Systematics and phylogeny of a new cryptic species of Diloma Philippi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) from a novel habitat, the bull kelp holdfast communities of southern New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish G. Spencer ◽  
Bruce A. Marshall ◽  
Jonathan M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Durvillaea Antarctica ◽  
Novel Habitat ◽  
Kelp Holdfast ◽  
Intertidal Habitats

The seven currently recognised New Zealand species in the gastropod genus Diloma Philippi, 1845 are an important component of New Zealand’s littoral biodiversity across a range of intertidal habitats. A new cryptic species in this genus (Diloma durvillaea, sp. nov.) is described largely on molecular grounds from exposed coasts of the South Island of New Zealand from Lyttelton south, as well as the Auckland Islands. The shell is very similar to D. arida (Finlay, 1926), differing subtly in having stronger spiral ribs and less extensive or no yellow spotting. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene shows these two species are sister-taxa and are more distinct from each other (genetic distance 11.5%) than are the morphologically divergent sister-species D. subrostrata (Gray, 1835) and D. aethiops (Gmelin, 1791) (8.2%), also from New Zealand. The new species is found in a novel habitat for the genus, in the holdfasts and on the blades of the bull kelp, Durvillaea antarctica (Cham.) Har. (Phaeophyta), at the low-tide mark on exposed coasts, whereas D. arida occurs higher up on the shore, as well as in more sheltered situations.

scholarly journals Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumaira Yousaf ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Mariyam Masood ◽  
Kazam Ali ◽  
Nazia Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Rice Strain

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest of maize, is an emerging threat in Southern Asia after America and Europe. Recently, this notorious pest has also been found in different areas of Pakistan. To assess its presence in Pakistan, a survey was carried out in the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May–October 2019. We observed the highest incidence of FAW in Sindh with maximum impact in districts Tando-Allahyar and Hyderabad. These samples were identified as Spodoptera frugiperda on the morphological and taxonomical bases. However, morphological identification of this pest is very difficult at early larval instars. Here, we use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene region for the precise identification of larva of this invasive pest at species level. Two different regions of COI gene (COI-5′ and COI-3′) were used as molecular markers for the identification of this species. DNA sequence similarity searches of the obtained COI gene sequences (NCBI GenBank Accession Nos. MW241537, MW241538, MW349515, MW349516, MW349493 and MW349494) revealed that genetically it is more than 99% identical to S. frugiperda. The phylogenetic analysis indicated it as the rice-strain (R-strain). Both 3′- and 5′-fragment tree topologies showed that the collected samples of the FAW species belong to the R-strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence for the existence of R-strain of S. frugiperda that was found feeding on maize crop in Sindh, Pakistan, using COI gene sequences as a marker.

scholarly journals Parasitism of Soldiers of the Termite, Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), by the Scuttle Fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Royto Noknoy ◽  
Sakone Sunantaraporn ◽  
Atchara Phumee ◽  
Padet Siriyasatien ◽  
Sunisa Sanguansub
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Megaselia Scalaris ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Termites of the genus Macrotermes (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) are serious agricultural and structural pests, which also play vital roles in ecosystem functioning, and are crucial for the maintenance of tropical biodiversity. They are widely distributed, mainly in Southeast Asian countries; however, the parasitism of termites has been little researched. This research was conducted to identify and study the ecology of the parasitoids of termites at Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) soldier termites were collected from 25 mounds. In four of the 25 mounds, scuttle fly larvae were found inside the bodies of the soldier termites, and adult flies were found in all of the mounds. Some of the larvae successfully developed to pupae under laboratory conditions. The percentages of parasitized major soldier termites collected from the four mounds were 43.79%, 47.43%, 0.86%, and 3.49%, respectively, and the percentages of parasitized minor soldier termites were 0.64%, 0.00%, 0.21%, and 0.00%, respectively. Larvae, pupae, and adult flies were identified using both morphological and molecular identifications. Molecular identification used the partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. The results of both identification methods identified the parasitic Diptera as the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae). The phylogenetic analysis of the 23 scuttle fly samples (11 larvae, 7 pupae, and 5 adults) classified them into two clades: (1) Those closely related to a previous report in India; (2) those related to M. scalaris found in Asia and Africa. This is the first discovery of M. scalaris in M. gilvus. Further investgation into termite parasitism by M. scalaris and its possible use in the biological control of termites is needed.

Molecular characterization of closely related species in the parasitic genus Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Monti ◽  
A.G. Nappo ◽  
M. Giorgini
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

AbstractThe genus Encarsia Förster includes parasitoid species that are effective natural enemies of whitefly and armoured scale insect agricultural pests. Within this genus, several species groups have been recognized on the basis of morphological similarity, although their monophyly appears uncertain. It is often difficult to separate morphologically similar species, and there is evidence that some species could in fact be complexes of cryptic species. Their correct identification is fundamental for biological control purposes. Recently, due to unreliability of morphological characters, molecular techniques have been investigated to identify markers that differentiate closely related species. In this study, DNA variation in an ~900 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was examined by both sequencing and PCR–RFLP. Two pairs of species that are difficult to distinguish morphologically were analysed: Encarsia formosa Gahan and Encarsia luteola Howard, belonging to the luteola group, and two populations of Encarsia sophia (Girault & Dodd) from Pakistan and Spain, belonging to the strenua group, recently characterized as cryptic species. High sequence divergence and species-specific restriction patterns clearly differentiate both species pairs. Parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequences was also performed, including Encarsia hispida De Santis (luteola group) and Encarsia protransvena Viggiani (strenua group). Two monophyletic clades supporting the two groups of species considered were resolved. The results of this study support the use of the COI gene as a useful marker in separating species of Encarsia, for which morphological differences are subtle. Moreover, the COI gene appears potentially useful for understanding phylogenetic relationships in this genus.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of transparent gobies in three Sumatran lakes, inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEWI IMELDA ROESMA ◽  
DJONG HON TJONG ◽  
DYTA RABBANI AIDIL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase I ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Abstract. Roesma DI, Tjong DH, Aidil DR. 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of transparent gobies in three Sumatran lakes, inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene. Biodiversitas 21: 43-48. The transparent gobies fish found in three lakes in Sumatra island is known as Rinuak fish (in Maninjau Lake and Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia) or Badar fish (in Siais Lake, North Sumatra, Indonesia), and are morphologically very similar to the Gobiopterus brachypterus. The phylogenetic study was carried out by analyzing 619 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in 12 fish individuals from the three lakes. Rinuak and Badar fish in three populations have four haplotypes. The sequence divergences in and between populations are very low (0.0-0.5%). This value indicates that Rinuak and Badar fish are the same species with low genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree illustrates that this fish belongs to the group of Gobiidae and a sister taxon from G. brachypterus.

scholarly journals Conserve primers for sequencing complete ungulate mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene from problematic and decomposed biological samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar ◽  
Mirza Ghazanfar Ullah Ghazi ◽  
Bhim Singh ◽  
Syed Ainul Hussain ◽  
Dinesh Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome C

Revisiting Pagurus pilosipes (Stimpson, 1858) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3096 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMOYUKI KOMAI ◽  
CHIEN-HUI YANG ◽  
JUNJI OKUNO ◽  
TIN-YAM CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Ogasawara Islands

The study of newly collected samples from Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, revealed that males of Pagurus pilosipes (Stimpson, 1858) have a prominent right sexual tube directed posterolaterally. Comparison of specimens previously identified as Pagurus pilosipes and newly collected specimens, combined with a molecular genetic analysis using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene, shows that Stimpson’s taxon occurs in the Japanese mainland, the Ogasawara Islands, the Okinawa Islands, and Korea. Stimpson’s taxon is transferred to the genus Boninpagurus Asakura and Tachikawa, 2004. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, Boninpagurus acanthocheles Asakura & Tachikawa, 2004, the type species of Boninpagurus, is synonymized with B. pilosipes n. comb. Affinity of Boninpagurus is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Morphological and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eustrongylides sp. and Gnathostoma spinigerum Parasitizing the Asian Swamp Eel Monopterusalbus in China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Sixin Zhang ◽  
Guangping Huang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Xianyong Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Gnathostoma Spinigerum ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Asian Swamp Eel ◽  
Swamp Eel

Nematode infections transmitted to humans by the consumption of wild or cultured eels are increasingly being reported. In the present study, 120 Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew), individuals collected from China were examined for parasite infections, and 78 larval nematodes were isolated. Morphological and molecular characteristics, including sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene regions, were employed to identify these nematodes at the lowest taxonomic level possible. Asian swamp eel was infected with two zoonotic parasite taxa: Gnathostoma spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae, with 6.67% prevalence and mean intensity = 1.25, and Eustrongylides sp. fourth-stage larvae, with 26.67% prevalence and mean intensity = 2.13. These findings evidence the need to enhance public hygiene and food safety awareness toward eel consumption

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