Quantitative trait locus analysis of adventitious and lateral root morphology of barley grown at low and high P

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Guo ◽  
Guangdeng Chen ◽  
Xizhou Zhang ◽  
Tingxuan Li ◽  
Haiying Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
P Efficiency

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) may alter its root morphology to improve P acquisition efficiency under low-P (LP) stress. This research studied the variations in adventitious and lateral root morphological traits of barley and mapped their quantitative trait loci (QTLs) under LP and high P (HP). The recombinant inbred lines were derived from the F1 population of a cross between CN4027 and Baudin. Two experiments aimed to identify QTLs related to adventitious and lateral root morphological traits under LP and HP. The length, surface area and volume of adventitious and lateral roots were measured. Under HP, Baudin had larger root morphology, especially lateral root morphology, than CN4027. LP stress induced lateral root growth but inhibited adventitious root growth. Nineteen QTLs for root morphological traits were detected. These QTLs clustered within four regions (Cl−2H, Cl−3H, Cl−4H and Cl−7H) on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 4H and 7H, with corresponding contributions of 12.0–42.9%. Some QTLs are linked with the QTLs for P efficiency detected previously, demonstrating the role of root morphological traits in P efficiency. The Cl−2H region was identified in the interval bPb3927665–bPb3265744 on chromosome 2H and had major effects on lateral root growth, especially under LP. Lateral root length and surface area increased when alleles from Baudin were present at the QTLs in Cl−2H. This study demonstrated the patterns of growth among root types and the role of lateral roots in barley’s adaption to LP stress. The QTL clusters, especially Cl−2H, may offer clues for fine mapping and map-based cloning.

scholarly journals Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Prapto Yudono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Morphology on Ecological Slope Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 04036
Author(s):  
JI Xiaolei ◽  
XU Lanlan ◽  
YANG Guoping
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Included Angle ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Object Based

Ecological slope protection is of great importance for preventing the water and soil loss on bare slopes, improving the ecological environment, and realizing the sustainable ecosystem development. The root-soil composite slope consisting of homogenous soil mass and oleander root system was taken as the study object. Based on the mechanics principle of soil reinforcement by roots in ecological slope protection, the influences of the lateral root quantity of plants and included angle between main root and lateral root on the slope protection were investigated via the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS. The simulation results show that the larger the quantity of lateral roots, the more obvious the displacement reduction of the soil mass on the slope surface will be. The slope protection effect varies with the root morphology, the included angle between main root and lateral root is an important factor influencing the slope protection effect of plants, and the slope protection effect at included angle of 30° is apparently superior to that at 90°. The research results can provide a theoretical support for the plant selection in the ecological slope protection.

Genetic variability for root morph-architecture traits and root growth dynamics as related to phosphorus efficiency in soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Ao ◽  
Jiabing Fu ◽  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Xiaolong Yan ◽  
Hong Liao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Positive Correlations

Root morphology and architecture are believed to be important for plant phosphorus (P) efficiency, but their genetic information is relatively scarce. In the present study, a field and a specially designed minirhizotron experiments were conducted using two soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) genotypes and their 88 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) to elucidate the genetic variability for root morph-architecture traits and root growth dynamics as related to P efficiency in soybean. The results indicated that the root morph-architecture traits were continually segregated in the RILs with a normal distribution, indicating which are possibly controlled by quantitative trait loci. Significantly positive correlations were found between root and P traits, suggesting feasibility of screening P efficient genotype through simple selection of root traits in field. Most root morph-architecture traits were closely correlated, showing a coordinating contribution to P efficiency. Furthermore, root morphological traits always had higher heritability than architecture traits, thus, could serve as more reliable index in field selection. The dynamic parameters of root growth from the minirhizotron experiment showed that the P efficient genotype established longer and larger root system with preferring distribution in surface layer and also kept more active roots, therefore, had a better growth performance in field, than the P-inefficient genotype. Taken together, this is the first report on in situ root growth dynamics and its relation to P efficiency using minirhizotron systems in crops. Our findings help to better understand the relationships between P efficiency and root traits and, thus, facilitate development of P efficient genotypes in crops.

scholarly journals Soybean Root Systems and Sudden Death Syndrome Severity: Taproot and Lateral Root Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta M. Ortiz-Ribbing ◽  
Darin M. Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Root System ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve

Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow Rate on Hydroponic Plant Growth and Root Morphology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bateer Baiyin ◽  
Kotaro Tagawa ◽  
Mina Yamada ◽  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Satoshi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Flow Rates

Crop production under hydroponic environments has many advantages, yet the effects of solution flow rate on plant growth remain unclear. We conducted a hydroponic cultivation study using different flow rates under light-emitting diode lighting to investigate plant growth, nutrient uptake, and root morphology under different flow rates. Swiss chard plants were grown hydroponically under four nutrient solution flow rates (2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min, and 8 L/min). After 21 days, harvested plants were analyzed for root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, root morphology, and root cellulose and hemicellulose content. We found that suitable flow rates, acting as a eustress, gave the roots appropriate mechanical stimulation to promote root growth, absorb more nutrients, and increase overall plant growth. Conversely, excess flow rates acted as a distress that caused the roots to become compact and inhibited root surface area and root growth. Excess flow rate thereby resulted in a lower root surface area that translated to reduced nutrient ion absorption and poorer plant growth compared with plans cultured under a suitable flow rate. Our results indicate that regulating flow rate can regulate plant thigmomorphogenesis and nutrient uptake, ultimately affecting hydroponic crop quality.

scholarly journals Lateral Root Traits of Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ in Response to Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551
Author(s):  
Qin Shi ◽  
Yunlong Yin ◽  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Wencai Fan ◽  
Jinbo Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Surface Area

Roots are vital organs for resource uptake. However, the knowledge regarding the extent by which responses in roots influence plant resistance is still poorly known. In this study, we examined the morphological and physiological responses of lateral roots of Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 406’ (Taxodium mucronatum♀ and Taxodium distichum♂, T. 406) to 8 (DS-8) and 12 days (DS-12) drought. Control plants (CK-8 and CK-12) were well-watered throughout the experiment. Results indicated that drought resulted in significantly decreased root length, surface area, volume, and biomass and a relatively high death rate of roots (>2 mm). Specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA) of drought-stressed T. 406 plants were reduced to enhance resource uptake. Meanwhile, root relative water content (RWC) of T. 406 plants in CK-12 treatment was 5.81 times of those in DS-12 treatment. Under drought stress and root superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid (ASA) activities, proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents consistently increased to benefit the elimination of O2−. At the ultrastructural level, the organelle structure of T. 406 plant root tip was visibly damaged because of dehydration. The nucleus swelled and then exhibited uncommon features of disorganization and disruption. In short, our results provided substantial information about lateral root traits of T. 406 plants in response to drought stress, which is crucial to improve the drought resistance of Taxodium hybrid in the future breeding.

scholarly journals Morphological Trait QTL Mapping in Tomato Recombinant Inbred Line Population

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 788D-788
Author(s):  
I. Paran ◽  
I.L. Goldman ◽  
D. Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Trait Locus

Quantitative trait loci influencing morphological traits were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross of the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with a related wild species (L. cheesmanii). One-hundred-thirty-two polymorphic RFLP loci spaced throughout the tomato genome were scored for 97 RIL families. Morphological traits, including plant height, fresh weight, node number, first flower-bearing node, leaf length at nodes three and four, and number of branches, were measured in replicated trials during 1991, 1992, and 1993. Significant (P ≤ 0.01 level) quantitative trait locus (QTL) associations of marker loci were identified for each trait. Lower plant height, more branches, and shorter internode length were generally associated with RFLP alleles from the L. cheesmanii parent. QTL with large effects on a majority of the morphological traits measured were detected at chromosomes 2, 3, and 4. Large additive effects were measured at significant marker loci for many of the traits measured. Several marker loci exhibited significant associations with numerous morphological traits, suggesting their possible linkage to genes controlling growth and development processes in Lycopersicon.

scholarly journals Conserved LBL1-ta-siRNA and miR165/166-RLD1/2 modules regulate root development in maize

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. dev190033
Author(s):  
Vibhav Gautam ◽  
Archita Singh ◽  
Sandeep Yadav ◽  
Sharmila Singh ◽  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Crown Roots

ABSTRACTRoot system architecture and anatomy of monocotyledonous maize is significantly different from dicotyledonous model Arabidopsis. The molecular role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is poorly understood in maize root development. Here, we address the role of LEAFBLADELESS1 (LBL1), a component of maize trans-acting short-interfering RNA (ta-siRNA), in maize root development. We report that root growth, anatomical patterning, and the number of lateral roots (LRs), monocot-specific crown roots (CRs) and seminal roots (SRs) are significantly affected in lbl1-rgd1 mutant, which is defective in production of ta-siRNA, including tasiR-ARF that targets AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) in maize. Altered accumulation and distribution of auxin, due to differential expression of auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes, created an imbalance in auxin signalling. Altered expression of microRNA165/166 (miR165/166) and its targets, ROLLED1 and ROLLED2 (RLD1/2), contributed to the changes in lbl1-rgd1 root growth and vascular patterning, as was evident by the altered root phenotype of Rld1-O semi-dominant mutant. Thus, LBL1/ta-siRNA module regulates root development, possibly by affecting auxin distribution and signalling, in crosstalk with miR165/166-RLD1/2 module. We further show that ZmLBL1 and its Arabidopsis homologue AtSGS3 proteins are functionally conserved.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous phosphate supply influences maize lateral root proliferation by regulating auxin redistribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jingjing Feng ◽  
Philip J White ◽  
Jianbo Shen ◽  
Lingyun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Auxin Redistribution ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transporter

Abstract Background and Aims Roots take up phosphorus (P) as inorganic phosphate (Pi). Enhanced root proliferation in Pi-rich patches enables plants to capture the unevenly distributed Pi, but the underlying control of root proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, the role of auxin in this response was investigated in maize (Zea mays). Methods A split-root, hydroponics system was employed to investigate root responses to Pi supply, with one (heterogeneous) or both (homogeneous) sides receiving 0 or 500 μm Pi. Key results Maize roots proliferated in Pi-rich media, particularly with heterogeneous Pi supply. The second-order lateral root number was 3-fold greater in roots of plants receiving a heterogeneous Pi supply than in roots of plants with a homogeneous Pi supply. Root proliferation in a heterogeneous Pi supply was inhibited by the auxin transporter inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). The proliferation of lateral roots was accompanied by an enhanced auxin response in the apical meristem and vascular tissues at the root tip, as demonstrated in a DR5::RFP marker line. Conclusions It is concluded that the response of maize root morphology to a heterogeneous Pi supply is modulated by local signals of Pi availability and systemic signals of plant P nutritional status, and is mediated by auxin redistribution.

scholarly journals Stomatal conductance responses to evaporative demand conferred by rice drought-yield quantitative trait locus qDTY12.1

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Henry ◽  
Hilary Stuart-Williams ◽  
Shalabh Dixit ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Graham Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
Trait Locus

Rice quantitative trait locus (QTL) qDTY12.1 is a major-effect drought yield QTL that was identified from a cross of Vandana (recipient parent) and Way Rarem (donor parent) through breeding efforts to improve rice yield under upland drought stress conditions. The two main physiological effects previously observed to be related to the presence of qDTY12.1 were (i) increased lateral root growth, and (ii) increased transpiration efficiency. Since relatively more progress has thus far been made on characterising the lateral root growth response related to qDTY12.1, the present study focussed on characterising how qDTY12.1 confers higher transpiration efficiency under upland drought stress in the Vandana background. In a series of field experiments in which stomatal conductance was measured across different times of day in four qDTY12.1 near isogenic lines (NILs), the NILs and Way Rarem showed consistently higher stomatal conductance than Vandana under conditions of low vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and consistently lower stomatal conductance than Vandana under high VPD and high PAR. Leaf δ18O was higher in the qDTY12.1 NIL than in Vandana, and although this trend was previously observed for leaf δ13C it appeared to be more consistent across measurement dates and treatments for leaf δ18O. The qDTY12.1 NILs and Way Rarem tended to show greater large vein to small vein interveinal distance and mesophyll area than Vandana, also consistent across treatments. In terms of aquaporin-related plant hydraulics, variation among NILs in terms of aquaporin inhibition of root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) was observed, with the highest-yielding NIL showing a lack of Lpr inhibition similar to Way Rarem. The results reported here suggest that the effects of qDTY12.1 are in response not only to soil moisture, but also to atmospheric conditions. An interaction among multiple mechanisms including leaf anatomy and aquaporin function appear to confer the transpiration efficiency effect of qDTY12.1.

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