cultivars had greater shoot growth than a dormant cultivar in autumn. The level of transcripts of cas18 (which encodes a dehydrin-like protein) was highest in dormant cultivars and lowest in semi-dormant cultivars in both November and December; in particular, the cas18 transcripts in the crown remained highest in both November and December. The level of transcripts of vsp (which encodes vegetative storage protein) in all dormant cultivar tissues was highest in both November and December. In semi-dormant cultivars, the expression of vsp in the taproot increased compared with the lateral root and crown in November. The corF transcript in the dormant cultivar was markedly higher than in the semi-dormant cultivar and almost zero in the non-dormant and highly non-dormant cultivars. These results indicate that the significant impact of autumn dormancy and plant position on gene expression of cas18, vsp and corF occurring during autumn hardening, and continuing low temperatures, are likely to have significant consequences on lucerne productivity and its long-term persistence.

Shoot growth on lucerne plants cut at different heights

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Two Stages

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) plants grown to two stages of maturity were cut at 2, 5, or 10 cm above the crown. In addition, the leaf on the stubble and on basal shoots was either removed or retained. The change in the number and size of the regrowth shoots growing from different heights above the crown, and the total yield of dry matter, were observed for 4 weeks after cutting. Nearly all the regrowth shoots arose from very near to the crown, either on the crown itself or from within the first 2 cm above it, so that cutting at higher levels increased shoot numbers only slightly. Also most of the shoots arising from near the crown resumed extension growth earlier, and therefore grew larger, than the shoots arising from higher positions. In general the growth of shoots from one stubble segment was not influenced by whether segments were still present above. Increasing the cutting height above 2 cm consequently produced little effect on the yield of dry matter 2 and 4 weeks after cutting. Retaining stubble leaf and basal shoot leaf increased the shoot yield 2 and 4 weeks later, because the basal shoots resuming growth first grew larger than those on plants from which leaves were removed. The effect of retaining leaves was independent of the stage of maturity when the plants were cut and of the cutting height.

Evaluation of Rhizobium inoculant formulations for alfalfa yield and N fixation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Diane Knight
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Because of its small seed size, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) typically is seeded at a shallow depth, putting Rhizobium inoculated onto the seed coat at a high risk of desiccation. Granular inoculants may provide a superior delivery formulation for Rhizobium because the inoculant can be placed deeper in the soil than the seed, where it is protected from desiccation. Sinorhizobium meliloti cv. Beaver delivered as (1) pre-inoculated alfalfa seed from the inoculant manufacturer, (2) commercial peat-based, self-sticking inoculant applied on-site, and (3) granular inoculant placed with the seed or (4) banded below and to the side of the seed was evaluated against uninoculated alfalfa controls at three field sites in Saskatchewan. Overall, alfalfa inoculated with the granular formulation placed below and to the side of the alfalfa seed was among the highest biomass producer in the establishment year, although it did not exhibit superior nodulation or biological N fixation compared with the other treatments. Any advantage conferred by the granular inoculant in the establishment year did not persist through the first and second production years. Under the conditions of this study, the delivery formulation had no long-term affect on alfalfa productivity, nodulation and biological N fixation. Furthermore, none of the inoculant treatments were consistently superior to the uninoculated controls. Key words: Alfalfa, granular inoculant, peat inoculant, pre-inoculated seed, Medicago sativa L., Sinorhizobium meliloti

scholarly journals The production and water extraction of lucerne and ryegrass under different irrigation frequencies on a shallow soil.

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
A.J. Michel ◽  
H.E. Brown ◽  
E.I. Teixeira ◽  
E.D. Meenken ◽  
S. Maley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Abstract A field experiment was conducted on a shallow soil (low plant available water holding capacity) at Lincoln (Canterbury, New Zealand) to compare the biomass production of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under four different irrigation frequencies: (T1) replacing water use (WU) twice a week (replicating centre pivot rewetting frequencies); (T2) replacing WU fortnightly (replicating travelling irrigator); (T3) replacing WU every 3 weeks (replicating border dyke); (T4) nil irrigation (rain fed only). Soil water content was measured hourly at 0-30 cm depth and fortnightly at 0-150 cm depth. Plots were sown in March 2011 and defoliated on eight (ryegrass) and five to six (lucerne) occasions each season between September 2011 and May 2014. Annual biomass production during the first year was highest for ryegrass under each treatment because the lucerne crops were still establishing. During the second and third year of experimentation ryegrass yielded higher or similar to lucerne under the irrigated treatments (T1, T2 and T3). This was attributed to a decline in lucerne stands due to weed pressure. It is important to note that the ryegrass crop has received 250-700 kg N/ha per year depending on the irrigation treatment. Under dry conditions (T4) ryegrass yielded more than lucerne in both year 2 and 3. This result contrasts the literature and is attributed to the greater capacity of ryegrass to grow in cooler season and the stony sub-soil meaning lucerne received no summer yield advantage from its deep tap root. Key words: Medicago sativa L., Lolium perenne, biomass, water extraction, irrigation frequency

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS, DES DATES ET DES DOSES DE SEMIS SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LA QUALITÉ DE LA LUZERNE SEMÉE EN FIN D’ÉTÉ

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The effects of cultivars, date and rate of seeding on the yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeded at the end of summer and harvested the year after was studied from 1971 to 1975 on a Kamouraska clay. Seeding in early August gave the best results; seeding should not be carried out after mid-August. Differences between cultivars were more important on the third than on the first cut. Aftergrowth was an important factor on yield during the first year of harvest. Seeding rate did not always affect the yield, but the 6,7 kg/ha rate yielded less than the 13,4 kg/ha rate at the first cut and when the cuts were summed. The combined effects of the three factors studied indicates the importance of the seeding date on the height, cover and yield of alfalfa. Digestibility and crude protein content of the dry matter were affected more by seeding dates than by cultivars. The effect of cultivars on quality was variable and seeding rates had no effect. The variation in forage quality may be attributed to a difference in maturity of the plant at harvest, rather than only to the factors studied.Key words: Medicago sativa L., cultivar, date, rate, yield, quality

Performance of alfalfa strains grown in mixture with smooth bromegrass as affected by management

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bittman ◽  
J. Waddington ◽  
D. H. McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

This study was conducted to evaluate the yield and persistence of seven contrasting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. sensu lato) strains growing in binary mixture with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) under different fertilizer and cutting managements. The alfalfa strains were seeded in mixtures with smooth bromegrass in 1980 in northeast Saskatchewan and harvested each year, 1982 through 1987. Two fertilizer treatments (0 and 18 kg ha−1 P) and two cutting managements (2 and 3-4 cuts) were imposed annually. The application of P fertilizer increased the total yield (6-yr average) from 1.47 t ha−1 in control plots to 2.52 t ha−1 in the fertilized plots. Frequent cutting reduced average total yield from 2.59 t ha−1 (2-cut system) to 1.4 t ha−1. Fertility and cutting management did not affect the proportion of alfalfa or weeds in the harvested herbage. The alfalfa strain significantly affected total yield and the proportion of alfalfa and weeds throughout the years of this study. The strain ScMf3713, a M. sativa subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. type, outyielded all entries during the last 3 yr of this study. The study suggests that alfalfa strains of the falcata subspecies germplasm showed superior long-term performance when the alfalfa was grown in a binary mixture with bromegrass. Key words: Medicago sativa L., falcata, Bromus inermis Leyss., phosphorus, simulated grazing

Phosphorus and potassium effects on taproot C and N reserve pools and long-term persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Plant Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Kess Berg ◽  
Sofia Lissbrant ◽  
Suzanne M. Cunningham ◽  
Sylvie M. Brouder ◽  
Jeffrey J. Volenec
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
C And N ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

scholarly journals The Role of Different Daily Irradiations on Shoot Growth and Root/Shoot Ratio in Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PHILIPPOT ◽  
J. M. ALLIRAND ◽  
M. CHARTIER ◽  
G. GOSSE
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Effects of initial N reserve status and residual leaf area after cutting on leaf area and organ establishment during regrowth of alfalfa

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Simon ◽  
M. L. Decau ◽  
J. C. Avice ◽  
A. Jacquet ◽  
F. Meuriot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The One

Nitrogen reserves in remaining organs and residual leaf area after cutting have long been recognized as key factors during alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) regrowth. The present work examined which morphological components were influenced by contrasting initial N status and residual leaf area during 29 d of regrowth after cutting at 15 cm height. Two levels of initial N reserves (high and low) and of residual leaf areas (not or completely defoliated) were combined in four treatments. Both factors affected shoot dry matter (DM) production at the end of regrowth. The increase in DM of new organs observed with high N reserves resulted from a combination of short- and long-term effects on plant morphology; i.e., (1) an increase in the rate of axis appearance from the crown in the early regrowth stage (day 0–9) and (2) an increase in individual leaf area (ILA) all along the regrowth. Compared with completely defoliated plants, plants with a residual leaf area at cutting exhibited an increased rate of axillary stems appearance all along the regrowth. Then the architecture of plants with a residual leaf area was more branched than the one of defoliated plants. This increase in branching was always associated with smaller ILA. Hence, differences in plant leaf area were only significant in the early growth stage. This suggested that differences observed in new stems DM at the end of the regrowth were established by day 9 and remained unchanged in late regrowth. Our results clearly showed that initial N reserve status and residual leaf area both significantly modify the dynamic of leaf area establishment and new organ growth of alfalfa. Key words: Medicago sativa L., defoliation, morphology, N storage, stems regrowth

scholarly journals Biofertilizante na qualidade nutricional da alfafa (Medicago sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Luis Lemes ◽  
Cecilio Viega Soares Filho ◽  
Manoel Garcia Neto ◽  
Reges Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Long Term Studies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the nutritional composition to the application of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted with increasing doses of biofertilizers in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / UNESP, Araçatuba - Sao Paulo, Brazil, from April to October 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized with six biofertilizer doses from cattle manure (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m3 ha-1) and five replications. Cuts were performed, on average, every 27 days, 10 cm above the ground when 10% of the plants were flowering. Biofertilization had a positive significant impact on foliar nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and shoot iron concentrations. The values of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber did not differ between doses of biofertilizers. Biofertilization is a viable alternative for nutrition of this species, showing positive results in the nutritional composition of alfalfa. However, but long-term studies are necessary to assess the environmental impact of these fertilizers.

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