scholarly journals Modelling of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for livestock production in diverse environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Andrew D. Moore ◽  
Suzanne P. Boschma ◽  
Richard C. Hayes ◽  
Zhongnan Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Several models exist to predict lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) dry matter production; however, most do not adequately represent the ecophysiology of the species to predict daily growth rates across the range of environments in which it is grown. Since it was developed in the late 1990s, the GRAZPLAN pasture growth model has not been updated to reflect modern genotypes and has not been widely validated across the range of climates and farming systems in which lucerne is grown in modern times. Therefore, the capacity of GRAZPLAN to predict lucerne growth and development was assessed. This was done by re-estimating values for some key parameters based on information in the scientific literature. The improved GRAZPLAN model was also assessed for its capacity to reflect differences in the growth and physiology of lucerne genotypes with different winter activity. Modifications were made to GRAZPLAN to improve its capacity to reflect changes in phenology due to environmental triggers such as short photoperiods, declining low temperatures, defoliation and water stress. Changes were also made to the parameter governing the effect of vapour pressure on the biomass-transpiration ratio and therefore biomass accumulation. Other developments included the representation of root development and partitioning of canopy structure, notably the ratio leaf : stem dry matter. Data from replicated field experiments across Australia were identified for model validation. These data were broadly representative of the range of climate zones, soil types and farming systems in which lucerne is used for livestock grazing. Validation of predicted lucerne growth rates was comprehensive owing to plentiful data. Across a range of climate zones, soils and farming systems, there was an overall improvement in the capacity to simulate pasture dry matter production, with a reduction in the mean prediction error of 0.33 and the root-mean-square deviation of 9.6 kg/ha.day. Validation of other parts of the model was restricted because information relating to plant roots, soil water, plant morphology and phenology was limited. This study has highlighted the predictive power, versatility and robust nature of GRAZPLAN to predict the growth, development and nutritive value of perennial species such as lucerne.

scholarly journals Early interspecific dynamics, dry matter production and nitrogen use in Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium) – alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Shoujiao Li ◽  
Ana Barreiro ◽  
Erik Steen Jensen ◽  
Yingjun Zhang ◽  
Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
M. C. Raeside ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
C. MacDonald ◽  
B. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.

HERBICIDES FOR SOD-SEEDING LEGUMES ON SHALLOW SOIL PASTURES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELANGER ◽  
J. E. WINCH
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Coronilla Varia ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

At two shallow pasture sites in southern Ontario, glyphosate, paraquat and dalapon were evaluated for the control of the indigenous vegetation in the establishment of four sod-seeded legume species. The relative efficiency of herbicides in the control of vegetation decreased in the order given above and was evident in the establishment of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and in the present cover of legumes in the first production year. Mefluidide and fluazifop-butyl had little effect upon the control of vegetation and did not improve legume establishment. Crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) and cicer milkvetch (Astralagus cicer L.) failed to establish in the seedling year. A twofold to threefold increase in total dry matter production was obtained in the first production year by fertilizing and sod-seeding after control of vegetation.Key words: Herbicides, sod-seeding, legumes, pasture renovation

Plant responses to water stress: changes in growth, dry matter production, stomatal frequency and leaf anatomy

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nautiyal ◽  
H. K. Badola ◽  
M. Pal ◽  
D. S. Negi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stress Changes

scholarly journals ALTERING THE GROWTH PATTERN OF KIKUYU PASTURES WITH TEMPERATE GRASSES

1986 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
K. Betteridge ◽  
D.A. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Autumn Sowing

Temperate grasses were introduced mto kikuyu-based dairy pastures to Improve poor winter and spring growth rates. Methods of suppressing resident pasture growth before sowmy included, forage harvesting, hard grazmg and paraquat spraying (0.44 kg al/ha). Seed was either broadcast sown or direct drilled. 'Grasslands' cultwars Tama and Nui ryegrass and Matua prairie grass were used. Tiller densities, dry matter production and pasture cornposItIon were measured at 3 to 8 week Intervals in three trials rangmg from 8 to 24 months duration. Hard grazing or forage harvesting did not differentially affect subsequent pasture productlo" Establishment of Tama was best after paraquat spraying and then direct drilling. Sprln~ dally growth rates rose from 25 kg DM/ha in ktkuyu pasture to 56 kg DM/ha in pasture direct dnlled wth Tama after paraquat spraying. but pasture growth rates were similar in early summer once Tama died. Early autumn sowing of Tama is likely to give poor establishment if kikuyu IS not severely suppressed, and late autumn sowing will contribute llttle to winter productjon. In another trial Matua increased annual productlon through better autumn, wmter and sprmg growth. Nui and Tama both improved growth rates rn wrnter and sprmg, but only Nui increased annual productjon also. Keywords: Kikuyu, Nui, Matua, Tama, establishment, paraquat, herbage production, direct drilling.

Increased yield and persistence of several annual medic species and Medicago sativa by inoculation with selected strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Evans ◽  
J. G. Howieson ◽  
B. J. Nutt
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Annual Medics

A broad range of genotypes of Medicago sativa, and annual medics including M. polymorpha, M. tornata and M. littoralis were inoculated with strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti or S. medicae of differing effectiveness for symbiotic N2 fixation then sown at 4 field locations. Dry matter production over 2 seasons was strongly related to plant density, which in turn was related to symbiotic effectiveness. Eighteen months after sowing at Esperance, Western Australia, lucerne inoculated with strain WSM922 showed 79% higher plant density and 43% more production than control strain CC169. At Broomehill, no significant differences existed in dry matter production between lucerne cultivars inoculated with strains WSM922, WSM826 and U45. Across all lucerne genotypes, inoculation with WSM922 outyielded those inoculated with CC169 by 99%. At Jerramungup, the difference in yield between these 2 inoculant strains was 44%. Results were consistent with those previously obtained under controlled conditions and emphasised the necessity to remain aware of the symbiotic requirements of newly produced cultivars. An analysis of nodule occupancy at 1 site using PCR-RAPDs revealed the dominance of a particular rhizobial strain (WSM922) in uninoculated plots which had become colonised over 3 seasons. The necessity for separate inoculant species of Sinorhizobium in Australia to satisfy the symbiotic requirements of the acid and alkaline groups of medics was reaffirmed.

Effect of sowing rate and sowing method on the establishment, yield and survival of irrigated lucerne at Kyabram, Victoria

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Roufail
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Aerial Growth ◽  
Matter Production

Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa) was sown at 6.7, 9, 13.4, 17.9, 22.4 or 26.9 kg ha -1, broadcast or in 15, 30 or 45 cm rows under irrigation. Seeding rate did not affect dry matter production. There were no significant differences in dry matter production between sowing broadcast or in 15 cm rows, but 30 cm and 45 cm rows produced less dry matter than 15 cm rows (P < 0.01 ). Seeding rates and sowing methods affected the plant population, which affected the morphology of the roots and the aerial growth.

scholarly journals Multiple centroid method to evaluate the adaptability of alfalfa genotypes

Revista CERES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moysés Nascimento ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Campana Nascimento ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva ◽  
Reinaldo de Paula Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Centroid Method ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Recommendation Strategy ◽  
Biological Context

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multiple centroids to study the adaptability of alfalfa genotypes (Medicago sativa L.). In this method, the genotypes are compared with ideotypes defined by the bissegmented regression model, according to the researcher's interest. Thus, genotype classification is carried out as determined by the objective of the researcher and the proposed recommendation strategy. Despite the great potential of the method, it needs to be evaluated under the biological context (with real data). In this context, we used data on the evaluation of dry matter production of 92 alfalfa cultivars, with 20 cuttings, from an experiment in randomized blocks with two repetitions carried out from November 2004 to June 2006. The multiple centroid method proved efficient for classifying alfalfa genotypes. Moreover, it showed no unambiguous indications and provided that ideotypes were defined according to the researcher's interest, facilitating data interpretation.

ALFALFA VARIETIES ZONED IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
State Register ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article describes the main morphological and biological features of alfalfa varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. A total of 32 alfalfa varieties are included in the State register. This is 9 varieties of blue alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. Sativa) of domestic selection and 8 foreign, 11 varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.) domestic selection and 1 variety of foreign and 3 varieties of yellow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.). It shows the average and maximum yield of varieties determined in the process of state variety testing, as well as independent evaluation in research institutions in the region. Varieties of blue alfalfa of domestic selection Kevsala, Elena, Satellite, Vavilovskaya Yubileynaya were the most productive. The average yield of dry matter of these varieties reaches 8.4–9.2 t/ha, the maximum — 15.3–17.7 t/ha. Alfalfa varieties Timbale and Galaxy were the most productive among foreign varieties: the average yield of dry matter was 8.1 and 8.3 t/ha, the maximum – 15.5 and 17.2 t/ha. Varieties of alfalfa variable Vitalina and Vela provided an average yield of dry matter of 7.6 and 9.0 t/ha, the maximum yield reached 15.4 and 18.1 t/ha.

Dry matter production of green pea influenced by herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nádasy ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Pea
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