Genetic variability for root morph-architecture traits and root growth dynamics as related to phosphorus efficiency in soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Ao ◽  
Jiabing Fu ◽  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Hong Liao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Positive Correlations

Root morphology and architecture are believed to be important for plant phosphorus (P) efficiency, but their genetic information is relatively scarce. In the present study, a field and a specially designed minirhizotron experiments were conducted using two soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) genotypes and their 88 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to elucidate the genetic variability for root morph-architecture traits and root growth dynamics as related to P efficiency in soybean. The results indicated that the root morph-architecture traits were continually segregated in the RILs with a normal distribution, indicating which are possibly controlled by quantitative trait loci. Significantly positive correlations were found between root and P traits, suggesting feasibility of screening P efficient genotype through simple selection of root traits in field. Most root morph-architecture traits were closely correlated, showing a coordinating contribution to P efficiency. Furthermore, root morphological traits always had higher heritability than architecture traits, thus, could serve as more reliable index in field selection. The dynamic parameters of root growth from the minirhizotron experiment showed that the P efficient genotype established longer and larger root system with preferring distribution in surface layer and also kept more active roots, therefore, had a better growth performance in field, than the P-inefficient genotype. Taken together, this is the first report on in situ root growth dynamics and its relation to P efficiency using minirhizotron systems in crops. Our findings help to better understand the relationships between P efficiency and root traits and, thus, facilitate development of P efficient genotypes in crops.

scholarly journals New Rootsnap Sensor Reveals the Ameliorating Effect of Biochar on In Situ Root Growth Dynamics of Maize in Sandy Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziatu Ahmed ◽  
Emmanuel Arthur ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Mathias Neumann Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Growth Dynamics

scholarly journals Root Dynamics of Apple Rootstocks in a Replanted Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Michael G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Compost Amendment

Root observations in situ with a rhizotron camera enabled us to compare the performance of apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees on 3 rootstock clones planted in a New York orchard with a history of apple replant disease. Visual observations were conducted in situ at monthly intervals during 2 growing seasons through minirhizotron tubes for trees grafted onto 3 rootstocks: M.7 (M.7), Geneva 30 (G.30), and Cornell-Geneva 6210 (CG.6210). There were 3 preplant soil treatments (fumigation, compost amendment, and untreated checks) and 2 tree planting positions (within the old tree rows or in the old grass lanes of the previous orchard at this site). Preplant soil treatments and old-row versus grass-lane tree planting positions had no apparent influence on root systems, whereas rootstock clones substantially influenced root growth and demography. New root emergence was suppressed during the first fruit-bearing year (2004) on all 3 rootstock clones compared with the previous nonbearing year (2003). A root-growth peak in early July accounted for more than 50% of all new roots in 2003, but there was no midsummer root-growth peak in 2004. The median lifespan for roots of CG.6210 was twice that of G.30 and M.7 in 2004. Also, CG.6210 had more roots below 30 cm depth, whereas M.7 had more roots from 11 to 20 cm depth. Trees on CG.6210 were bigger, yielded more fruit, and had the highest yield efficiency in the third year after planting compared with trees on G.30 and M.7 rootstocks. Crop load appeared to inhibit new root development and changed root-growth dynamics during the first bearing year, with a resurgence in new root growth after fruit was harvested in October 2004. Rootstock genotype was the dominant influence on root lifespan and distribution in this study, whereas preplant soil fumigation, compost amendments, and replanting positions had little apparent impact on root characteristics despite their influence on above-ground tree growth and yield.

Quantitative trait locus analysis of adventitious and lateral root morphology of barley grown at low and high P

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Guo ◽  
Guangdeng Chen ◽  
Xizhou Zhang ◽  
Tingxuan Li ◽  
Haiying Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
P Efficiency

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) may alter its root morphology to improve P acquisition efficiency under low-P (LP) stress. This research studied the variations in adventitious and lateral root morphological traits of barley and mapped their quantitative trait loci (QTLs) under LP and high P (HP). The recombinant inbred lines were derived from the F1 population of a cross between CN4027 and Baudin. Two experiments aimed to identify QTLs related to adventitious and lateral root morphological traits under LP and HP. The length, surface area and volume of adventitious and lateral roots were measured. Under HP, Baudin had larger root morphology, especially lateral root morphology, than CN4027. LP stress induced lateral root growth but inhibited adventitious root growth. Nineteen QTLs for root morphological traits were detected. These QTLs clustered within four regions (Cl−2H, Cl−3H, Cl−4H and Cl−7H) on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 4H and 7H, with corresponding contributions of 12.0–42.9%. Some QTLs are linked with the QTLs for P efficiency detected previously, demonstrating the role of root morphological traits in P efficiency. The Cl−2H region was identified in the interval bPb3927665–bPb3265744 on chromosome 2H and had major effects on lateral root growth, especially under LP. Lateral root length and surface area increased when alleles from Baudin were present at the QTLs in Cl−2H. This study demonstrated the patterns of growth among root types and the role of lateral roots in barley’s adaption to LP stress. The QTL clusters, especially Cl−2H, may offer clues for fine mapping and map-based cloning.

scholarly journals A low-cost aeroponic phenotyping system for storage root development: unravelling the below-ground secrets of cassava (Manihot esculenta)

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gomez Selvaraj ◽  
Maria Elker Montoya-P ◽  
John Atanbori ◽  
Andrew P. French ◽  
Tony Pridmore
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Storage Root Development

Abstract Background Root and tuber crops are becoming more important for their high source of carbohydrates, next to cereals. Despite their commercial impact, there are significant knowledge gaps about the environmental and inherent regulation of storage root (SR) differentiation, due in part to the innate problems of studying storage roots and the lack of a suitable model system for monitoring storage root growth. The research presented here aimed to develop a reliable, low-cost effective system that enables the study of the factors influencing cassava storage root initiation and development. Results We explored simple, low-cost systems for the study of storage root biology. An aeroponics system described here is ideal for real-time monitoring of storage root development (SRD), and this was further validated using hormone studies. Our aeroponics-based auxin studies revealed that storage root initiation and development are adaptive responses, which are significantly enhanced by the exogenous auxin supply. Field and histological experiments were also conducted to confirm the auxin effect found in the aeroponics system. We also developed a simple digital imaging platform to quantify storage root growth and development traits. Correlation analysis confirmed that image-based estimation can be a surrogate for manual root phenotyping for several key traits. Conclusions The aeroponic system developed from this study is an effective tool for examining the root architecture of cassava during early SRD. The aeroponic system also provided novel insights into storage root formation by activating the auxin-dependent proliferation of secondary xylem parenchyma cells to induce the initial root thickening and bulking. The developed system can be of direct benefit to molecular biologists, breeders, and physiologists, allowing them to screen germplasm for root traits that correlate with improved economic traits.

The influence of forest site on rate and extent of soil compaction and profile disturbance of skid trails during ground-based harvesting

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Williamson ◽  
W A Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Wet Forests

Soil compaction has been considered a principal form of damage associated with logging, restricting root growth and reducing productivity. The rate and extent of soil compaction on skid trails was measured at six field locations covering a range of dry and wet forests. Data was collected for up to 21 passes of a laden logging machine. A similar extent of compaction, averaging 0.17 g·cm-3 increase in total soil bulk density (BD), was recorded for all field sites despite substantial site and soil differences. On average, 62% of the compaction in the top 10 cm of the soil occurred after only one pass of a laden logging machine. The environment under which soils had formed played a major role in determining the BD of the undisturbed soil. Compaction was strongly related to the original BD, forest type, and soil parent material. Soil strengths obtained in the field fell below levels found to restrict root growth. However, reduction in macropores, and the effect of that on aeration and drainage could reduce tree growth. On the wettest soils logged, machine forces displaced topsoils rather than causing compaction in situ. Recommended logging methods and implications for the development of sustainability indices are discussed.

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