Iron-phosphorus interactions in the nutrition of seedling macadamia in organic potting media

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Handreck
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Shoot Quality

Macadamia integrifolia cv. Keauhou seedlings were grown in an organic potting medium based on ground pine bark and peat and of pH 5.9. Interactive effects of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) on shoot growth and quality were studied by amending the medium with single superphosphate to provide 0-240 mg P/L, and either FeSO4.7H2O at 0-3 g/L or FeEDDHA at 0.1-0.4 g/L. Shoots of all seedlings, except those at the highest levels of ferrous sulfate with low P addition, were chlorotic, with symptoms typical of Fe deficiency. Shoot quality, as judged by degree of chlorosis, was correlated with Fe concentrations in unbuffered DTPA (1:1.5 by volume) and double acid (DA) (1:5 by volume) extracts of the media (r2 = 0.683 and 0.688), poorly correlated with P concentrations in these extracts (r2 = 0.284 and 0.289), and highly correlated with concentrations of both Fe and P in the regression equation (r2 = 0.845 and 0.865). Shoot quality was not as well correlated with Fe and P in ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extracts. Optimum shoot quality was achieved in media (pH 5.9) whose DTPA, DA and NH4OAc extracts contained 2-9, 1.54 and 2-4 mg P/L and at least 60, 15 and 0.43 mg Fe/L, respectively. Leaf chlorosis did not occur if the Fe : P ratios of the extracts were >4.5, >1.7 and >0.02, respectively.

Interactions Between Iron and Phosphorus in the Nutrition of Banksia ericifolia L.f var ericifolia (Proteaceae) in Soil-Less Potting Media

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Handreck
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Banksia Ericifolia ◽  
P Supply

Interactive effects of iron and phosphorus on the growth and appearance of Banksia ericifolia L.f. var. ericifolia seedlings were investigated. The seedlings were grown in a pinebark-based soil-less potting medium amended with 0-40 mg L-1 P added as single superphosphate and with Fe supplied either as FeSO4.7H2O (at 0-3 g L-1) or FeEDDHA (at 0-430 mg L-1). Fe deficiency was the dominant visual effect on shoots; its severity increased as P supply increased. Classic symptoms of P toxicity (death of oldest leaves) were produced in plants at the highest levels of P supply and low Fe supply. At each level of added P, Fe tended to lower %P in the shoots, mainly by allowing increased production of dry matter as Fe deficiency was overcome. The highest rate of FeSO4.7H2O addition reduced accumulation of P in the leaves and increased it in the stems. High P additions reduced accumulation of Fe into leaves. At non-toxic additions of P, young leaves had higher concentrations of P than did old leaves, but the reverse applied as P supply became excessive. The leaves of high quality plants contained less than about 0-14% P and more than 30 mg kg-1 Fe. P:Fe ratios for the leaves of such plants were in the range 14-53 (mean 23). Numbers of proteoid root clusters were greatest on plants in media of high Fe supply and low P and declined rapidly as P supply increased above the adequate range. No evidence was found for Fe stress leading to greater development of proteoid roots. Quality scores of at least 85% of maximum were mainly confined to media giving < 3 mg L-1 P in 2 mM DTPA (1:1.5 volume) extracts and amended with at least 1.5 g L-1 FeSO4.7H2O or 215 mg L-1 FeEDDHA. Response in ferrous sulfate treatments was better correlated with extractable P and Fe than with totals added, but there was no difference with FeEDDHA treatments, because additions of FeEDDHA did not decrease extractable P and ferrous sulfate did.

Steroid sequestration within the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Laird ◽  
G. P. Vinson ◽  
B. J. Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Considerable Concentration ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Plasma Membrane Preparation

ABSTRACT Accumulated data from in-vitro experiments have suggested that 18-hydroxysteroids may be stored within the intact rat adrenal zona glomerulosa. The phenomenon was further investigated by comparing the amount of steroid remaining in the zona glomerulosa tissue with that secreted into the media during incubation in vitro. The results showed that 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) and 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) were retained within the tissue against a considerable concentration gradient, with smaller amounts of aldosterone and corticosterone. Lysis of the intact zona glomerulosa, by preincubation in distilled water, yielded an enriched plasma membrane preparation. After subsequent incubation in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate this preparation contained significantly more 18-OH-DOC than did the intact tissue, suggesting that tissuesequestered 18-OH-DOC is normally metabolized to other products. These may include 18-OH-B and aldosterone. Fractionation of homogenized intact zona glomerulosa and the enriched plasma membrane preparation by density gradient centrifugation showed that tissue 18-OH-DOC banded in fractions of density 1·063– 1·21 g/ml and that its distribution was highly correlated with protein. Corticosterone, 18-OH-B and aldosterone banded like added free [3H]18-OH-DOC in fractions of density < 1·006 g/ml. The results suggest that 18-OH-DOC is the major sequestered steroid within the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa and that this sequestration is attributable to the association of 18-OH-DOC with a high-density component of the plasma membrane. J. Endocr. (1988) 117, 191–196

scholarly journals Manganese Binding by Municipal Waste Composts Used as Potting Media

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Syagrus Romanzoffiana

Abstract Queen palms (Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman) grown in several types of sewage sludge compost media developed severe Mn deficiency symptoms. Seventy of the symptoms was correlated with DTPA-extractable Mn levels in the media and with leaf Mn content, but not with total media Mn. Compost media tied up over 70% of Mn added to samples within one hour, versus 62% or less for a pine bark, sedge peat, and sand medium. Analysis of autoclaved media samples suggested that some of the Mn tie up in garbage and yard trash composts is caused by microorganisms, but microorganisms had little effect on the binding potential of sludge and manure composts.

Leaching of Oxyfluorfen in Container Media

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz ◽  
Clyde L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Bentgrass was used to bioassay oxyfluorfen in leaching experiments done in columns of soilless potting media and soils, with herbicide incorporated into the upper 2 to 4 cm. Depth of herbicide leaching increased in order in the following soils: peat and sand (1:1) mix, Stockton clay soil, Yolo fine sandy loam soil, and redwood bark and sand (3:1) mix. Depth of leaching was not related to soil organic matter content. Equilibration experiments showed that peat adsorbed 4 to 5 times more oxyfluorfen than redwood bark. Less leaching was observed in potting mixtures containing peat than bark. Raising the oxyfluorfen dose from 20 to 200 ppmw increased the depth of leaching and concentration of herbicide in the leachate, while a 10-fold increase in water volume had only a limited effect. Twenty ppmw of oxyfluorfen incorporated in the top of a peat-containing potting medium has a low risk of leaching out of the container.

scholarly journals Root and Stem Infection of Rhododendron from Potting Medium Infested with Phytophthora ramorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Parke ◽  
C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Hair Roots ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Transmit Disease

Phytophthora ramorum has been detected in soil and potting media, but the potential for root infections is not fully understood. To determine whether the root system could become infected and transmit disease, rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ plants grown from rooted cuttings and native Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum) plants grown from seed were transplanted into a potting medium artificially infested with P. ramorum. Inoculum consisted of V8-brothvermiculite cultures of P. ramorum, chopped infected leaves, or zoospores. Plants were watered from the bottom to prevent splash dispersal of inoculum onto stems and foliage. Both infested amendments and applications of zoospores resulted in plant mortality within 3 to 7 weeks. P. ramorum was isolated from hair roots, large roots, and stems above and below the potting medium surface. Noninoculated control plants remained healthy and did not yield P. ramorum. Epifluorescence microscopy of tissue culture plantlets inoculated in vitro revealed attraction of zoospores to wounds and root primordia, and colonization of the cortex and vascular tissues of roots and stems, including the xylem. Transmission of P. ramorum from infested potting media to stems via infected, symptomless root tissue demonstrates the need to monitor potting media for presence of the pathogen to prevent spread of P. ramorum on nursery stock.

scholarly journals Growth of Hardy Chrysanthemums in Containers of Media Amended with Composted Municipal Sewage Sludge

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Francis R. Gouin
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Chrysanthemum X Morifolium ◽  
Complete Fertilizer

Four hardy Chrysanthemum X morifolium (Ramat) (chrysanthemum) cultivars were grown in peat sand media amended with 2 sources of sewage sludge compost at 50, 60 and 67% of the media by volume. Chrysanthemums growing in the 50% to 60% by volume composted sewage sludge treatments and top dressed with complete or only N slow-release fertilizers were comparable to plants growing in a commercially available potting medium with a complete fertilizer. Media containing 50 and 60% compost with a pH range of 6.2 to 6.9 supplied trace elements and most of the P and K necessary for normal plant growth. The use of a surfactant increased the fresh weight in some compost blends.

scholarly journals Eradication of Phytophthora ramorum and Other Pathogens from Potting Medium or Soil by Treatment with Aerated Steam or Fumigation with Metam Sodium

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Infected Plant ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Phytophthora ramorum survived in potting media infested with sporangia or chlamydospores, allowing the pathogen to remain undetected while disseminated geographically. Chlamydospores or oospores of P. ramorum, Pythium irregulare, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Cylindrocladium scoparium produced in vermiculite culture were used to infest potting media. Infested media in plastic plug flats were treated with aerated steam mixtures from 45 to 70 °C for 30 min. In a second experiment, infested media were fumigated in polyethylene bags with a concentration series of metam sodium ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mL·L−1. Survival of the pathogens was determined by selective baiting or direct plating the infested media on PARP selective medium. Assays indicated that all pathogens in the infested potting media were killed by aerated steam heat treatments of 50 °C or higher. Metam sodium concentrations of 1.0 mL·L−1 of medium or greater also eradicated all pathogens from the potting medium and soil. These results show that aerated steam treatment or fumigation with metam sodium can effectively sanitize soil-less potting media infested with P. ramorum or other soilborne pathogens, as well as P. ramorum-infested soil beneath infected plant containers. In addition, steam treatments to 70 °C did not melt plastic plug trays.

scholarly journals Effects of compost media on growth and flowering of parviflorous garden pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.). Part II. Plant flowering and decorative value

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zawadzińska ◽  
Dorota Janicka
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Potato Pulp ◽  
Viola X Wittrockiana ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Plant Valuation ◽  
Effects Of Media

The purpose of the studies was to determine the effects of media containing composts from sewage sludge and potato pulp on the flowering and decorative value of 'Butterfly Yellow with Blotch' parviflorous pansy. In the experiment 14 potting media, including 12 media made of 4 composts, were tested. The percentage of compost mixed with sphagnum peat was 25%, 50% and 75%. The components of particular composts were as follows: I - municipal sewage sludge 70% and straw 30%; II - municipal sewage sludge 70% and sawdust 30%; III - municipal sewage sludge 35%, potato pulp 35% and straw 30%; IV - municipal sewage sludge 35%, potato pulp 35% and sawdust 30%. Two control potting media were used: 1 - sphagnum peat with Osmocote Exact Lo-Start at the dose 5 g×dm<sup>-3</sup> and 2 - sphagnum peat with Azofoska at the dose 2.5 g×dm<sup>-3</sup>. There was no top-dressing during cultivation. The pansies for whose cultivation a slow-release fertiliser was used turned out to have most flowers, but the plants cultivated in compost with peat at the ratio 1:1 had equally abundant flowering. At the generative stage, the pansies in control media were the most decorative and those growing in 25% of compost I, 75% of compost II and 50% of compost III and IV. On the basis of plant valuation scale, quality assessment and the abundance of flowering it was found that the media containing 50% of composts were optimal for pansy cultivation.

scholarly journals Wetting Characteristics of Different Peat and Peat: Bark-based Potting Media: Influence of Wetting Agents in Improving Wetting and Rewetting Performance

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 583f-584
Author(s):  
Santakumari Mane ◽  
James A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Wetting Agents ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Agent Treatment

Eight different peat-based or peat: bark-based potting media were evaluated for their wetting performance when treated with the media wetting agent AquaGro 2000 (2–5 oz/yd3). Upon initial irrigation, no differences in wetting uniformity were observed in seven of the eight test media regardless of their media wetting agent treatments. In four media, water retention was reduced by media wetting agent treatment, however, uniform distribution of water was achieved. AquaGro 2000 improved uniformity of initial wetting in one medium in which the initial moisture content was 6.5%. Uniformity of wetting and water retention improved with increasing wetting agent rate. All media were allowed to air dry and then were re-irrigated. Wetting agent-treated media rewet uniformly, while rewetting varied greatly in untreated media (7.5%–82.5%). Less than 50% of the mass of untreated media wet subsequent to drying. Those portions of the untreated media that did wet retained up to three times more water per unit volume compared to AquaGro 2000-treated media. AquaGro 2000 enhanced uniformity of rewetting, reduced water logging, and improved drainage at all rates (2–5 oz/yd3) tested. Media composition (peat vs. peat: bark did not affect wetting agent efficacy.

scholarly journals Fe-EDDHA Alleviates Chlorosis in `Concord' Grapevines Grown at High pH

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1498-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon R. Smith ◽  
Lailiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Hcl Concentration

`Concord' grapevines (Vitis labruscana Bailey) can readily develop iron deficiency-induced leaf chlorosis when grown on calcareous or high pH soils. Iron (Fe) chelates are often applied to the soil to remedy chlorosis but can vary in their stability and effectiveness at high pH. We transplanted own-rooted 1-year-old `Concord' grapevines into a peat-based medium adjusted to pH 7.5 and fertigated them with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4mg·L–1 Fe from Fe-EDDHA [ferric ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid] to determine the effectiveness of this Fe chelate for alleviating Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis at high pH. Vines were sampled midseason for iron, chlorophyll, CO2 assimilation, and photosystem II quantum efficiency (PSII) and at the end of the season for leaf area, dry weight, and cane length. We found that leaf total Fe concentration was similar across all treatments, but active Fe (extracted with 0.1 n HCl) concentration increased as the rate of Fe-EDDHA increased. Chlorophyll concentration increased curvilinearly as applied Fe increased and was highly correlated with active Fe concentration. CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and PSII were very low without any supplemental Fe and increased rapidly in response to Fe application. Total leaf area, foliar dry weight, and cane length all increased as Fe application increased to 1 mg·L–1 Fe, but above this rate, a further increase in Fe did not significantly increase growth. Our results demonstrate that Fe-EDDHA is very effective in alleviating Fe deficiency-induced leaf chlorosis in `Concord' grapevines grown at high pH, which provides a foundation for continuing research related to the optimum rate and timing of application of Fe-EDDHA in `Concord' vineyards on calcareous soils. Compared with total Fe, leaf “active Fe” better indicates the actual Fe status of `Concord' vines.

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