Effect of blossom thinning on fruit density, fruit size and seed count of Williams' Bon Chretien and Packham's Triumph pears

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Selimi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Bud Removal

Effects on fruit density, fruit size, and fruit fertilization (seed count) of several degrees of fruit bud removal three to four weeks before bloom, was studied on Williams Bon Chretien and Packham's Triumph pears. The effects were studied in the presence or absence of cross pollination. Fruit set increased with increasing severity of blossom bud removal, indicating that poor setting was not due to faulty flowers. This was also confirmed by hand pollination of the clusters on unthinned limbs, where fruit set was much higher than on unthinned unpollinated limbs. Fruit density in Packham's was not reduced even by 80 per cent of fruit bud removal, and in Williams' fruit density was significantly reduced at 60 or 40 per cent of fruit bud removal, in a heavy or intermediate flowering years, respectively, whereas in a poor flowering year, fruit density was not significantly reduced even by 80 per cent of bud removal. Heavy thinning resulted in increased fruit size in Williams' but not in Packham's pears. Hand poIlination or bouquets increased seed number and fruit size greatly in \Villiams7 and increased seed number but not fruit size in Packham's.

scholarly journals Impact of Cross- and Self-pollination on Fruit Set, Fruit Size, Seed Number, and Harvest Timing Among 13 Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Taber ◽  
James W. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Southern Highbush

Cross-pollination has been associated with improved fruit set, weight, and shortened time to ripening in southern highbush blueberry [SHB (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids)]. Because of this, growers commonly plant two or more cultivars in small blocks to facilitate cross-pollination. However, many SHB cultivars may vary in the degree of improvement in each parameter after cross-pollination. Understanding the impacts of cross-pollination on a particular cultivar is crucial to forming planting recommendations, particularly as growers begin to transition to fields designed for machine harvest where large solid blocks would increase the harvest efficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of cross- and self-pollination among 13 commonly planted or newly released SHB cultivars. Cross-pollination typically improved fruit set, fruit weight, and seed number while decreasing the average days to harvest. Cross-pollinated fruit always weighed more than self-pollinated fruit from the same cultivar, which was highly correlated to seed number per fruit. Although there was variation for each trait, interplanting with another unrelated cultivar sharing a similar bloom time remains the best recommendation to ensure early, high yield among these SHB cultivars.

scholarly journals 530 Fruitfulness of Evergreen vs. Deciduous Southern Highbush Blueberry after Cross-, Self-, and No Pollination

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 537B-537
Author(s):  
Ingrith D. Martinez ◽  
P.M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Dormant Period ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Southern Highbush

Fruit set, fruit size, and seed production after hand pollination in a greenhouse were compared for southern highbush blueberry managed in two ways: a) 69 clones were allowed to go dormant and lose their leaves in the field before being dug and subjected to 1000 hours at 5 °C and b) 26 clones were kept growing in a greenhouse through fall and winter without leaf loss and without chilling, to induce flowering on plants that had mature leaves. On each plant in both management systems, some flowers were self-pollinated, some were cross-pollinated, and others had the styles removed before anthesis to prevent pollination. For >1000 flowers per pollination treatment on the deciduous plants, fruit set averaged 1% for no pollination, 46% for self-pollination, and 76% for cross-pollination. The corresponding values for the evergreen plants were 23%, 59%, and 81%. Parthenocarpic berries averaged 0.37 g/berry for deciduous plants and 1.01 g for evergreen plants. Both crossed and selfed berry weights averaged slightly higher for the evergreen plants than for the deciduous plants, but seed number per berry was much lower for the evergreen plants (12 seeds in crossed berries and four seeds in selfed berries) compared to deciduous plants (37 and 8). Southern highbush blueberry plants that flower without going dormant appear to have much higher parthenocarpic capabilities than those that flower after a dormant period.

scholarly journals Time of flowering and fertilisation of quince varieties

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
T. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contradictory Data

Literature dealing with flowering and fertilisation of quince is scarce. Most controversial and scanty are informations on observations of self- and cross-pollination. According to our observations, differences in blooming time are few (2-3) days only, thus flowering of most varieties is synchronous. The varieties observed are grouped as early, intermediate and late flowering ones. Self fertility of the individual varieties, however, was not assessed unequivocally, therefore it is recommended, by safety reasons, to consider quince actually as a whole to be auto-incompatible. Artificial self-pollination (or rather geitonogamy) as well as cross pollination with other varieties increased substantially fruit set if compared with the results of natural self-pollination (autogamy). According to the fruit set of their open pollinated flowers, varieties have been classified according to fertility as low (below 10 %), medium (between 10 and 20 %) and high (more than 20 %). Cross fertility of varieties is highly variable depending on combination and on season. Contradictory data are probably due to the sensitivity of quince to conditions of search. Better fruit set was coincident with higher number of stout seeds per fruit. Well developed seeds are definitely a prerequisite of larger fruit size.  

FLOWERING AND POLLINATION REQUIREMENTS IN CEREUS PERUVIANUS CULTIVATED IN ISRAEL

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weiss ◽  
A. Nerd ◽  
Y. Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Beer Sheva ◽  
Carpenter Bee ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Very High ◽  
Xylocopa Pubescens

The flowering and pollination requirements of Cereus peruvianus (L) Mill. (Cactaceae) were investigated in Beer Sheva, Israel, in a three-year-old plantation which had been established from seedlings, in order to domesticate this plant as a fruit crop. Plants flowered during the hot season (May-October), and flowers opened for one night only. Variations were observed in the flowers' opening time, with the early-opening plants beginning to open two hours before sunset, and the late-opening plants opening close to sunset. Flowers were visited only by day-active insects: the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and the carpenter bee (Xylocopa pubescens). The visitors' behavior indicated that they were involved in pollination. Early-opening flowers were visited both in the evening and in the morning, whereas late-openers were visited only in the morning. C. peruvianus was found to be self-incompatible, and fruit set did not occur when flowers were hand self-pollinated. Hand cross-pollination resulted in very high fruit set (92%) and heavy fruits with a high seed number. Fruit set, seed number, and fruit weight were lower in open-pollination than in hand cross-pollination. This indicates limited pollination or fertilization in open- pollination and might be related to the briefness of the bee visits, reduced pollen germinability, and stigma receptivity during part of the visit period.

scholarly journals Prebloom Treatments to Alleviate Cold Injury in Apple

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 807E-807
Author(s):  
E.W. Stover ◽  
T.E. Paine ◽  
W.C. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Winter Temperatures

Damage to xylem subtending apple buds is often observed following very low winter temperatures. Reports suggest that prebloom application of boron, zinc, and urea facilitate recovery. Prebloom nutrient treatments were applied to `McIntosh' and `Empire' at three sites in Spring 1994. The following treatments were applied to drip at half-inch green: boron (22.8 mM, solubor); Zn-EDTA (0.75 mM); boron and Zn-EDTA; boron, Zn-EDTA, and urea (59.4 mM). Another treatment used boron and Zn-EDTA at half-inch green, followed by boron, Zn-EDTA, and urea at pink. Spur leaf area, fruit set, fruit size, and seed number were determined. There were no clear treatment effects at the warmest site (mid-winter low –32C); however, this orchard was more variable than other treatment sites. The intermediate site (mid-winter low –37C) had a strong trend of increasing fruit set in `Empire' and `McIntosh' as more nutrients were applied. The combined half-inch green and pink treatment significantly increased fruit set by 23.8% compared to the untreated control. At the coldest site (mid-winter low –42C), `Empire' again displayed a strong trend of increasing fruit set with additional nutrients. All treatments combining boron and zinc significantly increased fruit set. The combined half-inch green and pink treatment increased fruit set by 43%. At this site `McIntosh' did not respond to treatment. However, `McIntosh' trees had continued active growth into late Fall 1993 and sustained severe cold injury in November. Data suggest that, when they were effective, nutrient treatments resulted in increased retention of flower buds on damaged spurs.

scholarly journals Effective Pollination Period of Actinidia chinensis ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and A. deliciosa ‘AU Fitzgerald’ Kiwifruit

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-660
Author(s):  
Ashley K. Brantley ◽  
James D. Spiers ◽  
Andrew B. Thompson ◽  
James A. Pitts ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Female Flowers

Commercial kiwifruit production often requires substantial inputs for successful pollination. Determining the length of time that female flowers can be successfully pollinated can aid management decisions concerning pollination enhancement. The purpose of this research was to determine the effective pollination period (EPP) for ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ and ‘AU Fitzgerald’. Either 30 (2013) or 32 (2014, 2015) flowers of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ were hand pollinated each day for 1 to 5 (2013) days after anthesis (DAA) or 1 to 7 DAA (2014, 2015), and then isolated to prevent open pollination. Anthesis was considered the day the flower opened. Similarly, ‘AU Fitzgerald’ flowers were pollinated and then isolated 1 to 6 DAA in 2013 and 1 to 7 DAA in 2015. For ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ in 2013, fruit set was consistent over the 5-day period, but fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number decreased between 1 and 3 and 4 and 5 DAA. In 2014, fruit set decreased between 1 and 6 and 7 DAA, whereas fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number each decreased in a linear trend. In 2015, fruit set also decreased between 1 and 6 and 7 DAA, whereas all other responses decreased linearly. Based on fruit set in 2014 and 2015, the EPP for ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ was 6 DAA. The EPP for ‘AU Fitzgerald’, however, was more variable. In 2013, fruit weight, fruit size index and seed number decreased between 1 and 4 and 5 and 6 DAA, suggesting that the EPP was 4 DAA. In 2015, fruit set remained consistent over the 7-day period with fruit weight, fruit size index, and seed number decreasing linearly. Differences in temperature and the alternate bearing tendency of kiwifruit species likely contributed to the discrepancies between the years for the EPP. For each cultivar, reductions in fruit weight, size, and seed number were observed before an observed decrease in fruit set. Greater fruit weight, size, and seed number were observed when flowers were pollinated within the first few DAA, with results varying thereafter.

Adding bumblebees (Bombus terrestrisL., Hymenoptera: Apidae) to pear orchards increases seed number per fruit, fruit set, fruit size and yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Zisovich ◽  
M. Goldway ◽  
D. Schneider ◽  
S. Steinberg ◽  
E. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Number

scholarly journals Pollination Study of Mandarins and the Effect on Seediness and Fruit Size: Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Seedless Fruit ◽  
Very High

A pollination study was conducted using `Nules', `Fina Sodea', `Marisol', `Fina' Clementine, `Afourer', `Tahoe Gold', and `Gold Nugget' mandarin. The fruit sets from selfing of `Fina', `Marisol', `Fina Sodea', `Nules' Clementines and `Afourer' mandarin were very low or near 0. The open pollinated Clementines had very low fruit set and there were very few seeds per fruit. Fruit set was highest (20% to 40%) in cross-pollination between two Clementines, `Nules' and `Fina Sodea', and `Afourer' mandarin and their reciprocal crosses. There were averaged 23 to 32 seeds per fruit in Clementines × `Afourer' mandarin crosses and averaged 5 to 12 seeds per fruit in `Afourer' mandarin × Clementines crosses. Compatibility among Clementine mandarins and `Afourer' mandarin is very high and caution should be taken to properly isolate these two types of mandarins when planting to produce seedless fruit. The diploid `Nules' Clementine × triploid `Tahoe Gold' mandarin gave 14% and 17% fruit sets in 2002 and 2003, with an average 2 seeds and 9 seeds per fruit in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Caution should also be taken when planting triploid seedless `Tahoe Gold' mandarin near diploid `Nules' Clementine to avoid seeds. The compatibilities and seediness between diploid mandarin cultivars and new seedless triploid mandarin cultivars need to be tested to ensure the pollen of the new triploid cultivars will not cause seeds in the existing diploid cultivars.

scholarly journals Blueberry Floral Attributes and Their Effect on the Pollination Efficiency of an Oligolectic Bee, Osmia ribifloris Cockerell (Megachilidae: Apoidea)

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair J. Sampson ◽  
Stephen J. Stringer ◽  
Donna A. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Fruit Abortion

We evaluated relationships between floral traits of 23 genotypes of southern blueberries and indices of pollination efficiency (fruit set, fruit abortion, seed number, and berry size) for Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, a manageable solitary bee. Flower size in Vaccinium and presumably ovary size were proportional to berry size, except for the tiny blooms of one V. tenellum clone (NC7808), which produce large commercial-sized berries of ≈2 g. Longer-styled blueberry flowers visited by O. ribifloris produced the heaviest berries with the most seeds. Osmia ribifloris reliably pollinated ‘Climax’ and ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberries. However, the peculiarly misshapen blooms of ‘Premier’ rabbiteye blueberry receive less pollination from O. ribifloris and yield berries containing 25% fewer seeds. Fruit set for these misshapen ‘Premier’ flowers was equivalent to that of intact flowers indicating that this floral polymorphism would not greatly alter cultivar performance. For seven Vaccinium species, wild and cultivated alike, 80% to 100% of a plant’s fruit production depends on efficient cross-pollination by bees such as O. ribifloris.

scholarly journals Flowering Behavior and Pollination Requirements in Climbing Cacti with Fruit Crop Potential

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Weiss ◽  
Avinoam Nerd ◽  
Yosef Mizrahi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Pollen Vector

The reproductive biology of the climbing cacti Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, H. undatus (Haworth) Britt. & Rose, H. costaricensis (Weber) Britt. & Rose, and Selenicereus megalanthus (Schum. ex Vaupel) Moran (syn. Mediocactus megalanthus) was studied with the aim of cultivating the cacti in Israel as fruit crops. Flowering in Hylocereus spp. occurred in two to three waves during the summer, whereas in S. megalanthus, flowering was concentrated at the end of autumn. Flowers of all species opened 1 to 1.5 hours before sunset and closed ≈6 hours after sunrise. In the Hylocereus spp., H. polyrhizus and H. costaricensis were self-unfruitful, and cross-pollination with other species led to high fruit set (100%). Hylocereus undatus was self-fruitful, setting fruit with self-pollen. Cross-pollination between the clones of S. megalanthus led to a high fruit set and each clone was self-fruitful. In contrast to H. undatus, S. megalanthus clones could set fruit without pollen vector involvement, although the set was slightly lower than with hand pollination. Pollen source influenced fruit weight. In the self-fruitful species of Hylocereus, fruit obtained by hand cross-pollination with other Hylocereus spp. were significantly heavier than fruit obtained by hand self-pollination. The largest fruit in each of the Hylocereus spp. were obtained by specific cross-combinations within the group. Fruit of S. megalanthus had a lower weight than fruit of the Hylocereus spp. Flowers of all species were visited by day-active honeybees only. Fruit set and fruit weight with open pollination was lower than with hand pollination in Hylocereus spp. Since stigma receptivity and pollen germinability stayed high during anthesis, the low pollination effectivity has to be related to other factors, such as the short bee visits and the absence of specific adaptation by the bees to the flower. In S. megalanthus, fruit set and fruit weight with open pollination were similar to values obtained with hand pollination. This similarity is probably related to the fact that pollen transfer in open pollination is achieved by bee visits and direct transfer of pollen to the stigma, which occurs via physical contact between anthers and stigma during flower closing.

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