Distribution of peach roots under pasture and cultivation

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Over Time

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station four peach trees, growing in a fine sandy clay loam developed on a Silurian mudstone, with pasture on one side of the tree row and cultivation on the other, were excavated in 1962 with water under high pressure hosing. In 1966 four similar trees were excavated in the same way. From 1962 to 1966 additional nitrogen was applied to all trees and complete autumn and spring ploughing replaced a modified cultivation system of autumn and spring discing. No differences were found between treatments or between times of excavation for total root weight or for three grades of root, fibre (<l mm), medium (1-9 mm), and framework (<9 mm). However, the root distribution patterns differed markedly and changed with time. Fibre root distribution improved over time for pasture and declined for cultivation, and by 1966 was more widespread under pasture than under cultivation. Part of these changes could be attributed to waterlogging damage in 1964. The pattern of root distribution helped to explain the tolerance of the pasture trees to wet conditions and was consistent with tree growth.

Correction - Distribution of peach roots under pasture and cultivation

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Over Time

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station four peach trees, growing in a fine sandy clay loam developed on a Silurian mudstone, with pasture on one side of the tree row and cultivation on the other, were excavated in 1962 with water under high pressure hosing. In 1966 four similar trees were excavated in the same way. From 1962 to 1966 additional nitrogen was applied to all trees and complete autumn and spring ploughing replaced a modified cultivation system of autumn and spring discing. No differences were found between treatments or between times of excavation for total root weight or for three grades of root, fibre (<l mm), medium (1-9 mm), and framework (>9 mm). However, the root distribution patterns differed markedly and changed with time. Fibre root distribution improved over time for pasture and declined for cultivation, and by 1966 was more widespread under pasture than under cultivation. Part of these changes could be attributed to waterlogging damage in 1964. The pattern of root distribution helped to explain the tolerance of the pasture trees to wet conditions and was consistent with tree growth.

The development of impermeable layer under straw mulch in a soil management trail

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
JDF Black
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Impermeable Layer ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Mulch Cover ◽  
Horticultural Research

Following the death of peach trees under a straw mulch system of management at Scoresby Horticultural Research Station, the soil moisture relations of mulch, cover crop, and pasture systems of management were studied. Examination of soil moisture levels indicated the presence of an impermeable layer under mulch. This was supported by results of investigations into surface run-off and porosity and by visual examination. It is suggested that trees died from surface waterlogging above the impermeable layer.

Effect of Commonly used Turfgrass Herbicides on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Root Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
G. Euel Coats
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil

Experiments were conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine bioavailability of PRE herbicides at three soil profile depths and two soil types in established common bermudagrass sods. Prodiamine and oryzalin reduced ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass root growth in the 5- to 7.5-cm layer of a Bosket very fine sandy loam soil at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in 1991. These herbicides decreased bermudagrass root weight in both the Bosket and Marietta sandy clay loam both years in samples taken from the 2.5- to 5-cm depth layer. In the 0- to 2.5-cm soil layer, all herbicides reduced root weight in 1990. In a bioassay, prodiamine caused decreased Tifgreen bermudagrass root growth at concentrations as low as 4 ppb by wt in the very fine sandy loam soil, while 8 ppb was necessary in the sandy clay loam soil. Prodiamine was detected in the very fine sandy loam at 4 wk after treatment at all depths in 1991 (65, 45, and 39 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively). Oryzalin was also detected at all depths in 1991 when sampled at 2 and 4 wk after treatment in the very fine sandy loam. Pendimethalin was present in concentrations of 38, 39, and 37 ppb in the sandy clay loam at 2 wk after treatment in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and the 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively. Pendimethalin was also detected in the very fine sandy loam at 2 wk after treatment at concentrations of 55, 69, and 36 ppb in the 0- to 2.5-, 2.5- to 5-, and 5- to 7.5-cm soil layers, respectively.

No-tillage and dry ploughing compared with puddling for wet-season rice on an alluvial sandy clay–loam in eastern India

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Mahata ◽  
H. S. Sen ◽  
S. K. Pradhan ◽  
L. N. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay

SUMMARYNo-tillage and dry ploughing were compared with puddling under identical cultivation conditions for their effect on growth and yield of wet-season rice. The experiment was conducted on an alluvial sandy clay–loam soil over 5 years (1978–82) at Cuttack, India. In the preceding dry season, each plot was split into two halves for growing dry-season crops, with and without tillage. Growth of rice seedlings without applying N to the seed bed was faster and more vigorous after puddling, as shown by greater shoot and root weight per hill and a higher shoot:root ratio, and remained so until maturity. This was reflected in earlier flowering and maturity, followed by greater grain and straw yields. These results are attributed to the ability of the roots to obtain more N from the puddled soil.Under high water table conditions, extractable and soluble N in the root zone were not much influenced by tillage treatments. Grain and straw yields after no-tillage were similar to those produced by dry ploughing but smaller than those produced by puddling, although the differences were not significant in some years.Soil strength measured at the end of the rice-growing season in 1980 and 1981 was significantly greater after continuous no-tillage. The decreasing trend in grain and straw yield and number of panicle-bearing tillers/m2 from 1980 onwards after continuous no-tillage, was associated with increasing soil strength. The results suggest that, where percolation losses of water and nutrients are small, puddling, which is capital intensive and detrimental to soil structure, could be replaced by notillage accompanied by suitable N and weed management. However, continuous no-tillage is not recommended for a soil with a lower clay content because the soil will gradually harden with time.

scholarly journals Changes in the sorption–desorption of fungicides over time in an amended sandy clay loam soil under laboratory conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús M. Marín-Benito ◽  
M. Soledad Andrades ◽  
M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz ◽  
María J. Sánchez-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Over Time

Optimum irrigation rates for young trickle irrigated peach trees

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (85) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
JDF Black ◽  
PD Mitchell ◽  
PN Newgreen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Class A ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Class A Pan ◽  
Wide Size Range

At the Scoresby Horticultural Research Station in the 1973-74 season an empirical formula was developed to relate the water needs of young peach trees to tree size as measured by butt area and evaporation demand as measured with a Class A pan evaporimeter. The formula was expressed as litres per cm2 of butt area per cm of evaporation. Nine rates of irrigation were tested. These rose by 0.5 litre increments from 0.5 litres to 4.5 litres. Trees were selected over a wide size range. Irrigation quantities were adjusted fortnightly to butt area. The smaller the initial size of the tree at planting the lower the rate of irrigation required for maximum growth, but with the tree sizes covered in the trial (a range in initial butt area of 0.54 cm2 to 3.68 cm2) 95 per cent of the maximum growth response occurred between irrigation rates of 2.5 and 3.5 litres per cm2 of butt area per cm of evaporation. At the higher irrigation rates the bigger the tree at planting the greater the response to irrigation.

scholarly journals Improving Water Use Efficiency by Optimizing the Root Distribution Patterns under Varying Drip Emitter Density and Drought Stress for Cherry Tomato

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Abdul Shabbir ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Noman Ali Buttar ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The spatial distribution of root systems in the soil has major impacts on soil water and nutrient uptake and ultimately crop yield. This research aimed to optimize the root distribution patterns, growth, and yield of cherry tomato by using a number of emitters per plant. A randomized complete block design technique was adopted by selecting eight treatments with two irrigation regimes and four levels of emitters under greenhouse conditions. The experiment results showed that the root distribution extended over the entire pot horizontally and shifted vertically upwards with increased emitter density. The deficit irrigation resulted in reduced horizontal root extension and shifted the root concentrations deeper. Notably, tomato plants with two emitters per plant and deficit irrigation treatment showed an optimal root distribution compared to the other treatments, showing wider and deeper dispersion measurements and higher root length density and root weight density through the soil with the highest benefit–cost ratio (1.3 and 1.1 cm cm−3, 89.8 and 77.7 µg cm−3, and 4.20 and 4.24 during spring–summer and fall-winter cropping seasons, respectively). The increases in yield and water use efficiency (due to increased yield) were 19% and 18.8%, respectively, for spring–summer cropping season and 11.5% and 11.8%, respectively, for fall–winter cropping season, with two emitters per plant over a single emitter. The decrease in yield was 5.3% and 4%, and increase in water use efficiency (due to deficit irrigation) was 26.2% and 27.9% for spring-summer and fall-winter cropping seasons, respectively, by deficit irrigation over full irrigation. Moreover, it was observed that two, three, and four emitters per plant had no significant effects on yield and water use efficiency. Thus, it was concluded that two emitters per plant with deficit irrigation is optimum under greenhouse conditions for the cultivation of potted cherry tomatoes, considering the root morphology, root distribution, dry matter production, yield, water use efficiency, and economic analysis.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE VEGETATIVE ORCHARD COVERS REDUCE PEACH ROOTING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 589g-589
Author(s):  
Michael L. Parker ◽  
John R. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Orchard Floor Management ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach trees (`Biscoe'/Lovell) were planted in March, 1988 in ten different ground cover management systems. The trees were planted at the Sandhills Research Station in Southeastern North Carolina on a Candor sand and Eunola sandy loam. In December, 1991 the trench profile method was used to evaluate root distribution under the six orchard floor management systems of nimblewill, bare ground control, centipedegrass, brome, bahiagrass, and weedy control. Trenches were dug parallel to the tree row 60 cm from the center of the row on both sides of the tree. Grids 1 meter square, sectioned into 10 cm squares, were placed on the profile walls and root distribution (in three size categories) was recorded for 1 meter on each side of the tree in each trench. Root numbers were greatly reduced under the vegetative covers that provided the greatest suppression of vegetative tree growth. Total root densities under the trees in the vegetative covers were ranked into three size categories which were correlated with the amount of vegetative tree growth.

Soil compaction effects on Pinustaeda establishment from seed and early growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tuttle ◽  
M. S. Golden ◽  
R. S. Meldahl
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Weight

Soil bulk density was related to loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedling establishment and growth during the first 28 weeks after sowing. Seedling heights were lower when bulk densities exceeded 1.3 Mg m−3 on a sandy clay loam and 1.4 Mg m−3 on a loamy sand. Heights were also lower for bulk densities below 1.2 Mg m−3 on the sandy clay loam soil. Seedling depth of rooting, root weight, and shoot weight were reduced at high bulk densities on both a sandy clay loam and a loamy sand. However, root and shoot weights were also reduced when bulk density fell below 1.3 Mg m−3 on the sandy clay loam. Bulk densities for best seedling growth were 1.3 Mg m−3 for the sandy clay loam and 1.4 Mg m−3 for the loamy sand.

Soil management of peach trees in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cockroft
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Bare Surface

A soil management trial on peach trees at Tatura Horticultural Research Station included four treatments that were cultivated, three permanent sods, a bare surface, and a straw mulch. The trees under straw mulch grew the largest and produced the highest yields (11.4 tons an acre a year over five years). Yields of all other treatments were similar (7.8 tons an acre a pear over five years) although the trees under clean cultivation and bare surface tended to be larger than the rest. The results are discussed in terms of competition from summer covers, tree root growth in the surface soil, and the utilization of irrigation water.

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