scholarly journals The involvement of two epoxide hydrolase genes, NbEH1.1 and NbEH1.2, of Nicotiana benthamiana in the interaction with Colletotrichum destructivum, Colletotrichum orbiculare or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wijekoon ◽  
P. H. Goodwin ◽  
T. Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Colletotrichum Orbiculare ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Colletotrichum Destructivum ◽  
Vicinal Diols ◽  
Epoxy Alcohols

Epoxide hydrolase hydrates epoxides to vicinal diols in the phyto-oxylipin peroxygenase pathway resulting in the production of epoxy alcohols, dihydrodiols, triols and epoxides, including many lipid epoxides associated with resistance. Two epoxide hydrolase genes from Nicotiana benthamiana L., NbEH1.1 and NbEH1.2, were amplified from coding DNA of leaves during a susceptible response to the hemibiotrophic pathogens, Colletotrichum destructivum O’Gara, Colletotrichum orbiculare Berk. and Mont. von Arx. or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci Wolf and Foster, or the hypersensitive resistance response to P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto. Increases in expression of NbEH1.1 generally occurred during the late biotrophic and necrotrophic stages in the susceptible responses and before the hypersensitive response. NbEH1.2 expression was not significantly induced by C. orbiculare but was induced by C. destructivum, P. syringae pv. tabaci and P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto, although to a lesser degree than NbEH1.1. Virus-induced gene silencing of NbEH1.1 delayed the appearance of lesions for C. destructivum, reduced populations of P. syringae pv. tabaci and increased populations of P. syringae pv. tabaci expressing avrPto. The importance of epoxide hydrolase during pathogen attack may be related to its roles in detoxification, signalling, or metabolism of antimicrobial compounds.

A PRp27 gene of Nicotiana benthamiana contributes to resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci but not to Colletotrichum destructivum or Colletotrichum orbiculare

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Xie ◽  
Paul H. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Colletotrichum Orbiculare ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Colletotrichum Destructivum ◽  
Plant Families

NbPRp27 from Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. is highly similar to NtPRp27, which is a secreted protein from Nicotiana tabacum L. belonging to pathogen-inducible genes comprising the PR17 family of pathogenesis-related proteins. A collection of related genes from plants in several plant families showed that their deduced amino acid sequences clustered according to plant family. Expression of NbPRp27 was not detectable in healthy leaves or stems but was expressed at high levels in roots. Expression was induced by wounding, BTH, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, ABA and NAA, but not by drought, heat or cold stress. Expression was induced by infection with the hemibiotrophic pathogens, Colletotrichum destructivum, Colletotrichum orbiculare and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. For infections with the Colletotrichum species, expression increased more slowly during biotrophy than necrotrophy, but the reverse was true for P. syringae pv. tabaci. Virus-induced silencing of NbPRp27 did not affect the lesion number produced by the Colletotrichum species but did reduce basal resistance to P. syringae pv. tabaci permitting higher bacterial populations. Based on sequence similarities, PRp27 proteins have been hypothesised to have protease activity and may contribute to resistance by exhibiting direct antimicrobial activity in the apoplast, releasing of antimicrobial compounds from the plant matrix or releasing elicitors from pathogens to induce resistance.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas syringae Effector AvrPphB Suppresses AvrB-Induced Activation of RPM1 but Not AvrRpm1-Induced Activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Russell ◽  
Tom Ashfield ◽  
Roger W. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Soybean Plants

The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in Arabidopsis and soybean plants expressing the disease resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and Rpg1b, respectively. In Arabidopsis, AvrB induces RPM1-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) to phosphorylate a disease regulator known as RIN4, which subsequently activates RPM1-mediated defenses. Here, we show that AvrPphB can suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrB and this suppression is correlated with the cleavage of RIPK by AvrPphB. Significantly, AvrPphB does not suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrRpm1, suggesting that RIPK is not required for AvrRpm1-induced modification of RIN4. This observation indicates that AvrB and AvrRpm1 recognition is mediated by different mechanisms in Arabidopsis, despite their recognition being determined by a single R protein. Moreover, AvrB recognition but not AvrRpm1 recognition is suppressed by AvrPphB in soybean, suggesting that AvrB recognition requires a similar molecular mechanism in soybean and Arabidopsis. In support of this, we found that phosphodeficient mutations in the soybean GmRIN4a and GmRIN4b proteins are sufficient to block Rpg1b-mediated hypersensitive response in transient assays in Nicotiana glutinosa. Taken together, our results indicate that AvrB and AvrPphB target a conserved defense signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and soybean that includes RIPK and RIN4.

scholarly journals Cell Death of Nicotiana benthamiana Is Induced by Secreted Protein NIS1 of Colletotrichum orbiculare and Is Suppressed by a Homologue of CgDN3

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kae Yoshino ◽  
Hiroki Irieda ◽  
Fumie Sugimoto ◽  
Hirofumi Yoshioka ◽  
Tetsuro Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Colletotrichum Orbiculare ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Colletotrichum orbiculare, the causal agent of cucumber anthracnose, infects Nicotiana benthamiana. Functional screening of C. orbiculare cDNAs in a virus vector-based plant expression system identified a novel secreted protein gene, NIS1, whose product induces cell death in N. benthamiana. Putative homologues of NIS1 are present in selected members of fungi belonging to class Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, or Orbiliomycetes. Green fluorescent protein–based expression studies suggested that NIS1 is preferentially expressed in biotrophic invasive hyphae. NIS1 lacking signal peptide did not induce NIS1-triggered cell death (NCD), suggesting apoplastic recognition of NIS1. NCD was prevented by virus-induced gene silencing of SGT1 and HSP90, indicating the dependency of NCD on SGT1 and HSP90. Deletion of NIS1 had little effect on the virulence of C. orbiculare against N. benthamiana, suggesting possible suppression of NCD by C. orbiculare at the postinvasive stage. The CgDN3 gene of C. gloeosporioides was previously identified as a secreted protein gene involved in suppression of hypersensitive-like response in Stylosanthes guianensis. Notably, we found that NCD was suppressed by the expression of a CgDN3 homologue of C. orbiculare. Our findings indicate that C. orbiculare expresses NIS1 at the postinvasive stage and suggest that NCD could be repressed via other effectors, including the CgDN3 homologue.

Identification of a SAR8.2 gene in the susceptible host response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Colletotrichum orbiculare

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Chan Shan ◽  
Paul H. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Colletotrichum Orbiculare ◽  
Cdna Subtraction ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Metal Ion Homeostasis ◽  
C Terminus

A SAR8.2 gene, NbSAR8.2m, was obtained from a PCR-selected cDNA subtraction library constructed from mRNA of Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. infected with Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk & Mont.) von Arx. It is the first SAR8.2 gene described from N. benthamiana and shows relatively high similarity in both the coding and 3′-UTR to NtSAR8.2m of Nicotiana tabacum L. Expression of NbSAR8.2m occurred in healthy plants but was induced 8-fold following infection by C. orbiculare. Virus-induced gene silencing of NbSAR8.2m reduced its expression and resulted in the development of disease symptoms 24 h earlier than in control plants, indicating that NbSAR8.2m affects the length of the biotrophic phase of infection. Both NtSAR8.2m and NbSAR8.2m are unique among the SAR8.2 genes in that they encode for four cysteines near the C-terminus. The conserved cysteines of SAR8.2 genes may indicate roles in stress responses, defence reactions, metal ion homeostasis or other processes.

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