Effect of sowing rate and sowing method on the establishment, yield and survival of irrigated lucerne at Kyabram, Victoria

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Roufail
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Aerial Growth ◽  
Matter Production

Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown at 6.7, 9, 13.4, 17.9, 22.4 or 26.9 kg ha -1, broadcast or in 15, 30 or 45 cm rows under irrigation. Seeding rate did not affect dry matter production. There were no significant differences in dry matter production between sowing broadcast or in 15 cm rows, but 30 cm and 45 cm rows produced less dry matter than 15 cm rows (P < 0.01 ). Seeding rates and sowing methods affected the plant population, which affected the morphology of the roots and the aerial growth.

Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
M. C. Raeside ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
C. MacDonald ◽  
B. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Population Density on Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Production and 13C-Labeled Distribution in Soybeans

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Koesmaryono ◽  
H. Sugimoto ◽  
D. Ito ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
T. Haseba
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Population Density

scholarly journals Early interspecific dynamics, dry matter production and nitrogen use in Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Shoujiao Li ◽  
Ana Barreiro ◽  
Erik Steen Jensen ◽  
Yingjun Zhang ◽  
Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Modelling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for livestock production in diverse environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Andrew D. Moore ◽  
Suzanne P. Boschma ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Zhongnan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Several models exist to predict lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) dry matter production; however, most do not adequately represent the ecophysiology of the species to predict daily growth rates across the range of environments in which it is grown. Since it was developed in the late 1990s, the GRAZPLAN pasture growth model has not been updated to reflect modern genotypes and has not been widely validated across the range of climates and farming systems in which lucerne is grown in modern times. Therefore, the capacity of GRAZPLAN to predict lucerne growth and development was assessed. This was done by re-estimating values for some key parameters based on information in the scientific literature. The improved GRAZPLAN model was also assessed for its capacity to reflect differences in the growth and physiology of lucerne genotypes with different winter activity. Modifications were made to GRAZPLAN to improve its capacity to reflect changes in phenology due to environmental triggers such as short photoperiods, declining low temperatures, defoliation and water stress. Changes were also made to the parameter governing the effect of vapour pressure on the biomass-transpiration ratio and therefore biomass accumulation. Other developments included the representation of root development and partitioning of canopy structure, notably the ratio leaf : stem dry matter. Data from replicated field experiments across Australia were identified for model validation. These data were broadly representative of the range of climate zones, soil types and farming systems in which lucerne is used for livestock grazing. Validation of predicted lucerne growth rates was comprehensive owing to plentiful data. Across a range of climate zones, soils and farming systems, there was an overall improvement in the capacity to simulate pasture dry matter production, with a reduction in the mean prediction error of 0.33 and the root-mean-square deviation of 9.6 kg/ha.day. Validation of other parts of the model was restricted because information relating to plant roots, soil water, plant morphology and phenology was limited. This study has highlighted the predictive power, versatility and robust nature of GRAZPLAN to predict the growth, development and nutritive value of perennial species such as lucerne.

Increased yield and persistence of several annual medic species and Medicago sativa by inoculation with selected strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Evans ◽  
J. G. Howieson ◽  
B. J. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Annual Medics

A broad range of genotypes of Medicago sativa, and annual medics including M. polymorpha, M. tornata and M. littoralis were inoculated with strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti or S. medicae of differing effectiveness for symbiotic N2 fixation then sown at 4 field locations. Dry matter production over 2 seasons was strongly related to plant density, which in turn was related to symbiotic effectiveness. Eighteen months after sowing at Esperance, Western Australia, lucerne inoculated with strain WSM922 showed 79% higher plant density and 43% more production than control strain CC169. At Broomehill, no significant differences existed in dry matter production between lucerne cultivars inoculated with strains WSM922, WSM826 and U45. Across all lucerne genotypes, inoculation with WSM922 outyielded those inoculated with CC169 by 99%. At Jerramungup, the difference in yield between these 2 inoculant strains was 44%. Results were consistent with those previously obtained under controlled conditions and emphasised the necessity to remain aware of the symbiotic requirements of newly produced cultivars. An analysis of nodule occupancy at 1 site using PCR-RAPDs revealed the dominance of a particular rhizobial strain (WSM922) in uninoculated plots which had become colonised over 3 seasons. The necessity for separate inoculant species of Sinorhizobium in Australia to satisfy the symbiotic requirements of the acid and alkaline groups of medics was reaffirmed.

Effects of plant population density and rectangularity on the growth and yield of poppies (Papaver somniferum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Total Head ◽  
Plant Population Density

SUMMARYGrowth, yield and incidence of lodging of poppies were studied in Tasmania at 10–200 plants/m2 and at nominal rectangularities (within-row: between-row spacing) ranging from 1:1 to 10:1. In 1983/84 and 1988/89, there were asymptotic relationships between plant population density and both total dry-matter production and total head (capsule plus seed) yield at maturity. In 1983/84, a season with above-average wind, the incidence of lodging increased as density increased to > 50 plants/m2; morphine concentration decreased as density increased to > 100 plants/m2. This resulted in parabolic relationships between yield of erect (machine-harvestable) heads and yield of morphine from erect heads with plant density, the maximum morphine yield from erect heads being achieved at 70 plants/m2. In 1988/89, a season with below-average wind, the effects of lodging were less severe at high densities and the components of ‘erect’ yield were adequately fitted by an asymptotic function. Rectangularity of 1:1 gave higher total dry matter production, total head yield, yield of erect heads and morphine yield from erect heads than 4:1 and 10:1. Since calm conditions similar to those of 1988/89 occur only once in every 4 years, growers should be encouraged to establish c. 70 plants/m2. As most commercial crops in Tasmania are drilled in 150–175 mm rows, growing at 70 plants/m2 to maximize the effect of plant density would also approximate to the ideal rectangularity (2:1 in this case).

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