Optimum irrigation rates for young trickle irrigated peach trees

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
JDF Black ◽  
PD Mitchell ◽  
PN Newgreen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Class A ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Class A Pan ◽  
Wide Size Range

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station in the 1973-74 season an empirical formula was developed to relate the water needs of young peach trees to tree size as measured by butt area and evaporation demand as measured with a Class A pan evaporimeter. The formula was expressed as litres per cm2 of butt area per cm of evaporation. Nine rates of irrigation were tested. These rose by 0.5 litre increments from 0.5 litres to 4.5 litres. Trees were selected over a wide size range. Irrigation quantities were adjusted fortnightly to butt area. The smaller the initial size of the tree at planting the lower the rate of irrigation required for maximum growth, but with the tree sizes covered in the trial (a range in initial butt area of 0.54 cm2 to 3.68 cm2) 95 per cent of the maximum growth response occurred between irrigation rates of 2.5 and 3.5 litres per cm2 of butt area per cm of evaporation. At the higher irrigation rates the bigger the tree at planting the greater the response to irrigation.

The development of impermeable layer under straw mulch in a soil management trail

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Impermeable Layer ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Mulch Cover ◽  
Horticultural Research

Following the death of peach trees under a straw mulch system of management at Scoresby Horticultural Research Station, the soil moisture relations of mulch, cover crop, and pasture systems of management were studied. Examination of soil moisture levels indicated the presence of an impermeable layer under mulch. This was supported by results of investigations into surface run-off and porosity and by visual examination. It is suggested that trees died from surface waterlogging above the impermeable layer.

Distribution of peach roots under pasture and cultivation

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Over Time

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station four peach trees, growing in a fine sandy clay loam developed on a Silurian mudstone, with pasture on one side of the tree row and cultivation on the other, were excavated in 1962 with water under high pressure hosing. In 1966 four similar trees were excavated in the same way. From 1962 to 1966 additional nitrogen was applied to all trees and complete autumn and spring ploughing replaced a modified cultivation system of autumn and spring discing. No differences were found between treatments or between times of excavation for total root weight or for three grades of root, fibre (<l mm), medium (1-9 mm), and framework (<9 mm). However, the root distribution patterns differed markedly and changed with time. Fibre root distribution improved over time for pasture and declined for cultivation, and by 1966 was more widespread under pasture than under cultivation. Part of these changes could be attributed to waterlogging damage in 1964. The pattern of root distribution helped to explain the tolerance of the pasture trees to wet conditions and was consistent with tree growth.

Soil management of peach trees in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cockroft
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Bare Surface

A soil management trial on peach trees at Tatura Horticultural Research Station included four treatments that were cultivated, three permanent sods, a bare surface, and a straw mulch. The trees under straw mulch grew the largest and produced the highest yields (11.4 tons an acre a year over five years). Yields of all other treatments were similar (7.8 tons an acre a pear over five years) although the trees under clean cultivation and bare surface tended to be larger than the rest. The results are discussed in terms of competition from summer covers, tree root growth in the surface soil, and the utilization of irrigation water.

Correction - Distribution of peach roots under pasture and cultivation

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Over Time

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station four peach trees, growing in a fine sandy clay loam developed on a Silurian mudstone, with pasture on one side of the tree row and cultivation on the other, were excavated in 1962 with water under high pressure hosing. In 1966 four similar trees were excavated in the same way. From 1962 to 1966 additional nitrogen was applied to all trees and complete autumn and spring ploughing replaced a modified cultivation system of autumn and spring discing. No differences were found between treatments or between times of excavation for total root weight or for three grades of root, fibre (<l mm), medium (1-9 mm), and framework (>9 mm). However, the root distribution patterns differed markedly and changed with time. Fibre root distribution improved over time for pasture and declined for cultivation, and by 1966 was more widespread under pasture than under cultivation. Part of these changes could be attributed to waterlogging damage in 1964. The pattern of root distribution helped to explain the tolerance of the pasture trees to wet conditions and was consistent with tree growth.

Soil management of irrigated young peach trees in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cockroft ◽  
JM Tisdall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Replant Problem ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Bare Surface

A trial on soil management of irrigated young peach trees at Tatura Horticultural Research Station included four cultivated, one bare surface, and three straw-mulched treatments. Measurements of butt circumferences and pruning weights over the four pre-cropping years show that the most vigorous trees grew under straw. Within a range of cultivated treatments, vigour of trees depended very much on soil management before the trial; for example, trees grew much faster on land previously under lucerne, than trees that grew on old cultivated land. Trees under bare surface were intermediate. Although the trial consisted of replanted trees, we found no replant problem.

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA EVAPORAÇÃO EM ESTUFA PLÁSTICA NA PRIMAVERA

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Class A ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Class A Pan

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA EVAPORAÇÃO EM ESTUFA PLÁSTICA NA PRIMAVERA  Reginaldo Ferreira SantosCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica da UNIOESTE- CP 711CEP 858114-110, Cascavel, PR - Fone: 0XX45 2203155.  E-mail: [email protected] Evaldo KlarDepartamento de Engenharia Rural - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômica- UNESP - CEP 18603-970 - Botucatu, SP. CP: 237.  E-mail:  [email protected]  1  RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição da evaporação no interior de uma estufa plástica, com uma cultura de pimentão, através da variabilidade espacial e comparar a evaporação dos microevaporímetros com os valores do Tanque classe "A". O experimento foi conduzido no Campus da Universidade Estadual Paulista - FCA/UNESP, no período de primavera, em estufa plástica de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD). Na distribuição da evaporação em estufa com orientação norte/sul, verificou-se que as maiores evaporações ocorreram nas extremidades sul e norte tendente ao lado oeste. Já as menores evaporações localizaram-se no centro. No período de primavera, a evaporação média nos microevaporímetros superestimou em 55% a evaporação determinada no Tanque classe "A". UNITERMOS: evaporação, geoestatística, estufa.  SANTOS, R.F, KLAR, A.E.  EVAPORATION DISTRIBUTION INSIDE A PLASTIC TUNNEL IN THE SPRING SEASON  2  ABSTRACT                 The main aim of this study was to verify the evaporation distribution inside a plastic tunnel, with pepper crop, oriented to north/south, through spatial variability and to compare Class A Pan evaporation to punctual evaporations of 40 equidistant microevaporimeters placed from 50cm the soil. The study was carried out at the College of Agricultural Sciences/UNESP, Botucatu – SP in the spring season.  The highest evaporation occurred next to north and to south sides of the tunnel, with tendency to west. Consequently, the lowest evaporations occurred at the center area. The microevaporimeter evaporations were 55% higher than those obtained from Class A Pan. KEYWORDS: evaporation distribution, microevaporimeter.

Yield and quality evaluation of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) genotypes under high rainfall zone of Tamil Nadu

1970 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
R Balakumbahan ◽  
J P Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Rainfall Region ◽  
Horticultural Research

An experiment on ginger was undertaken between April 2012 to March 2015 at Horticultural Research Station, Pechiparai with an objective to identify suitable ginger cultivar or accession with higher yield and quality attributes suitable for high rainfall zone of Tamil Nadu. Twenty four ginger genotypes, local strains and varieties were collected from different ginger growing tracts of India and evaluated for their performance in high rainfall region. Among the twenty four genotypes tested, the accession Z. O- 4 recorded higher fresh rhizome yield (22.16 ha-1) than other genotypes whereas Z. O - 6 recorded highest dry recovery per cent (22.47%). Higher oleoresin and fibre content was recorded in genotypes Z. O – 5 (9.56%) and Z . O – 17 (11.20%) respectively. 

Unequal Probability Scheme for Fruit Count in a Guava Tree

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. BHARATI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unequal Probability ◽  
Selection Probabilities ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Number Of Branches

Data on fruit count corresponding to primary, secondary and tertiary branches of a randomly selected guava CV. Allahabad Safeda were recorded from the guava orchard of Horticultural Research Station, Birauli. The proposed sampling scheme in which the selection probabilities are based on length of braches between two forking points was compared with equal probability(PE), probability proportional to the number of branches(PPN), probability proportional to the cross sectional area (PPA) and probability proportional to volume (PPV) method of sampling and found to be more efficient.

scholarly journals Annual Actual Evapotranspiration Estimation via GIS Models of Three Empirical Methods Employing Remotely Sensed Data for the Peloponnese, Greece, and Comparison with Annual MODIS ET and Pan Evaporation Measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Stavroula Dimitriadou ◽  
Konstantinos G. Nikolakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Class A ◽  
Evapotranspiration Estimation ◽  
Class A Pan

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) has been insufficiently investigated in Greece. This study aimed to estimate annual ETa by empirical methods (Turc, modified Turc, and Coutagne) for the Peloponnese, Greece, a Mediterranean testbed, between 2016–2019, four of the warmest years since the preindustrial era, and compare them to MODIS ET. Furthermore, measurements of annual pan evaporation (Epan) were performed for two Class A pan stations in the Peloponnese with different reliefs and conditions. The empirical methods and statistical formulae (RMSD, MB, and NMB) were developed as models in ArcMap. The outcomes of the Turc method resembled MODIS ET ranges for all years, followed by those of Coutagne. The estimates by the modified Turc method were almost identical to MODIS ET. Therefore, the modified Turc method can be used as an alternative to MODIS ET (and vice versa) for the Peloponnese for 2016–2019. Moreover, the Epan at Patras University station (semiurban, low elevation) exhibited an upward trend resembling the trends of the empirical methods over the study years, whereas the Epan at Ladonas station (higher elevation, lakeside) required investigation on a monthly time scale. Additionally, the gradual decrease of pan-water icing at Ladonas in December (from 20 d in 2016 to 0 d in 2019) could imply an undergoing decrease in snowpack storage retention across the mountains of the Peloponnese.

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