The effect of paraquat on oestrogenic isoflavones in Dwalganup subterranean clover

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
DW Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Lethal Doses

Paraquat was sprayed at sub-lethal doses on young clover plants. It decreased leaf isoflavone concentrations by more than 30 per cent. This response was not associated with the defoliating effect of paraquat. The relevance of the finding to grazed pastures is discussed. We argue that our results may be extrapolated to the autumn-early winter period, but not to spring.

The transference of nitrogen from pasture legumes to an associated grass under several systems of management in pot culture

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Intact Root ◽  
Pot Culture

The extent of underground transference of nitrogen from three pasture legumes, each growing in association with a grass, has been studied in pot culture under several systems of management during the first 12–18 months after sowing. The three legumes performed quite differently. Subterranean clover did not release any nitrogen until senescence and then produced a rapid transference. White clover was competitive for nitrogen until the autumn-winter period. Lucerne released nitrogen gradually over the whole experimental period. Frequent defoliation of the legumes reduced competition for nitrogen by white clover but also reduced transference from the other legumes. Killing the perennial legumes produced only a small temporary increase in transference. Wilting and temporary drying treatments also reduced the transference. Thus there was no evidence that the nitrogen transference from lucerne was due to a shedding or decay of nodules induced by defoliation; it could equally well be due to direct excretion of nitrogen from the intact root system. The significance of the results in pasture establishment in infertile areas is discussed.

Some characteristics of "Carnamah", a very early-flowering strain of Trifolium subterraneum L., when grown as single plants

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
AJ Millington
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Early Strain

A very early-flowering strain of subterranean clover was discovered in 1957 at Carnamah, W.A. From extensive studies at several field centres, it was demonstrated that the new strain – now called Carnamah – commenced flowering from 30 to 10 days before Dwalganup (the standard commercial "early" strain) when sown in the autumn-early winter period. With very early planting – late March – the difference in flowering time was even greater (about 45–50 days). The very early-flowering nature of the Carnamah strain is associated with early flower initiation. Rate of flower development (from flower initiation to flower appearance) in relation to temperature was similar for Carnamah and Dwalganup. Under spaced-plant conditions the total production of Carnamah was much less than that of Dwalganup, a finding which conforms to the results of previous single-plant studies. The new strain was not readily distinguished from Dwalganup, but several minor differences in morphology are mentioned. The chromosome number was normal for the species (2n = 16). The relevance of these data to sward conditions is discussed briefly, and it is suggested that the Carnamah strain may be more effective than Dwalganup in extending the "clover belt" inland in southern Australia.

Influence of stocking rate and mixed grazing of Angora goats and Merino sheep on animal and pasture production in southern Australia. 1. Botanical composition, sward characteristics and availability of components of annual temperate pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Temperate Pastures ◽  
Angora Goats

The effects of animal species (AS; Angora goats, Merino sheep or goats and sheep mixed grazed together at ratio 1 : 1) and stocking rate (SR; 7.5, 10 and 12.5 animals/ha) on the availability, botanical composition and sward characteristics of annual temperate pastures under continuous grazing were determined in a replicated experiment from 1981 to 1984. AS and SR had significant effects on pasture availability and composition and many AS × SR interactions were detected. The pastures grazed by sheep had significantly reduced content and proportion of subterranean clover and more undesirable grasses compared with those grazed by goats. There were no differences in dry matter availabilities between goat- and sheep-grazed pastures at 7.5/ha, but at 10 and 12.5/ha goat pastures had significantly increased availabilities of green grass, dead and green clover and less weeds compared with sheep pastures. There was a significant AS × SR interaction for the density of seedlings in May following pasture germination. Between July and January, the height of pastures was greater under goats than sheep but from January to March pasture height declined more on goat-grazed than on sheep-grazed pastures. There was an AS × SR interaction for incidence of bare ground. Increasing the SR increased bare ground in pastures grazed by sheep but no change occurred on pastures grazed by goats. Changes in pasture characteristics due to increased SR were minimised on pastures grazed by goats but the grazing of sheep caused larger and faster changes and the pastures were damaged at the highest SR. Goats did not always select the same herbage material as sheep, changed their selection between seasons and were not less selective than sheep. Angora goats were flexible grazers and continually adapted their grazing behaviour to changing herbage conditions. Goat grazing led to an increase in subterranean clover, an accumulation of dead herbage at the base of the sward, reduced bare ground, taller pastures in spring and a more stable botanical composition. Mixed-grazed pasture characteristics were altered with SR. With careful management Angora goats on sheep farms may be used to manipulate pasture composition, to speed up establishment of subterranean clover, to decrease soil erosion and to reduce weed invasion.

A comparison of the effects of autumn deferment and continous grazing on the growth of an annual pasture

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Apex Height

The effects of deferred autumn grazing on a pasture comprising nearly equal proportions of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) and annual grasses were measured over two growing seasons. Autumn deferment increased the survival of capeweed seedlings in both years and of clover in one year but had little effect on the annual grasses. Although there was more herbage present on the deferred plots in early winter, under later set stocking at normal levels by spring the amount of herbage present, plant density, botanical composition and seed numbers were similar on all plots. The accumulation of herbage under deferred grazing caused an elevation of shoot apex height in capeweed, but not in clover. When combined with subsequent intensive grazing, the number of capeweed plants surviving to flowering was sharply reduced. However, this management also resulted in a reduction in herbage production in spring.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Early-Winter Caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, Feeding Sites in the Southern Purcell Mountains, British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Kinley ◽  
John Bergenske ◽  
Julie-Anne Davies ◽  
David Quinn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Winter Habitat

Mountain Caribou are a rare ecotype of Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) inhabiting the high-snowfall region of southeastern British Columbia, and are defined by their late-winter reliance on arboreal hair lichen of the genus Bryoria. During early winter, there is considerable variation in habitat use among populations. We snow-trailed Caribou in the southern Purcell Mountains during early winter to determine foraging patterns for the Purcell population. When snow was ≤51 cm deep, Caribou fed on Grouseberry (Vaccinium scoparium), the terrestrial lichen Cladonia, and arboreal lichens of the genus Bryoria. When snow was ≥62 cm deep, they ate exclusively arboreal lichens. In both periods, Caribou ate arboreal lichen from essentially every downed tree or branch encountered and fed with a higher intensity at downed trees than standing trees. During the low-snow period, Caribou fed at fewer trees but used those with greater lichen abundance, and fed more intensively at each, compared to the deep-snow period. In comparison to trees occurring on the foraging path but at which Caribou did not feed, those from which arboreal lichen was foraged intensively were of larger diameter, had greater lichen abundance, and were more likely to be Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) or Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) and less likely to be Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis), Lodgepole Pine (P. contorta) or Alpine Larch (Larix lyalli). The shift in diet between the low-snow and deep-snow periods reflected two modes of foraging within the early winter period, distinct from one another and apparently also distinct from the late-winter season. Management for early-winter habitat will require retention of some commercially significant forest across extensive areas, both near the subalpine forest – subalpine parkland ecotone and lower in the subalpine forest.

scholarly journals A preliminary report on the use of FAMACHA© for haemonchosis in goats in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa during the late autumn / early winter period : short communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sri Jeyakumar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Study Sites

From May to July 2005 a study was conducted on the prevalence and effects of haemonchosis in goats farmed on communal grazing belonging to resource-poor farmers at two study sites, namely Mlungisi (26°53'E, 31°53'S) and Ezibeleni (26°58'E, 31°53'S), situated within the Chris Hani District Municipality in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The usefulness of the FAMACHA© system for identifying goats needing treatment was confirmed. It allowed stock owners to identify badly affected goats accurately, as borne out by the agreement between FAMACHA scores and corresponding haematocrits.

Some variables influencing production of prime lamb and wool from pasture

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (52) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
HR Gharaybeh ◽  
HW Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates

In an experiment at Canberra, A.C.T., extending over four years, crossbred and Merino ewes were grazed at three stocking rates on pastures of either phalaris (Phalaris tuberosa), phalaris combined with separate paddocks of brome grass (Bromus inermis), and cocksfoot (Dactyllis glomerata), or separate paddocks of brome grass and cocksfoot. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) was present in all pastures. One-, two-, and three-paddock systems and two times of lambing were also compared. Pasture availability and animal productivity were measured. Early lambing resulted in more prime lambs although the later lambs had slightly higher rates of gain. At the highest crossbred stocking rate studied (seven ewes per acre) wool production per acre was still increasing, but number of prime lambs and lamb liveweight gain did not increase above stocking rates of five ewes per acre. More feed was available to ewes during late pregnancy on treatments allowing feed rationing in autumn and early winter, but neither rationing nor including brome grass and cocksfoot in the system increased animal productivity beyond that achieved by grazing phalaris continuously. At stocking rates up to six ewes per acre, animal production was greatest from phalaris grazed continuously. Stocking rates were designed to provide similar weights of either Merino or crossbred ewes per acre at each stocking level. Because more lambs were born to crossbred ewes they had less feed than Merinos in spring and summer at all stocking rates. Lambs from crossbred ewes were heavier at birth and grew faster than lambs from Merino ewes. More prime crossbred lambs were produced per acre at all stocking levels. The reproductive rate and lamb production of Merino ewes dropped sharply with increased stocking rate. Fleeceweights were similar for both breeds, particularly at low stocking rates. Wool production per acre increased with stocking rate and was higher from Merinos at each level.

Production of cultivars and native populations of Trifolium subterraneum L. in the south of France (Corsica)

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Volaire ◽  
F Leliere ◽  
JM Prosperi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Maturity Date ◽  
Mediterranean Island

On the northern Mediterranean island of Corsica, 28 populations of subterranean clover were tested during 3 years: 18 French native ecotypes, and 5 Australian and 5 Spanish cultivars. A principal component analysis showed that dry matter yields, seasonal growth rhythms, and maturity date were the most important factors in the observed variability. By cluster analysis, 6 groups of subterranean clover were defined from these factors. Seasonal and total yields were linked to annual rainfall, but with a specific coefficient for each group. For 100 mm of rainfall, we obtained a range of production from 0.4 t DM/ha for the least productive group to 1.1 t DM/ha for the highest yielding group. The Australian cultivar, Clare, and 9 native Corsican ecotypes were the most productive genotypes (up to 10 t DM/ha.year in a wet year, with 2 t DM/ha during the winter period). These highest yielding ecotypes could be exploited to breed new mid-to- late-maturing cultivars better adapted to northern Mediterranean environments. In the short term, Clare may be used on large scale, for establishment of improved pastures in this region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document