Comparative effects of black and green gram (mung beans) and grain sorghum on soil mineral nitrogen and subsequent grain sorghum yields on the Eastern Darling Downs

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Doughton ◽  
J Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Summer Fallow

A field trial was carried out on a black earth (Waco series) at Cambooya on the Eastern Darling Downs to compare the effect of black gram, green gram, grain sorghum and a summer fallow on soil mineral nitrogen (NO3-N + NH4-N) and the yield of grain sorghum grown in the following summer. The initial sorghum treatment severely depleted soil mineral nitrogen to 120 cm; even after a 173-d fallow, there was still 34 kg/ha less nitrogen present than initially in this treatment. Black and green gram also reduced levels of soil mineral nitrogen during crop growth, but these recovered to exceed pre-trial levels by 29 and 42 kg N/ha, respectively, after a winter fallow. The fallow treatment accumulated 100 kg N/ha of mineral nitrogen between January and October, but mineralization was markedly reduced from August to October. Sorghum grown on all plots in the second summer responded markedly to prior treatments, and grain yields and responses to nitrogen applied at 0, 34 and 68 kg N/ha reflected mineral nitrogen levels at planting. Yields of sorghum grain obtained without fertilizer after black gram, green gram and fallow were 8333, 7477 and 9663 kg/ha, respectively, compared with 4658 kg/ha after sorghum. Prior crops of both grams increased sorghum yield as much as a fertilizer application of 68 kg N/ha.

Effects of lupin-wheat rotations on soil fertility, crop disease and crop yields

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
A Ellington ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Crop Diseases

Three experiments, begun in successive years, were conducted between 1974 and 1979 in north-eastern Victoria to investigate the effects of rotating wheat (cv. Olympic) and 'sweet' lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) on crop yields, soil fertility and crop diseases. The grain yield of continuous wheat was 2.58 t/ha and of continuous lupins 0.66 t/ha (P<0.05). Wheat, grown after a lupin crop, yielded 750 kg/ha more than wheat after wheat, and a second wheat crop, after lupins, yielded 420 kg/ha more than a third successive wheat crop. Lupins, grown after wheat, yielded 50-165% more than lupins after lupins. Grain nitrogen of wheat was significantly increased after lupins (P<0.01). Differences in soil mineral nitrogen were apparent ten weeks after sowing, with mean nitrogen levels of 37 and 55 kg/ha under wheat and lupins, respectively. Soil mineral nitrogen (0-20 cm) was consistently greater after lupins than after wheat (P<0.01) when measured just before seeding the succeeding crop. Overall, mean accretion of mineral nitrogen under lupins was 4 1 kg/ha.year. Residual nitrogen from lupins, after one succeeding wheat crop had been grown, was also evident (mean 23 kg/ha). Crop rotation influenced the incidence of crop diseases in wheat and lupins. Lupins after lupins suffered severely from brown leaf spot (Pleiochaeta setosa), up to 63% of plants being infected compared with only 18% after wheat. Disease incidence (mainly Gaeumannomyces graminis) in wheat increased from less than 1% in the first year of cropping, to 36% infection in year 3. When wheat was grown after lupins, disease incidence was negligible.

Seasonal trends in the content of mineral nitrogen in solodized solonetz soil

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW McGarity ◽  
RJK Myers
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
New South ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Fluctuations of mineral nitrogen were studied for three years in two solodized solonetz soils at Narrabri, New South Wales, under a wheat summer-fallow management system. Changes in mineral nitrogen were related to plant uptake, soil environment characteristics (water, temperature and oxygen), and climate. NO3-N was the major form of soil mineral nitrogen, generally exceeding NH4-N with NO2-N occurring only occasionally (<1 �g N g-1). NO3-N accumulated during fallow to 67-111 kg N ha-1 in the profile just after sowing. Crop growth depleted NO3-N to 0-11 kg N ha-1 at flowering. Several significant falls in soil NO3-N (11-27 kg N ha-1) could not be accounted for by plant uptake, and were apparently caused by denitrification. Decreases due to leaching (including lateral leaching) were not detected. Redistribution of NO3-N down the profile was observed, the efficiency of leaching increasing with increased intensity of rainfall. NH4-N generally amounted to less than 25 kg N ha-1. Fluctuations in NH4-N which occurred within the profile, could not be related to observed factors and are unexplained. The effect of a drought year, 1965, was to inhibit mineral nitrogen accumulation, lessen the depth of leaching of NO3-N and depress plant uptake of nitrogen.

Direct drilling experiments with wheat

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
A Ellington
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Direct Drilling

Results are presented from three experiments, on land being cropped for the third time after a ley period, in which the growth and nitrogen nutrition of direct drilled and conventionally cultivated and sown wheat was investigated. In 1968 and 1969 wheat growth from emergence to heading was superior on the cultivated plots but grain yields did not differ. In 1970 direct drilling increased wheat grain yield by 0.97 tonne ha-1. Nitrogen fertilizer application at seeding increased herbage dry matter and nitrogen content, fertile tiller production and grain yields on both direct-drilled and cultivated treatments. Soil mineral nitrogen levels at seeding were lower on cultivated plots than on direct-drilled plots, but incubation nitrogen was not different in any year. Direct drilling did not adversely affect mineralization of soil nitrogen, but it retarded early wheat growth.

The Nitrogen Dynamics of Multi-species Grasslands when Subject to Drought and Re-wetting.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoirse Cummins ◽  
John Finn ◽  
Gary Lanigan ◽  
Karl Richards ◽  
Tom Misselbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Birch Effect

&lt;p&gt;It is predicted that climate change will result in more extreme and frequent weather events including flooding and drought. Nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) is a potent greenhouse gas having 298 times the global warming potential of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The &amp;#8216;Birch effect&amp;#8217;, the term given to high &amp;#160;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes following the drying and re-wetting of soils, is an accelerator of this process. Multi species grasslands have been shown have higher nitrogen use efficiency and potential for drought resilience and recovery. This experiment analysed the nitrogen dynamics of multi-species grasslands by means of quantifying the responses of soil mineral nitrogen (NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-) &lt;/sup&gt;and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes during an eight week simulated drought, re-wetting and fertiliser application two weeks after the re-wetting event. A simplex experimental design was used to determine species and functional group effects which could potentially influence responses. The hypothesis of this study was therefore that multi species grasslands would mitigate the &amp;#8216;Birch effect&amp;#8217; resulting in less erratic transformations of soil mineral nitrogen and lower N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes compared to monocultures. This study also predicted a lasting legacy effect of drought on soil systems resulting in prolonged heightened N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes. Drought resulted in a depletion of soil NO&lt;sub&gt;3-&lt;/sub&gt;, increased &amp;#160;levels of NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+ &lt;/sup&gt;and background level N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions. Following re-wetting soil mineral N underwent transformations from NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; to NO3- indicating nitrification. Four times more N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions were recorded during re-wetting period compared to fertilizer application. There was no lasting legacy effect of drought and re-wetting on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes observed during fertilizer application two weeks after re-wetting bar T. repens which has implications for grassland management strategies.&lt;/p&gt;

Link between paddy soil mineral nitrogen release and iron and manganese reduction examined in a rice pot growth experiment

Geoderma ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuda Akter ◽  
Heleen Deroo ◽  
Eddy De Grave ◽  
Toon Van Alboom ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Kader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Manganese Reduction ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stenberg ◽  
Helena Aronsson ◽  
Börje Lindén ◽  
Tomas Rydberg ◽  
Arne Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Leaching Losses

scholarly journals Application of the Bayesian calibration methodology for the parameter estimation in CoupModel

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Conrad ◽  
N. Fohrer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Bayesian Calibration ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Abstract. This study provides results for the optimization strategy of highly parameterized models, especially with a high number of unknown input parameters and joint problems in terms of sufficient parameter space. Consequently, the uncertainty in model parameterization and measurements must be considered when highly variable nitrogen losses, e.g. N leaching, are to be predicted. The Bayesian calibration methodology was used to investigate the parameter uncertainty of the process-based CoupModel. Bayesian methods link prior probability distributions of input parameters to likelihood estimates of the simulation results by comparison with measured values. The uncertainty in the updated posterior parameters can be used to conduct an uncertainty analysis of the model output. A number of 24 model variables were optimized during 20 000 simulations to find the "optimum" value for each parameter. The likelihood was computed by comparing simulation results with observed values of 23 output variables including soil water contents, soil temperatures, groundwater level, soil mineral nitrogen, nitrate concentrations below the root zone, denitrification and harvested carbon from grassland plots in Northern Germany for the period 1997–2002. The posterior parameter space was sampled with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to obtain plot-specific posterior parameter distributions for each system. Posterior distributions of the parameters narrowed down in the accepted runs, thus uncertainty decreased. Results from the single-plot optimization showed a plausible reproduction of soil temperatures, soil water contents and water tensions in different soil depths for both systems. The model performed better for these abiotic system properties compared to the results for harvested carbon and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics. The high variability in modeled nitrogen leaching showed that the soil nitrogen conditions are highly uncertain associated with low modeling efficiencies. Simulated nitrate leaching was compared to more general, site-specific estimations, indicating a higher leaching during the seepage periods for both simulated grassland systems.

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